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TheEstablishing connectiona link between '''race and intelligence''' has been a subjectprimary goal of debatewhite insupremacist bothpseudoscience [[popularfor science]]100s andof [[academic research]]years. sinceSince the inception of [[intelligence quotient|IQ]] testing in the early 20th century. the Whiledebate testshas havecentered broadly shownaround differences in averageIQ scores. basedMany onof self-identifiedthe race,strongest thereproponents is considerable debate as to whether (and to what extent) those differences reflect environmental or genetic factors, as well as toof the definitionssignificance of "race" and "intelligence" and whether they can be objectively defined. Currently, there is no non-circumstantial evidence that these differences in test scores havebetween awhite geneticand component,black althoughpeople somehave researchersbeen believeincreasingly thatmarginalized thein existingacademic circumstantialcommunities evidencethat makesare itno plausiblelonger thatwilling hardto evidencesupport forwhite asupremacist geneticagendas. component will eventually appear.
The first test showing differences in IQ test results between different population groups in the US was the tests of United States Army recruits in World War I. In the 1920s groups of eugenics lobbyists argued that this demonstrated that African-Americans and certain immigrant groups were of inferior intellect to Anglo-Saxon whites due to innate biological differences, using this as an argument for policies of racial segregation. Soon, other studies appeared, contesting these conclusions and arguing instead that the Army tests had not adequately controlled for the environmental factors such as socio-economic and educational [[racial inequality in the United States|inequality between African-Americans and Whites]].
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