Richard H. Ebright: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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Ebright's research has included the experimental demonstration that amino-acid-base contacts mediate DNA sequence recognition in [[protein-DNA interaction]],<ref name="Ebright">{{Cite journal |last1=Ebright |first1=R. H. |last2=Cossart |first2=P. |last3=Gicquel-Sanzey |first3=B. |last4=Beckwith |first4=J. |title=Mutations that alter the DNA sequence specificity of the catabolite gene activator protein of E. coli |journal=Nature |volume=311 |issue=5983 |pages=232–235 |year=1984 |pmid=6090927 |doi=10.1038/311232a0 |bibcode=1984Natur.311..232E |s2cid=4261408}}</ref> the determination of the three-dimensional structural organization of the transcription initiation complex;<ref name="Mekler">{{cite journal |last1=Mekler |first1=V. |last2=Kortkhonjia |first2=E. |last3=Mukhopadhyay |first3=J. |last4=Knight |first4=J. |last5=Revyakin |first5=A. |last6=Kapanidis |first6=A. |last7=Niu |first7=W. |last8=Ebright |first8=Y. |last9=Levy |first9=R. | last10 = Ebright | first10 = R. H. |year=2002 |title=Structural organization of bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme and the RNA polymerase-promoter open complex |journal=Cell |volume=108 |issue=5 |pages=599–614 |doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00667-0 |pmid=11893332 |s2cid=4938696 | doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name="Zhang">{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Y. |last2=Feng |first2=Y. |last3=Chatterjee |first3=S. |last4=Tuske |first4=S. |last5=Ho |first5=M. X. |last6=Arnold |first6=E. |last7=Ebright |first7=R. H. |doi=10.1126/science.1227786 |title=Structural Basis of Transcription Initiation |journal=Science |year=2012 |pmid=23086998 |pmc=3593053 |volume=338 |issue=6110 |pages=1076–80 |bibcode=2012Sci...338.1076Z}}</ref><ref name="Chakraborty">{{cite journal |last1=Chakraborty |first1=A. |last2=Wang |first2=D. |last3=Ebright |first3=Y. |last4=Korlann |first4=Y. |last5=Kortkhonjia |first5=E. |last6=Kim |first6=T. |last7=Chowdhury |first7=S. |last8=Wigneshweraraj |first8=S. |last9=Irschik |first9=H. | last10 = Jansen | first10 = R. |last11=Nixon |first11=B.T. |last12=Knight |first12=J. |last13=Weiss |first13=S. |last14=Ebright |first14=R. H. |year=2012 |title=Opening and closing of the bacterial RNA polymerase clamp |journal=Science |volume=337 |issue=6094 |pages=591–595 |doi=10.1126/science.1218716 |pmid=22859489 |pmc=3626110 |bibcode=2012Sci...337..591C}}</ref> the demonstration that transcription start-site selection and [[abortive initiation|initial transcription]] involve "[[DNA scrunching]]",<ref name="Kapanidis">{{cite journal |author1=Kapanidis, A. N. |author2=Margeat, E. |author3=Ho, S. O. |author4=Kortkhonjia, E. |author5=Weiss, S. |author6=Ebright, R. H. |year=2006 |title=Initial transcription by RNA polymerase proceeds through a DNA-scrunching mechanism |journal=Science |volume=314 |issue=5802 |pages=1144–1147 |pmid=17110578 |doi=10.1126/science.1131399 |pmc=2754788 |bibcode=2006Sci...314.1144K}}</ref><ref name="Revyakin">{{cite journal |author1=Revyakin, A. |author2=Liu, C. |author3=Ebright, R. H. |author4=Strick, T. |year=2006 |title=Abortive initiation and productive initiation by RNA polymerase involve DNA scrunching |journal=Science |volume=314 |issue=5802 |pages=1139–1143 |doi=10.1126/science.1131398 |pmid=17110577 |pmc=2754787 |bibcode=2006Sci...314.1139R}}</ref><ref name="Winkelman">{{cite journal |last1=Winkelman |first1=J. |last2=Vvedenskaya |first2=I. |last3=Zhang |first3=Y. |last4=Bird |first4=J. |last5=Taylor |first5=D. |last6=Gourse |first6=R. |last7=Ebright |first7=R. |last8=Nickels |first8=B. |year=2016 |title=Multiplexed protein-DNA cross-linking: Scrunching in transcription start site selection |journal=Science |volume=351 |issue=6277 |pages=1090–1093 |doi=10.1126/science.aad6881 |pmid=26941320 |pmc=4797950 |bibcode=2016Sci...351.1090W}}</ref> the demonstration that [[activator (genetics)|transcription activation]] can proceed by a "recruitment" mechanism,<ref name="Heyduk">{{cite journal |last1=Heyduk |first1=T. |last2=Lee |first2=J. |last3=Ebright |first3=Y. |last4=Blatter |first4=E. |last5=Zhou |first5=Y. |last6=Ebright |first6=R. H. |year=1993 |title=CAP interacts with RNA polymerase in solution in the absence of promoter DNA |journal=Nature |volume=364 |issue=6437 |pages=548–549 |doi=10.1038/364548a0 |pmid=8393148 |bibcode=1993Natur.364..548H |s2cid=4248533}}</ref><ref name="Benoff">{{cite journal |author1=Benoff, B. |author2=Yang, H. |author3=Lawson, C. L. |author4=Parkinson, G. |author5=Liu, J. |author6=Blatter, E. |author7=Ebright, Y. W. |author8=Berman, H. M. |author9=Arnold, E. |author10=Ebright, R. H. |year=2002 |title=Structural basis of transcription activation: the CAP-alphaCTD-DNA complex |journal=Science |volume=297 |issue=5586 |pages=1562–1566 |pmid=12202833 |doi=10.1126/science.1076376 |bibcode=2002Sci...297.1562B |s2cid=17422837}}</ref><ref name="Feng">{{cite journal |author1=Feng, Y. |author2=Zhang, Y. |author3=Ebright, R. H. |year=2016 |title=Structural basis of transcription activation |journal=Science |volume=352 |issue=6291 |pages=1330–1333 |doi=10.1126/science.aaf4417 |pmid=27284196 |pmc=4905602 |bibcode=2016Sci...352.1330F}}</ref> the demonstration that bacterial [[transcription-translation coupling]] involves direct physical bridging of [[RNA polymerase]] and a [[ribosome]] by NusA and NusG,<ref name="Wang">{{cite journal |author1=Wang, C. |author2=Molodtsov, V. |author3=Firlar, E. |author4=Kaelber, J. |author5=Blaha, G. |author6=Su, M. |author7=Ebright, R. H. |name-list-style=amp |year=2020 |title=Structural basis of transcription-translation coupling |journal=Science |volume=369 |issue=6509 |pages=1359–1365 |doi=10.1126/science.abb5317 |pmid=32820061 |pmc=7566311 |bibcode=2020Sci...369.1359W}}</ref> the demonstration that bacterial Rho-dependent [[termination factor|transcription termination]] involves the [[molecular motor|molecular-motor]] activity of the termination factor [[Rho factor|Rho]],<ref name="Molodtsov">{{cite journal |author1=Molodtsov, V. |author2=Wang, C. |author3=Firlar, E. |author4=Kaelber, J. |author5=Ebright, R. H. |name-list-style=amp |year=2023 |title=Structural basis of Rho-dependent transcription termination |journal=Nature |volume=614 |issue=7947 |pages=367–374 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05658-1 |pmid=36697824 |pmc=9911385 |bibcode=2023Natur.614..367M }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Rashid, F. |author2=Berger, J.|name-list-style=amp |year=2023 |title=Protein structure terminates doubt about how transcription stops|journal=Nature |volume=614 |issue=7947 |pages=237–238 |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-00121-1 |pmid=36697726 |bibcode=2023Natur.614..237R }}</ref> and the identification of novel antibacterial drug targets in bacterial [[RNA polymerase]].<ref name="Mukhopadhyay">{{cite journal |author1=Mukhopadhyay, J. |author2=Das, K. |author3=Ismail, S. |author4=Koppstein, D. |author5=Jang, M. |author6=Hudson, B. |author7=Sarafianos, S. |author8=Tuske, S. |author9=Patel, J. |author10=Jansen, R. |author11=Irschik, H. |author12=Arnold, E. |author13=Ebright, R. H. |name-list-style=amp |year=2008 |title=The RNA polymerase "switch region" is a target for inhibitors |journal=Cell |volume=135 |issue=2 |pages=295–307 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2008.09.033 |pmc=2580802 |pmid=18957204}}</ref><ref name="Maffioli">{{cite journal |author1=Maffioli, S. |author2=Zhang, Y. |author3=Degen, D. |author4=Carzaniga, T. |author5=Del Gatto, G. |author6=Serina, S. |author7=Monciardini, P. |author8=Mazzetti, C. |author9=Guglierame, P. |author10=Candiani, G. |author11=Chiriac, A. I. |author12=Facchetti, G. |author13=Kaltofen, P. |author14=Sahl, H.-G. |author15=Dehò, G. |author16=Donadio, S. |author17=Ebright, R. H. |name-list-style=amp |year=2017 |title=Antibacterial nucleoside-analog inhibitor of bacterial RNA polymerase |journal=Cell |volume=169 |issue=7 |pages=1240–1248 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.042 |pmid=28622509 |pmc=5542026}}</ref>

In 1994, Ebright was awarded the [[American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology]] Schering-Plough Award for his research on transcription activation.<ref name="ASBMB">{{cite web |title=ASBMB/Schering-Plough Research Institute Award |url=http://www.asbmb.org/Page.aspx?id=510 |access-date=October 8, 2011}}</ref> In 1995, he received the [[Academic Press]] Walter J. Johnson Prize.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Walter J. Johnson Prize, 1995 |journal=Journal of Molecular Biology |volume=251 |issue=3 |pages=329 |year=1995 |pmid=7650734}}</ref> In 2013, he received a [[National Institutes of Health MERIT Award]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Gifts & Grants |url=http://bulletin.rutgers.edu/bulletin-sections/gifts-grants |newspaper=Rutgers University Faculty and Staff Bulletin |date=June 12, 2013 |access-date=June 12, 2013}}</ref> He was elected as a Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology in 1996,<ref name="AAM">{{cite web |title=American Academy of Microbiology Fellowship Directory |url=http://academy.asm.org/index.php/fellows/fellows-directory |access-date=October 8, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807112021/http://academy.asm.org/index.php/fellows/fellows-directory |archive-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref> the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2004,<ref>{{cite press release |title=AAAS Council Honors 308 Members for Their Contributions to Science |url=http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2004/1101fellows.shtml |publisher=AAAS |date=November 1, 2004 |access-date=October 8, 2011}}</ref> the Infectious Diseases Society of America in 2011,<ref>{{cite news |title=Congratulations, New IDSA Fellows! |url=http://news.idsociety.org/idsa/issues/2011-08-02/14.html |newspaper=IDSA News |date=July–August 2011 |access-date=October 8, 2011}}</ref> and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2016.<ref>{{cite press release |title=American Academy of Arts and Sciences Elects 213 National and International Scholars, Artists, Philanthropists, and Business and Civic Leaders |url=https://www.amacad.org/content/news/pressReleases.aspx?pr=10257 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences |date=April 20, 2016 |access-date=April 20, 2016}}</ref> He is the subject of a piece named "The Making of a Scientist"featured in a high school textbook published by [[National Council of Educational Research and Training|NCERT]] (and recommended by the [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]) in India, in a piece titled 'The Making of a Scientist,' which is adapted from an article of the same name written by [[Robert W. Peterson (writer)|Robert W. Peterson]] for [[Scout Life|Boy's Life]] magazine.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Footprints Without Feet |publisher=NCERT |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-7450-709-9 |edition=December 2017 |location=India |pages=32–38 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Peterson |first=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dWYEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA28 |title=The Making of a Scientist |date= |publisher=Boy's Life |year=1982 |language=en}}</ref>

He has opposed the proliferation of laboratories working on [[biological weapons]] agents and has supported the strengthening of [[biosafety]] and [[biosecurity]] measures to reduce risks of release of [[biological weapons]].<ref name="BioWeapons"/>