Richard Warshak: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
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'''Richard A. Warshak''' (born December 18, 1949) is an American clinical and research psychologist and author. He is best known for his expertiseresearch onand advocacy in the areas of [[child custody]], [[shared parenting]], and claims of [[parental alienation]] disputes in the context of [[divorce]]. Warshak has written threetwo books, ''The Custody Revolution'',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Warshak, R.|first1=Richard A.Ades |title=The custody revolution : the father factor and the motherhood (mystique |date=1992.) ''The|publisher=Poseidon Custody Revolution''.Press |location=New York: Simon & Schuster.|isbn=9780671746940}}</ref> and ''Divorce Poison: Protecting the Parent-Child Bond From a Vindictive Ex'',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Warshak, R.|first1=Richard A.Ades (2002). ''|title=Divorce Poisonpoison : Protectingprotecting the Parentparent-Childchild Bondbond from a Vindictivevindictive Ex''.ex |date=2001 |publisher=ReganBooks |location=New York: ReganBooks.|isbn=9780060188993 |edition=1st}}</ref> and the revisedupdated edition, ''Divorce Poison: How to Protect Your Family from Bad-mouthing and Brainwashing''.<ref name="Poison2">{{cite book |last1=Warshak, R.|first1=Richard A.Ades (2010).|title=Divorce ''Divorcepoison Poison: Howhow to Protectprotect Youryour Familyfamily from Badbad-mouthing and Brainwashing''.brainwashing |date=2010 |publisher=Harper |location=New York: Harper|isbn=9780061863264 Collins|edition=[Rev.]}}</ref>
==Education==
Warshak graduated from Brooklyn's [[Midwood High School]]<ref>[http://midwoodhighschool.net/brooklyn-ny/alumni-list-w.html Midwood High School Brooklyn, NY Alumni List]</ref> in 1966 and received his B.S. degree from [[Cornell University]] in 1971. Warshak received his Ph.D. in [[clinical psychology]] from the [[University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center]] (formerly the University of Texas Health Science Center) in 1978 where he stayed to eventually become Clinical Professor of Psychology in the Department of Psychiatry.<ref>[http://www.utsouthwestern.edu/education/graduate-school/programs/phd-degrees/clinical-psychology/program-faculty.html UT Southwestern Clinical Psychology Faculty]</ref>
==Research==
===Child custody===
Warshak's doctoral dissertation, ''The Effects of Father Custody and Mother Custody on Children's Personality Development'',<ref>Warshak, R. A. (1978). ''The Effects of Father Custody and Mother Custody on Children’s Personality Development''. Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas Health Science Center, Dallas, TX.</ref> was the first study to directly compare children growing up in father-custody homes to children growing up in mother-custody homes.<ref name="Time 1980">[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,924414,00.html Behavior: Woe Is One]. (1980, September 8).''Time'', ''116'' (10).</ref> He later collaborated with John Santrock on the Texas Custody Research Project on a series of studies on the effects of different custody dispositions and stepfamilies.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Warshak |first1=Richard A. |last2=Santrock |first2=John W. |title=The impact of divorce in father-custody and mother-custody homes: The child's perspective |journal=New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development |date=March 1983 |volume=1983 |issue=19 |pages=29–46 |doi=10.1002/cd.23219831905}}</ref>▼
▲Warshak's research has focused on issues relating to child custody. His doctoral dissertation, ''The Effects of Father Custody and Mother Custody on Children's Personality Development'', compared children growing up in father-custody homes to children growing up in mother-custody homes.<ref>Warshak, R. A. (1978). ''The Effects of Father Custody and Mother Custody on Children’s Personality Development''. Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas Health Science Center, Dallas, TX.</ref> wasHe thelater firstcollaborated studywith toJohn directlySantrock compareon childrenthe growingTexas upCustody inResearch father-custodyProject homeson toa childrenseries growingof upstudies inon the effects of different mother-custody homesdispositions and stepfamilies.<ref name="Time 1980">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070630232750/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,924414,00.html Behavior: Woe Is One]. (1980, September 8).''Time'', ''116'' (10).</ref> He later collaborated with John Santrock on the Texas Custody Research Project on a series of studies on the effects of different custody dispositions and stepfamilies.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Warshak |first1=Richard A. |last2=Santrock |first2=John W. |title=The impact of divorce in father-custody and mother-custody homes: The child's perspective |journal=New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development |date=March 1983 |volume=1983 |issue=19 |pages=29–46 |doi=10.1002/cd.23219831905|doi-access=free }}</ref>
Warshak's subsequent research in this area has focused on remarriage, relocation, parenting plans for young children, the [[American Law Institute]]'s approximation rule and children's preferences in custody disputes. His child custody studies have been cited in case law and legislation.<ref>Hague Conference on Private International Law, Permanent Bureau, Child Abduction/Protection of Children (2012). [http://www.hcch.net/upload/wop/abduct2012pd11e.pdf Preliminary Note On International Family Relocation], referring to Warshak, R. A. (2000). Social Science and Children's Best Interests in Relocation Cases: Burgess Revisited. ''Family Law Quarterly, 34 (1), 83-113'' as one of “three of the most cited articles” on relocation.</ref><ref>[http://www.warshak.com/alienation/pa-references/paslegal.html Parental Alienation Case Law]</ref><ref>German civil code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch –BGB), Palandt, C. H. Beck-Verlag, München 2006, 65th edition, Vol. 7, § 1684, Rd-Nr. 7, p. 1970 and 2007, 66th edition, Vol. 7, § 1684, Rd.-Nr. 7, p. 1975.</ref><ref>Eduskunta (Finnish Parliament). [http://www.eduskunta.fi/faktatmp/utatmp/akxtmp/kk_1255_2010_p.shtml Lapsen vieraannuttaminen etävanhemmastaan avioerotilanteessa]. {{dead link|date=February 2017}}</ref>
Warshak's subsequent research in this area has focused on remarriage, relocation, parenting plans for young children, the [[American Law Institute]]'s approximation rule and children's preferences in custody disputes.
===Parental alienation===
In 2003, Warshak published an article that discussed the controversy about whether a child's alienation from a parent could be diagnosed as a syndrome and presented arguments both for and against the use of the term ''[[parental alienation syndrome]]''.<ref>Warshak, R. A. (2003). Bringing Sense to Parental Alienation: a Look at the Disputes and the Evidence. ''Family Law Quarterly, 37'', 273-301.</ref> His article about a program he helped develop, ''Family Bridges: Using Insights from Social Science to Reconnect Parents and Alienated Children'', led to a 2010 special issue of the Family Court Review dedicated to the controversy surrounding claims of parental alienation.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fidler |first1=Barbara Jo |last2=Bala |first2=Nicholas |title=Guest Editors' Introduction to Special Issue on Alienated Children in Divorce and Separation: Emerging Approaches for Families and Courts |journal=Family Court Review |date=January 2010 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=6–9 |doi=10.1111/j.1744-1617.2009.01286.x}}</ref>
In 2010, Warshak's articles on ''Family Bridges: A Workshop for Troubled and Alienated Parent-Child Relationships'' were followed by discussion of the concept of [[parental alienation]] by mental health professionals and in the ''Family Court Review''.<ref>Fidler, B. J. & Bala, N. (2010). Guest Editors’ Introduction To Special Issue On Alienated Children In Divorce And Separation: Emerging Approaches For Families And Courts. ''Family Court Review, 48'' (1), 6-9. “The impetus for this special issue arises from the preparation of a paper by Richard Warshak that was submitted for publication in FCR. His article 'Family Bridges: Using Insights from Social Science to Reconnect Parents and Alienated Children' is the first to appear in a refereed journal on the workshop. It went through a rigorous peer-review process before being accepted for publication” (page 7).</ref> Warshak published an article that discussed the controversy about whether a child's unreasonable alienation from a parent could be diagnosed as a syndrome and presented arguments both for and against the use of the term ''[[parental alienation syndrome]]''.<ref>Warshak, R. A. (2003). Bringing Sense to Parental Alienation: a Look at the Disputes and the Evidence. ''Family Law Quarterly, 37'', 273-301.</ref>
Warshak takes the position that a child's alienation from a parent may be the result of many causes, including the behavior of the rejected parent.<ref name=Poison2 />{{rp|61–63}} Warshak asserts that courts must rapidly and effectively enforce orders related to children's contact with both parents.<ref>Pigg, S. (2010, February 9). [https://www.thestar.com/life/health_wellness/2010/02/09/tough_love_from_texas.html Tough Love From Texas]. Toronto Star.</ref>
Warshak takes the position that the origin and maintenance of a child's unreasonable alienation from a parent alienation may result from a variety of causes, including the behavior of the rejected parent.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S219PgIg2z8 In Focus: Divorce Poison (2010-02-19)]. PBS KNME-TV.</ref><ref>Warshak, supra note 3 at 61-62: "Relief from alienation requires an understanding of all the contributing factors.The child may have her own motives, the rejected parent may be responding in a rigid manner that reinforces the negative attitudes, and the favored parent may be actively or passively supporting the rupture of the parent-child relationship. In additron to the actions of the parents and child, sometimes the circumstances of the marriage and divorce play a key role." Warshak, supra note 3 at 63: "The search for the roots of alienation is not a quest to place blame but to find effective solutions to this tragic problem."</ref>
Warshak asserts that the emotional and financial costs of severe irrational alienation, and the obstaclesdifficulties toin itsrepairing alleviation,that damage make it important to educate judges to prevent unreasonable parental alienation and quickly identify children who are at risk. Heand authoredto andeducate co-producedjudges. His aeducational video, ''Welcome Back, Pluto: Understanding, Preventing, and Overcoming Parental Alienation'', is directed at children, teens, and young adults who are alienated or at risk for becoming alienated.<ref>Levy, D. L., & Sauber, S. R. (2011). Review of the DVD Welcome Back, Pluto: Understanding, Preventing, and Overcoming Parental Alienation. ''The American Journal of Family Therapy, 39'', 77-85.</ref> In addition to education, Warshak asserts that courts must rapidly and effectively enforce orders related to children's contact with both parents.<ref>Pigg, S. (2010, February 9). [https://www.thestar.com/life/health_wellness/2010/02/09/tough_love_from_texas.html Tough Love From Texas]. Toronto Star.</ref>
===Consensus report on shared parenting===
In 2014 Warshak's wrotearticle ''Social Science and Parenting Plans for Young Children: A Consensus Report'', was published by the [[American Psychological Association]] in the journal [[Psychology, Public Policy, and Law]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Warshak |first1=Richard WarshakA. |title=Social science and parenting plans for young children: A consensus report |journal=Psychology, [Public Policy, and Law |date=February 2014 |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=46–67 |url=https://www.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.166729.1392279984!/menu/standard/file/Warshak-Social%20Science%20and%20Parenting%20Plans%20for%20Young%20Children%20final%20ms%20distribution%20copy.pdf|doi=10.1037/law0000005 Social Science and Parenting Plans for Young Children: A Consensus Report], Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 2014}}</ref>, whichThe article summarizesummarized research on different child custody arrangements after divorce, recommending [[shared parenting]] in the vast majority of cases. The paper was endorsed by 110 leading researchers and practitioners, and was published by the [[ American Psychological Association]] in the journal [[Psychology, Public Policy, and Law]].<ref>[http://www.cleveland.com/opinion/index.ssf/2015/03/ohio_legislators_should_suppor.html Ohio legislators should support shared parenting and parental equality], by Professor Donald Hubin: “[T]he American Psychological Association published a report by prominent psychologist Richard Warshak, titled "Social Science and Parenting Plans for Young Children: A Consensus Report," that concluded shared parenting should be the norm. What's more, the conclusions were endorsed by 110 other researchers and practitioners, whomany addedof theirwhom namesheld toprominent theacademic paperand --research a rare occurrence in social sciencepositions."</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nielsen, L. (2015).|first1=Linda |title=Pop Goes the Woozle: Being Misled by Research on Child Custody and Parenting Plans, ''|journal=Journal of Divorce & Remarriage'', ''|date=2 December 2015 |volume=56'', |issue=8 |pages=595–633. DOI: |doi=10.1080/10502556.2015.1092349|s2cid=146201146 "In the group that endorsed the Warshak paper, there were 11 people who had held major office in professional associations, such as a former president of the American Psychological Association; 5 university vice-presidents, provosts, or deans; 14 professors emeriti; 17 department chairs; 61 full professors; 16 members of the American Board of Professional Psychologists (ABBP), and eight professors with endowed chairs. Others were leading attachment researchers, the current editor of the major journal on attachment, and leading daycare and early child development researchers."}}</ref>
==Positions and roles==
==Organizational service==
Warshak was a founding member and past president of the Dallas Society for Psychoanalytic Psychology and was the founding editor of the Dallas Society for Psychoanalytic Psychology Bulletin.<ref>Brix, D. J.(1994). [http://www.dspp.com/papers/brix.htm Dallas Society for Psychoanalytic Psychology: A brief history] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113073057/http://www.dspp.com/papers/brix.htm |date=2011-11-13 }}. In R. C. Lane and M. Meisels (Eds.), ''A History of the Division of Psychoanalysis of the American Psychological Association''. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.</ref>
==Media==
==Public education and media==
Warshak has written several op-ed columns published in U.S. newspapers, and online publications.<ref>[httpSee, e.g., {{cite news |last1=Warshak |first1=Richard A. |title=Making kids choose not wise in custody battles |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/opinion/commentary/sdut-custody-divorce-children-2016apr08-story.html Making|accessdate=21 kidsJanuary chose2020 not|work=San wiseDiego inUnion custodyTribune battles]</ref>|date=8 andApril in2016}}, 2010{{cite heweb was|title=Richard oneWarshak of the original team of authors invited to launch the Divorce section of the ''[[Huffington Post]].''<ref>[|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/richard-warshak/ The |website=Huffington Post: Richard|accessdate=21 January Warshak].2020}}</ref> He was one of the fourfive initial contributors selected to inaugurate the Child and Family Blog co-sponsored by [[Princeton University]], [[Brookings Institution]], [[University of Cambridge]], and the Jacobs Foundation.<ref>[{{cite web |title=Future of Children Launches Child and Family Blog |url=https://childandfamilyblogwws.comprinceton.edu/aboutnews-and-events/news/item/future-children-launches-child-and-family-blog About|website=Woodrow theWilson ChildSchool andof FamilyPublic Blog]& International Affairs |publisher=Princeton University |accessdate=21 January 2020|date=2014-07-18 }}</ref>
As an international guest commentator Warshak has contributed to media segments on custody disputes, parental alienation, child abuse, stepfamilies, celebrity divorces, child psychology, parenting, and helping children cope with fears and trauma. In 2006 he appeared in the [[PBS]] documentary ''Kids and Divorce''.<ref>PBS(2006). ''Kids and Divorce: For Better or Worse''.</ref> Warshak has been interviewed by majoron television networks in the United States, Canada, England, and Germanyprograms, including [[20/20 (U.S. TV series)|ABC 20/20]],<ref>http{{cite news |last1=Sancho |first1=Miguel |last2=Cuomo |first2=Chris |title=Fighting for Liam: Michael McCarty Rails Against Italian Courts for Not Protecting Son |url=https://abcnews.go.com/2020/ChrisCuomo/fighting-liam-fathers-custody-battle-continues/story?id=9315571</ref> [[NBC|accessdate=21 Today]],January [[Dateline2020 NBC]],|agency=ABC [[CBS]],News [[CNN]], [[BBC]], [[CTV Television Network|CTV]],date=10 [[FoxSeptember Broadcasting2009}}</ref> Company|Fox]],and Geraldo, andthe [[CourtTVPBS]]. Hisdocumentary workTV hasSpecial, been''Kids featured& inDivorce: internationalFor printBetter media inor the UWorse.S''.,<ref>{{cite Australia,press Canada,release Columbia,|last=Kane England,|first=Erin Germany,|title=Kids Israel,& Italy,Divorce: NewFor Zealand,Better andor Scotland,Worse including ''[[The New York Times]]'' (front page story),<ref>|url=https://www.nytimeskikim.com/learningwp-content/uploads/teachers2016/featured_articles09/20040809mondayKids-Divorce-Press-Release.html</ref>pdf ''[[The|publisher=Twin WashingtonCities Post]]''Public (coverTelevision story),and ''[[USAPBS Today]]''|access-date=2020-02-12}}</ref> (coverHis story),work [[Theand Sundayopinions Telegraph]],have ''[[Ilbeen Giornale]]'',discussed thein ''[[Toronto Star]]'', ''[[The Globenewspaper and Mail]]''magazine (front page and editorial)articles.<ref>See, ''[[Maclean's]]''e.g., ''[[The{{cite Age]]'',<ref>news|last1=Arndt,|first1=Bettina|title=Empty B. (2014days, Aprillonely 28). [httpnights|url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/empty-days-lonely-nights-20140428-37e3e.html|accessdate=21 EmptyJanuary days, lonely nights.] ''2020|agency=The Age''.</ref>|date=28 andApril [[Time (magazine)2015|''Time''author-link=Bettina magazine]]<refArndt}}, name="Time{{cite 1980"news /><ref>Paul,|last1=Rochmann P.|first1=Bonnie (2004,|title=The AugustSchwarzenegger 30). [httpKids://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,995006,00.html JointCoping Custodywith Blues].Parental ''Time''.</ref><ref>Rochman,Betrayal B.in (2011,the MayPublic 19).Eye [http|url=https://healthland.time.com/2011/05/19/the-schwarzenegger-kids-dealing-with-parental-betrayal-in-the-public-eye/ The|accessdate=21 SchwarzeneggerJanuary Kids:2020 Coping|agency=Time with|date=19 ParentalMay Betrayal2011}}, in{{cite thenews Public|last1=Paul Eye|first1=Pamela |title=Joint Custody Blues |url=http://content.]time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,995006,00.html ''|accessdate=21 January 2020 |agency=Time''. |date=30 August 2004}}</ref>
==Controversy==
Warshak helped develop the Family Bridges workshop programs for children and rejected parents.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Warshak |first1=Richard A. |title=Family Bridges: Using Insights from Social Science to Reconnect Parents and Alienated Children |journal=Family Court Review |date=January 2010 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=48–80 |doi=10.1111/j.1744-1617.2009.01288.x}}</ref> This type of program is controversial due to questions as to whether children should be forced to live with the rejected parent or be required to participate in any program or therapy predicated upon the belief that their rejection of a parent is unreasonable, or whether such mandates may be beneficial.<ref name=mercer>{{cite journal |last1=Mercer |first1=Jean |title=Examining Parental Alienation Treatments: Problems of Principles and Practices |journal=Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal |date=3 June 2019 |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=355–357 |doi=10.1007/s10560-019-00625-8|s2cid=254380668 }}</ref>
Warshak has suggested that when courts place irrationally alienated children in the custody of the parent whom they reject, some children benefit from assistance to adjust to the court ordered arrangement. Fidler and Bala concluded, “All severe and some moderate cases of alienation . . . are likely to require a different and more intrusive approach if the relationship with the rejected parent is not to be abandoned and the alienation is to be successfully corrected.”<ref>Fidler, B. J. & Bala, N. (2010). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1744-1617.2009.01287.x Children Resisting Postseparation Contact with a Parent: Concepts, Controversies, and Conundrums] ''Family Court Review'' P. 25.</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1744-1617.2009.01287.x | doi=10.1111/j.1744-1617.2009.01287.x | title=Children Resisting Postseparation Contact with a Parent: Concepts, Controversies, and Conundrums | year=2010 | last1=Fidler | first1=Barbara Jo | last2=Bala | first2=Nicholas | journal=Family Court Review | volume=48 | pages=10–47 }}</ref>
A fewSome children who participated in such programs haveassociated allegedwith thatWarshak theyhave were forced to repudiate their complaintscomplained about athe parent they rejectedexperience.<ref name=bundy>{{cite news |last1=Bundy |first1=Trey |title=Bitter custody |url=https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/bitter-custody/ |accessdate=12 March 2019 |agency=Reveal |publisher=The Center for Investigative Reporting |date=9 March 2019}}</ref><ref name=tabachnick>{{cite news |last1=Tabachnick |first1=Cara |title=They were taken from their mom to rebond with their dad. It didn’tdidn't go well |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/a-divorced-father-his-estranged-kids-and-a-controversial-program-to-bring-them-together/2017/05/09/b50ac6f6-204c-11e7-ad74-3a742a6e93a7_story.html |accessdate=11 March 2019 |agency=Washington Post |date=11 May 2017}}</ref> TheAccording results ofto a 2018 peer-reviewed study onauthored theby outcomeWarshak, ofmost Familyworkshop Bridgesleaders, withparents 83and children indicatein thatthe suchFamily allegationsBridges areprogram notreported typical of children’s reports of theirpositive experiences in the workshop.<ref>Warshak,{{cite R.journal A.| (2018). [url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10502556.2018.1529505 | doi=10.1080/10502556.2018.1529505 | title=Reclaiming Parent–Child Relationships: Outcomes of Family Bridges with Alienated Children | year=2019 | last1=Warshak | first1=Richard A.] ''| journal=Journal of Divorce & Remarriage | volume=60 | issue=8 | pages=645–667 | s2cid=149812670 }}</ref> Warshak''.s Fiveconclusions differenthave measuresbeen completedcalled byinto thequestion childrenbased affirmedupon thathis mostnot ofbeing a neutral observer, the childrenstudy's hadlack positiveof feelingsfollow-up,<ref>{{cite aboutnews the|last1=Hagerty experience|first1=Barbara andBradley about|title=Can theChildren workshopBe leaders.Persuaded to Love Buta 8%Parent ofThey theHate? children|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/12/when-a-child-is-a-weapon/616931/ rated|access-date=18 theMay workshop2022 as|work=The “poor,”Atlantic whereas|date=24 75%November of2020 the|language=en}}</ref> parentshis whoclaimed participatedevidentiary inbasis for the workshopFamily ratedBridges itprogram, asand “excellent”his reliance upon before-and-after 25%studies ratedinstead itof ascontrolled “goodstudies.”</ref name=mercer />▼
In the past Warshak provided traditional therapy and Family Bridges educational workshops to help children and custodial parents deal with the court-imposed transition of living together. Warshak now studies the outcome of such programs. Joan Kelly described the Family Bridges workshop as “a rigorous and disciplined approach designed to help participants repair severely derailed parent–child relationships. Family Bridges uses evidence-based instruction principles to maximize learning and create a safe atmosphere enabling the alienated child(ren) and rejected parent to be, and work, together.”<ref>Kelly, Joan B. (2010). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1744-1617.2009.01289.x Commentary on “Family Bridges: Using insights from social science to reconnect parents and alienated children.” (Warshak, 2010)] ''Family Court Review''. Kelly described the workshop’s lessons and materials as “drawn from universally accepted research in social, cognitive, and child developmental psychology, sociology, and social neuroscience.” (P. 83)</ref>
▲A few children who participated in such programs have alleged that they were forced to repudiate their complaints about a parent they rejected.<ref name=bundy>{{cite news |last1=Bundy |first1=Trey |title=Bitter custody |url=https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/bitter-custody/ |accessdate=12 March 2019 |agency=Reveal |publisher=The Center for Investigative Reporting |date=9 March 2019}}</ref><ref name=tabachnick>{{cite news |last1=Tabachnick |first1=Cara |title=They were taken from their mom to rebond with their dad. It didn’t go well |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/a-divorced-father-his-estranged-kids-and-a-controversial-program-to-bring-them-together/2017/05/09/b50ac6f6-204c-11e7-ad74-3a742a6e93a7_story.html |accessdate=11 March 2019 |agency=Washington Post |date=11 May 2017}}</ref> The results of a 2018 peer-reviewed study on the outcome of Family Bridges with 83 children indicate that such allegations are not typical of children’s reports of their experiences in the workshop.<ref>Warshak, R. A. (2018). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10502556.2018.1529505 Reclaiming Parent–Child Relationships: Outcomes of Family Bridges with Alienated Children.] ''Journal of Divorce & Remarriage''. Five different measures completed by the children affirmed that most of the children had positive feelings about the experience and about the workshop leaders. But 8% of the children rated the workshop as “poor,” whereas 75% of the parents who participated in the workshop rated it as “excellent” and 25% rated it as “good.”</ref>
==Selected publications==
Line 95 ⟶ 93:
* ''The Custody Revolution''. (1992). NY: Simon & Schuster.
* ''Divorce Poison: Protecting the Parent-Child Bond from a Vindictive Ex''. (2002). NY: HarperCollins. Hardcover, paperback, Kindle and other e-book editions.
* ''Divorce Poison: How to Protect the Parent-Child Bond from Bad-mouthing and Brainwashing''. (2010). NY: HarperCollins. Paperback, Kindle and other e-book editions. Foreign editions: Czech Republic, Croatia, Korea, Finland, Japan.
===ArticlesSelected articles===
* Santrock, J. W. & Warshak, R. A. (1979). Father custody and social development in boys and girls. ''Journal of Social Issues'', 35 (4), 112-125112–125.
* Santrock, J. W., Warshak, R. A. et al. (1982). Children’sChildren's and parents’ observed social behavior in stepfather families. ''Child Development'', 53 (2), 472-480472–480.
* Warshak, R. A. (1986). Father-custody and child development: A review and analysis of psychological research. ''Behavioral Sciences & the Law'', 4, 185-202185–202.
* Warshak, R. A. (19962000). GenderSocial BiasScience and Children's Best Interests in ChildRelocation CustodyCases: DecisionsBurgess Revisited. ''Family and Conciliation CourtsLaw ReviewQuarterly, 34'' (31), 396-40983–113.
* Warshak, R. A. (19992003). ObserversBringing ofSense Childhoodto SexualParental BehaviorAlienation: a Look at the Disputes and the Evidence. ''PediatricsFamily Law Quarterly, 10337'' (4), 853273–301.
* Warshak, R. A. (20002011). RemarriageParenting asby athe TriggerClock: The Best Interests of Parentalthe AlienationChild Syndrome.Standard, Judicial Discretion, and ''The American JournalLaw Institute's "Approximation Rule." "University of FamilyBaltimore TherapyLaw Review, 2841'' (1), 22983-241163.
* Warshak, R. A. (2000). Social Science and Children’s Best Interests in Relocation Cases: Burgess Revisited. ''Family Law Quarterly, 34'' (1), 83-113.
* Warshak, R. A. (2000). Blanket Restrictions: Overnight Contact Between Parents and Young Children. ''Family and Conciliation Courts Review, 38'' (4), 422-445. Reprinted in M. K. Pruett (Ed.), ''Overnights and Young Children: Essays from the Family Court Review'', 45- 65.
* Warshak, R. A. (2001). Current Controversies Regarding Parental Alienation Syndrome. ''American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 19'', 29-59.
* Warshak, R. A. (2002). Misdiagnosis of Parental Alienation Syndrome. ''American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 20,'' 31-52.
* Warshak, R. A. (2003). Bringing Sense to Parental Alienation: a Look at the Disputes and the Evidence. ''Family Law Quarterly, 37'', 273-301.
* Warshak, R. A. (2003). Payoffs and Pitfalls of Listening to Children. ''Family Relations, 52'' (4), 373-384.
* Warshak, R. A. (2007). Punching the Parenting Time Clock: The Approximation Rule, Social Science, and the Baseball Bat Kids. ''Family Court Review, 45'' (4), 600-619.
* Warshak, R. A. (2007). The Approximation Rule, Child Development Research, and Children’s Best Interests After Divorce. ''Child Development Perspectives, 1'', 119-125.
* Warshak, R. A. (2010). Family Bridges: Using Insights From Social Science to Reconnect Parents and Alienated Children. ''Family Court Review, 48'' (1), 48-80.
* Warshak, R. A. (2011). The Approximation Rule Survey: The American Law Institute’s Proposed Reform Misses the Target. ''State Bar of Texas Section Report: Family Law, Volume 2011-5 Fall'', 22-32.
* Hands, A. J. & Warshak, R. A. (2011). Parental Alienation Among College Students. ''The American Journal of Family Therapy, 39'', 431-443.
* Warshak, R. A. (2011). Parenting by the Clock: The Best Interests of the Child Standard, Judicial Discretion, and The American Law Institute’s “Approximation Rule.” "University of Baltimore Law Review, 41'' (1), 83-163.
* Warshak, R. A. (2013). In a Land Far, Far Away: Assessing Children’s Best Interests in International Relocation Cases. ''Journal of Child Custody, 10'', 295-324.
* Warshak, R. A., with the endorsement of 110 researchers and practitioners listed in the Appendix. (2014). Social Science and Parenting Plans for Young Children: A Consensus Report. ''[[Psychology, Public Policy, and Law]], 20'', 46-67.
* Warshak, R. A. (2015). Poisoning Parent-Child Relationships Through the Manipulation of Names. ''The American Journal of Family Therapy, 43'', 4-15.
* Warshak, R. A. (2015). Securing Children’s Best Interests While Resisting the Lure of Simple Solutions. ''Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 56'', 57-79.
* Warshak, R. A. (2015). Parental Alienation: Overview, Intervention, and Practice Tips. ''Journal of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers, 27'', in press.
* Warshak, R. A. (2015). Ten Parental Alienation Fallacies that Compromise Decisions in Court and in Therapy. ''Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 46'' (4), online first publication June 22, 2015235-249.
* Warshak, R.A. (2018) Night Shifts: Revisiting Blanket Restrictions on Children's Overnights with Separated Parents, Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 59, 282–323.
* Warshak, R.A. (2019) When Evaluators Get It Wrong: False Positive IDs and Parental Alienation, Psychology, Public Policy & Law, on line first October, 2019.
===Selected Book chapters===
* Warshak, R. A. & Santrock, J. W. (1983). Children of divorce: Impact of custody disposition on social development. In E.J. Callahan & K.A. McCluskey (Eds.), ''Lifespan Developmental Psychology: Non-normative Life Event''s. New York: Academic Press.
* Warshak, R. A. & Santrock, J. W. (1983). The impact of divorce in father-custody and mother-custody homes: The child’s perspective. In L. Kurdek (Ed.), ''Children and Divorce''. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
* Santrock, J. W. & Warshak, R. A. (1986). ''Development, relationships, and legal/clinical considerations in father-custody families''. In M.E. Lamb (Ed.), The Father’s Role: Applied Perspectives. New York: Wiley.
* Warshak, R. A. (1987). Father-custody families: Therapeutic goals and strategies. In M. Lindblad-Goldberg (Ed.), ''Clinical Issues in Single Parent Households''. Rockville, MD.: Aspen Publishers.
* Warshak, R. A. (1996). The Primary Parent Presumption. In G. Herman (Ed.), ''101+Practical Solutions for the Family Lawyer''. Chicago: American Bar Association.
* Warshak, R. A. (1999). Psychological Syndromes: Parental Alienation Syndrome. In R. Orsinger (Ed.), ''Expert Witness Manual''. Austin: State Bar of Texas Family Law Section.
* Warshak, R. A. (1999). Relocation Litigation: A Social Science Critique of Burgess v. Burgess. In R. Orsinger (Ed.), ''Expert Witness Manual''. Austin: State Bar of Texas Family Law Section.
* Warshak, R. A. (2003). Current Controversies Regarding Parental Alienation Syndrome. In W. von Boch-Gallhau, U. Kodjoe, W Andritsky, and P. Koeppel (Eds.), ''The Parental Alienation Syndrome: An Interdisciplinary Challenge for Professionals Involved in Divorce''. Berlin, Germany: VWB-Verlag für Wissenshaft and Bildung.
* Warshak, R. A. (2006). Social Science and Parental Alienation: Examining the Disputes and the Evidence. In R. A. Gardner, R. Sauber, and D. Lorandos (Eds.), ''The International Handbook of Parental Alienation Syndrome: Conceptual, Clinical and Legal Considerations''. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, LTD.
* Warshak, R. A. (2013). Severe Cases of Parental Alienation. In D. Lorandos, R. Sauber, and W. Bernet (Eds.), ''Parental Alienation: Handbook for Mental Health and Legal Professionals''. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, LTD.
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