Roy Baumeister: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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Later, Baumeister published evidence that the way people look for [[belongingness]] differs between men and women. Women prefer a few close and intimate relationships, whereas men prefer many but shallower connections. Men realize more of their need to belong via a group of people, or a cause, rather than in close interpersonal relations.<ref>{{cite journal |title= What do men want? Gender differences and two spheres of belongingness: Comment on Cross and Madson (1997).|url= http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/bul/122/1/38/}}</ref>

===Self -regulation===

Baumeister also researched self-regulation. He coined the term "[[ego depletion]]" to describe the evidence that humans' ability to self-regulate is limited, and after using it there is less ability (or energy) to self-regulate.<ref>Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998). Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1252-1265.</ref> Ego depletion has a general effect, such that exerting self-control in one area will use up energy for further regulation in other areas of life.<ref>Vohs, K., Baumeister, R., Schmeichel, B., Twenge, J., Nelson, N., & Tice, D. (2008). Making choices impairs subsequent self-control: A limited-resource account of decision making, self-regulation, and active initiative. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(5), 883-898</ref> Further research by Baumeister and colleagues has led to the development of the Strength Model of self-control, which likens this ego depletion to the tiredness that comes from physically exerting a muscle. A corollary to this analogy, supported by his research, is that self-control can be strengthened over time, much like a muscle.<ref>Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Tice, D. M. (2007). The strength model of self-control. Current Directions In Psychological Science, 16(6), 351-355</ref> The energy used up is more than metaphorical, however; his research has found a strong link between ego depletion and depletion of blood-glucose levels.<ref>Gailliot, M., Baumeister, R., DeWall, C., Maner, J., Plant, E., Tice, D., & Schmeichel, B. (2007). Self-control relies on glucose as a limited energy source: Willpower is more than a metaphor. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(2), 325-336.</ref> Baumeister also edited two academic books on self-regulation, ''Losing Control'' and ''Handbook of Self-Regulation'', and has devoted numerous experiments and journal papers to the topic. He also describes this research in a book, ''Willpower'', authored with former New York Times journalist John Tierney.