Sam Altman: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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| known_for = [[Loopt]], [[Y Combinator]], [[OpenAI]]

| title = {{ubl|CEO of OpenAI|Chairman of [[Oklo Inc.]]|Chairman of [[Helion Energy]]}}

| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]

| spouse = {{marriage|Oliver Mulherin|2024}}

| children =

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}}

'''Samuel Harris Altman''' (born April 22, 1985) is an American [[entrepreneur]] and [[investor]] best known as the [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]] of [[OpenAI]] since 2019 (he was [[Removal of Sam Altman from OpenAI|briefly fired and reinstated]] in November 2023).<ref name="openailp">{{Cite web |title=OpenAI LP |url=https://openai.com/blog/openai-lp/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190311161512/https://openai.com/blog/openai-lp/ |archive-date=March 11, 2019 |website=openai.com}}</ref> He is also the chairman of clean energy companies [[Oklo Inc.]] and [[Helion Energy]].<ref name="reuters spac">{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN2B71D2/ |title=Y Combinator's Sam Altman teams up with Michael Klein to launch SPAC looking to raise $1 billion |date=March 15, 2021 |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> Altman is considered to be one of the leading figures of the [[AI boom]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weil |first=Elizabeth |date=2023-09-25 |title=Sam Altman Is the Oppenheimer of Our Age |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/sam-altman-artificial-intelligence-openai-profile.html |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=Intelligencer |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mickle |first1=Tripp |last2=Metz |first2=Cade |last3=Isaac |first3=Mike |last4=Weise |first4=Karen |date=2023-12-09 |title=Inside OpenAI's Crisis Over the Future of Artificial Intelligence |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/09/technology/openai-altman-inside-crisis.html |access-date=2023-12-12 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-10 |title=Artificial: The OpenAI Story |url=https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/artificial-the-openai-story-21587cbd |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=Wall Street Journal|language=en-US}}</ref> He dropped out of [[Stanford University]] after two years and founded [[Loopt]], a mobile [[social networking service]], raising more than $30{{nbsp}}million in [[venture capital]]. In 2011, Altman joined [[Y Combinator]], a [[startup accelerator]], and was its president from 2014 to 2019.<ref name="wapo-2023">{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/11/22/sam-altman-fired-y-combinator-paul-graham/ |title=Sam Alman Fired from Y Combinator by Paul Graham |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=November 24, 2023 |archive-date=November 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123074819/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/11/22/sam-altman-fired-y-combinator-paul-graham/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early life and education ==

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=== Early career ===

In 2005, at the age of 19,<ref>{{cite web |last=Ankeny |first=Jason |date=April 25, 2015 |title=Meet Y Combinator's Bold Whiz Kid Boss |url=http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/244508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222150644/http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/244508 |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |accessdate=December 15, 2015 |website=[[Entrepreneur (magazine)|Entrepreneur]]}}</ref> Altman co-founded [[Loopt]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.loopt.com/about/company/executives |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216022416/http://www.loopt.com/about/company/executives/ |archive-date=February 16, 2012 |title=Executives |accessdate=December 15, 2015 |work=[[Loopt]]}}</ref> a location-based [[social networking service|social networking]] mobile application. As CEO, Altman raised more than $30{{nbsp}}million in [[venture capital]] for the company, including an initial investment of $5{{nbsp}}million from Patrick Chung of [[Xfund]] and his team at [[New Enterprise Associates]], which was later followed by investments from [[Sequoia Capital]] and [[Y Combinator]].<ref name=wsj2023>{{Cite news |last=Seetharaman |first=Deepa |date=December 24, 2023 |title=Sam Altman's Knack for Dodging Bullets—With a Little Help From Bigshot Friends |url=https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/sam-altman-openai-protected-by-silicon-valley-friends-f3efcf68 |url-access=subscription |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> In March 2012, after Loopt failed to gain traction with users, the company was acquired by the [[Green Dot Corporation]] for $43.4{{nbsp}}million.<ref>{{cite news |last=Vascellaro |first=Jessica E. |date=March 9, 2012 |title=Startup Loopt Lands with Green Dot |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2012/03/09/startup-loopt-lands-with-green-dot/ |url-status=live |accessdate=March 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313052152/http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2012/03/09/startup-loopt-lands-with-green-dot/ |archive-date=March 13, 2012}}</ref> The following month, Altman co-founded Hydrazine Capital with his brother, Jack Altman,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hydrazine Capital GP, LLC |date=February 14, 2023 |title=Form ADV - Uniform Application for Investment Adviser Registration and Report by Exempt Reporting Advisers. |url=https://reports.adviserinfo.sec.gov/reports/ADV/165781/PDF/165781.pdf |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=[[Securities and Exchange Commission]] |archive-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727205535/https://reports.adviserinfo.sec.gov/reports/ADV/165781/PDF/165781.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hydrazine Capital LP - Company Profile and News |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/1003986D:US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230727204255/https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/1003986D:US |archive-date=2023-07-27 |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |language=en}}</ref> which is still in operation.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Matthews |first1=Jessica |title=The University of Michigan wrote Sam Altman's venture capital firm a $75M check earlier this year for a new fund |url=https://fortune.com/2023/12/20/university-of-michigan-wrote-sam-altman-venture-capital-firm-75-million-check/ |access-date=16 March 2024 |publisher=Fortune}}</ref>▼

▲In 2005, at the age of 19,<ref>{{cite web |last=Ankeny |first=Jason |date=April 25, 2015 |title=Meet Y Combinator's Bold Whiz Kid Boss |url=http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/244508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222150644/http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/244508 |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |accessdate=December 15, 2015 |website=[[Entrepreneur (magazine)|Entrepreneur]]}}</ref> Sam Altman co-founded [[Loopt]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.loopt.com/about/company/executives |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216022416/http://www.loopt.com/about/company/executives/ |archive-date=February 16, 2012 |title=Executives |accessdate=December 15, 2015 |work=[[Loopt]]}}</ref> a location-based [[social networking service|social networking]] mobile application. As CEO, ~~Altman~~he raised more than $30~~{{nbsp}}~~ million in [[venture capital]] for the company, including an initial investment of $5~~{{nbsp}}~~ million from Patrick Chung of [[Xfund]] and his team at [[New Enterprise Associates]], ~~which was later~~ followed by investments from [[Sequoia Capital]] and [[Y Combinator]].<ref name=wsj2023>{{Cite news |last=Seetharaman |first=Deepa |date=December 24, 2023 |title=Sam Altman's Knack for Dodging Bullets—With a Little Help From Bigshot Friends |url=https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/sam-altman-openai-protected-by-silicon-valley-friends-f3efcf68 |url-access=subscription |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> In March 2012, after Loopt failed to gain ~~traction~~significant ~~with~~user ~~users~~traction, the company was acquired by the [[Green Dot Corporation]] for $43.4~~{{nbsp}}~~ million.<ref>{{cite news |last=Vascellaro |first=Jessica E. |date=March 9, 2012 |title=Startup Loopt Lands with Green Dot |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2012/03/09/startup-loopt-lands-with-green-dot/ |url-status=live |accessdate=March 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313052152/http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2012/03/09/startup-loopt-lands-with-green-dot/ |archive-date=March 13, 2012}}</ref> The following month, Altman co-founded Hydrazine Capital with his brother, Jack Altman,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hydrazine Capital GP, LLC |date=February 14, 2023 |title=Form ADV - Uniform Application for Investment Adviser Registration and Report by Exempt Reporting Advisers. |url=https://reports.adviserinfo.sec.gov/reports/ADV/165781/PDF/165781.pdf |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=[[Securities and Exchange Commission]] |archive-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727205535/https://reports.adviserinfo.sec.gov/reports/ADV/165781/PDF/165781.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hydrazine Capital LP - Company Profile and News |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/1003986D:US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230727204255/https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/1003986D:US |archive-date=2023-07-27 |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |language=en}}</ref> which is still in operation.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Matthews |first1=Jessica |title=The University of Michigan wrote Sam Altman's venture capital firm a $75M check earlier this year for a new fund |url=https://fortune.com/2023/12/20/university-of-michigan-wrote-sam-altman-venture-capital-firm-75-million-check/ |access-date=16 March 2024 |publisher=Fortune}}</ref>

Altman became a partner at Y Combinator, a startup accelerator that invests in a wide range of startups, in 2011, initially working there on a part-time basis.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Kate |date=2019-03-08 |title=Y Combinator president Sam Altman is stepping down amid a series of changes at the accelerator |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/03/08/y-combinator-president-sam-altman-is-stepping-down-amid-a-series-of-changes-at-the-accelerator/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028032045/https://techcrunch.com/2019/03/08/y-combinator-president-sam-altman-is-stepping-down-amid-a-series-of-changes-at-the-accelerator/ |archive-date=2020-10-28 |access-date=2019-03-18 |website=[[TechCrunch]] |language=en-US}}</ref> In February 2014, Altman was named president of Y{{nbsp}}Combinator by co-founder [[Paul Graham (computer programmer)|Paul Graham]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Loizos |first=Connie |date=November 6, 2015 |title=Garry Tan Says Goodbye to Y Combinator |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/11/06/garry-tan-says-goodbye-to-y-combinator/ |access-date=March 18, 2019 |website=[[TechCrunch]] |language=en-US |archive-date=November 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106180554/https://techcrunch.com/2015/11/06/garry-tan-says-goodbye-to-y-combinator/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In a 2014 blog post, Altman said that the total valuation of Y{{nbsp}}Combinator companies had surpassed $65{{nbsp}}billion, including [[Airbnb]], [[Dropbox (service)|Dropbox]], [[Zenefits]] and [[Stripe (company)|Stripe]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Altman |first=Sam |date=August 26, 2015 |title=YC Stats |publisher=[[Y Combinator]] |url=https://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-stats |url-status=live |accessdate=December 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151218203854/http://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-stats |archive-date=December 18, 2015}}</ref> In September 2016, Altman announced his expanded role as president of YC{{nbsp}}Group, which included Y{{nbsp}}Combinator and other units.<ref>{{cite web |last=Altman |first=Sam |date=September 13, 2016 |title=YC Changes |url=https://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-changes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155921/https://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-changes |archive-date=November 7, 2016 |accessdate=November 7, 2016 |work=[[Y Combinator]]}}</ref> Altman said that he hoped to expand Y{{nbsp}}Combinator to fund 1,000 new companies per year. He also tried to expand the types of companies funded by YC, especially "hard technology" companies.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chafkin |first=Max |date=April 16, 2015 |title=Y Combinator President Sam Altman is Dreaming Big |website=[[Fast Company]] |url=http://www.fastcompany.com/3044282/the-y-combinator-chronicles/california-dreamin |url-status=live |accessdate=July 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722024957/http://www.fastcompany.com/3044282/the-y-combinator-chronicles/california-dreamin |archive-date=July 22, 2015}}</ref> In October 2015, Altman announced YC{{nbsp}}Continuity, a $700{{nbsp}}million [[equity fund]] investing in YC{{nbsp}}companies as they matured.<ref>* {{cite news |date=October 15, 2015 |title=YC Continuity |url=http://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-continuity-fund |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151218203823/http://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-continuity-fund |archive-date=December 18, 2015 |accessdate=December 19, 2015 |publisher=Y Combinator}}▼

* {{cite news |date=October 15, 2015 |title=Y Combinator raises $700M to keep funding YC startups as they mature |url=https://venturebeat.com/2015/10/15/y-combinator-raises-700m-to-keep-funding-yc-startups-as-they-mature/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222185526/http://venturebeat.com/2015/10/15/y-combinator-raises-700m-to-keep-funding-yc-startups-as-they-mature/ |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |accessdate=December 19, 2015 |website=VentureBeat}}</ref> A week earlier, Altman had introduced Y{{nbsp}}Combinator Research, a non-profit research lab, and donated $10{{nbsp}}million to fund it.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-research |access-date=February 19, 2016 |title=YC Research | publisher=Y Combinator |date=October 7, 2015 |archive-date=February 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215225536/https://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-research |url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2019, YC{{nbsp}}announced Altman's transition from the president of the company to a less hands-on role as chairman of the board, for him to focus on OpenAI.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Loizos |first=Connie |date=March 9, 2019 |title=Did Sam Altman make YC better or worse? |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/03/09/did-sam-altman-make-yc-better-or-worse/ |access-date=February 3, 2020 |website=[[TechCrunch]] |language=en-US |archive-date=December 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191229100731/https://techcrunch.com/2019/03/09/did-sam-altman-make-yc-better-or-worse/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="blog.yc">{{Cite web |url=https://blog.ycombinator.com/updates-from-yc/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316222853/https://blog.ycombinator.com/updates-from-yc/ |archive-date=16 March 2019 |title=Updates from YC }}</ref> This decision came shortly after YC announced it would be moving its headquarters to San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Kate |date=March 8, 2019 |title=Y Combinator president Sam Altman is stepping down amid a series of changes at the accelerator |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/03/08/y-combinator-president-sam-altman-is-stepping-down-amid-a-series-of-changes-at-the-accelerator/ |access-date=February 3, 2020 |website=[[TechCrunch]] |language=en-US |archive-date=December 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191229105153/https://techcrunch.com/2019/03/08/y-combinator-president-sam-altman-is-stepping-down-amid-a-series-of-changes-at-the-accelerator/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="web.archive.org">{{Cite news |date=2024-01-12 |title=Sam Altman pushed out from OpenAI for not being 'candid' with board |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/sam-altman-fired-openai-candid-board-18499330.php |access-date=2024-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112010809/https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/sam-altman-fired-openai-candid-board-18499330.php |archive-date=January 12, 2024 |last1=Difeliciantonio |first1=Chase }}</ref> As of early 2020, he was no longer affiliated with YC.<ref name="wapo" /> It was later reported that Altman was fired from YC and had appointed himself chairman without authorization.<ref name=wsj2023/>▼

In April 2012, Altman co-founded [[Hydrazine Capital]] with his brother, Jack Altman.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hydrazine Capital GP, LLC |date=February 14, 2023 |title=Form ADV - Uniform Application for Investment Adviser Registration and Report by Exempt Reporting Advisers. |url=https://reports.adviserinfo.sec.gov/reports/ADV/165781/PDF/165781.pdf |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=[[Securities and Exchange Commission]] |archive-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727205535/https://reports.adviserinfo.sec.gov/reports/ADV/165781/PDF/165781.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hydrazine Capital LP - Company Profile and News |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/1003986D:US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230727204255/https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/1003986D:US |archive-date=2023-07-27 |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |language=en}}</ref> The venture capital firm is still in operation and focuses on early-stage tech investments.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Matthews |first1=Jessica |title=The University of Michigan wrote Sam Altman's venture capital firm a $75M check earlier this year for a new fund |url=https://fortune.com/2023/12/20/university-of-michigan-wrote-sam-altman-venture-capital-firm-75-million-check/ |access-date=16 March 2024 |publisher=Fortune}}</ref>

Altman co-founded Tools For Humanity in 2019,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Currie |first=Richard |date=2023-05-16 |title=Sam Altman rattles tin for Worldcoin crypto startup |url=https://www.theregister.com/2023/05/16/worldcoin_fundraising/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621083448/https://www.theregister.com/2023/05/16/worldcoin_fundraising/ |archive-date=2023-06-21 |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=The Register}}</ref> a company that builds and distributes systems designed to scan people's eyes to provide [[authentication]] and verify [[proof of personhood]] to counter fraud. People who agree to have their eyes scanned are compensated with a [[cryptocurrency]] called [[Worldcoin]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Nieva |first1=Richard |last2=Sethi |first2=Aman |date=2022-04-21 |title=Worldcoin Promised Free Crypto If They Scanned Their Eyeballs With "The Orb." Now They Feel Robbed. |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/richardnieva/worldcoin-crypto-eyeball-scanning-orb-problems |access-date=November 25, 2023 |website=BuzzFeed News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Guo |first1=Eileen |last2=Renaldi |first2=Adi |date=2022-04-06 |title=Deception, exploited workers, and cash handouts: How Worldcoin recruited its first half a million test users |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/04/06/1048981/worldcoin-cryptocurrency-biometrics-web3/ |access-date=November 25, 2023 |website=MIT Technology Review |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=You Can Get This Free Crypto—If the 'Orb' Scans Your Eye |date=2021-10-21 |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629192434/https://www.wired.com/story/get-free-crypto-orb-scans-eye/ |archive-date=2023-06-29 |url-status=live |url=https://www.wired.com/story/get-free-crypto-orb-scans-eye/ |access-date=November 25, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hart |first=Robert |title=What Is Worldcoin? Here's What To Know About The Eyeball-Scanning Crypto Project Launched By OpenAI's Sam Altman |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2023/07/24/what-is-worldcoin-heres-what-to-know-about-the-eyeball-scanning-crypto-project-launched-by-openais-sam-altman/ |date=July 24, 2023 |access-date=November 25, 2023 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725182537/https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2023/07/24/what-is-worldcoin-heres-what-to-know-about-the-eyeball-scanning-crypto-project-launched-by-openais-sam-altman/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Tools For Humanity describes its cryptocurrency as similar to [[universal basic income]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 21, 2021 |title=How the Launch Works |url=https://worldcoin.org/blog/worldcoin/how-the-launch-works |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525211110/https://worldcoin.org/blog/worldcoin/how-the-launch-works |archive-date=May 25, 2023 |access-date=July 25, 2023 |website=Worldcoin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-27 |title=Opening the Orb: A look inside Worldcoin's biometric imaging device |url=https://worldcoin.org/blog/engineering/opening-orb-look-inside-worldcoin-biometric-imaging-device |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230213003550/https://worldcoin.org/blog/engineering/opening-orb-look-inside-worldcoin-biometric-imaging-device |archive-date=2023-02-13 |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=Worldcoin}}</ref> A Hong Kong regulator directed Worldcoin to cease operations there because scanning and collecting iris and face images of the public using its devices was "unnecessary and excessive".<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=May 23, 2024 |title=Hong Kong regulator directs Worldcoin to cease operations citing privacy concerns |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/hong-kong-regulator-directs-worldcoin-cease-operations-citing-privacy-concerns-2024-05-22/ |access-date=30 May 2024 |work=Reuters}}</ref> ▼

▲In 2011, Altman became a partner at [[Y Combinator]] (YC), a startup accelerator that invests in a wide range of startups~~, in 2011~~, initially working ~~there~~ on a part-time basis.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Kate |date=2019-03-08 |title=Y Combinator president Sam Altman is stepping down amid a series of changes at the accelerator |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/03/08/y-combinator-president-sam-altman-is-stepping-down-amid-a-series-of-changes-at-the-accelerator/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028032045/https://techcrunch.com/2019/03/08/y-combinator-president-sam-altman-is-stepping-down-amid-a-series-of-changes-at-the-accelerator/ |archive-date=2020-10-28 |access-date=2019-03-18 |website=[[TechCrunch]] |language=en-US}}</ref> In February 2014, ~~Altman~~he was named president of ~~Y{{nbsp}}Combinator~~YC by co-founder [[Paul Graham (computer programmer)|Paul Graham]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Loizos |first=Connie |date=November 6, 2015 |title=Garry Tan Says Goodbye to Y Combinator |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/11/06/garry-tan-says-goodbye-to-y-combinator/ |access-date=March 18, 2019 |website=[[TechCrunch]] |language=en-US |archive-date=November 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106180554/https://techcrunch.com/2015/11/06/garry-tan-says-goodbye-to-y-combinator/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In a 2014 blog post, Altman ~~said~~stated that the total valuation of ~~Y{{nbsp}}Combinator~~YC companies had surpassed $65~~{{nbsp}}~~ billion, including [[Airbnb]], [[Dropbox (service)|Dropbox]], [[Zenefits]], and [[Stripe (company)|Stripe]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Altman |first=Sam |date=August 26, 2015 |title=YC Stats |publisher=[[Y Combinator]] |url=https://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-stats |url-status=live |accessdate=December 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151218203854/http://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-stats |archive-date=December 18, 2015}}</ref> In September 2016, Altman announced his expanded role as president of YC{{nbsp}}Group, which included Y{{nbsp}}Combinator and other units.<ref>{{cite web |last=Altman |first=Sam |date=September 13, 2016 |title=YC Changes |url=https://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-changes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155921/https://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-changes |archive-date=November 7, 2016 |accessdate=November 7, 2016 |work=[[Y Combinator]]}}</ref> Altman said that heHe ~~hoped~~aimed to expand ~~Y{{nbsp}}Combinator~~YC to fund 1,000 new companies per year. Heand ~~also tried~~sought to ~~expand~~broaden the types of companies funded, byparticularly ~~YC,~~focusing ~~especially~~on "hard technology" ~~companies~~startups.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chafkin |first=Max |date=April 16, 2015 |title=Y Combinator President Sam Altman is Dreaming Big |website=[[Fast Company]] |url=http://www.fastcompany.com/3044282/the-y-combinator-chronicles/california-dreamin |url-status=live |accessdate=July 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722024957/http://www.fastcompany.com/3044282/the-y-combinator-chronicles/california-dreamin |archive-date=July 22, 2015}}</ref> In October 2015, Altman announced YC{{nbsp}}Continuity, a $700{{nbsp}}million [[equity fund]] investing in YC{{nbsp}}companies as they matured.<ref>* {{cite news |date=October 15, 2015 |title=YC Continuity |url=http://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-continuity-fund |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151218203823/http://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-continuity-fund |archive-date=December 18, 2015 |accessdate=December 19, 2015 |publisher=Y Combinator}}

Altman has several other investments in companies including ''[[Humane Inc.|Humane]]'', the world's first wearable computer powered by AI; ''Retro Biosciences'', a research company aiming to extend human life by 10 years; and ''[[Helion Energy]]'', an American fusion research company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sam Altman invested $180 million into a company trying to delay death |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/03/08/1069523/sam-altman-investment-180-million-retro-biosciences-longevity-death/ |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=MIT Technology Review |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2023-12-23 |title=ChatGPT-powered Humane Ai Pin to be shipped in March 2024: Check price, features |url=https://www.livemint.com/ai/sam-altmans-humane-prepares-to-ship-chatgpt-powered-ai-pin-check-price-and-features-11703333788540.html |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>▼

In October 2015, Altman announced [[YC Continuity]], a $700 million [[equity fund]] designed to invest in YC companies as they matured.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 15, 2015 |title=YC Continuity |url=http://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-continuity-fund |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151218203823/http://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-continuity-fund |archive-date=December 18, 2015 |accessdate=December 19, 2015 |publisher=Y Combinator}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=October 15, 2015 |title=Y Combinator raises $700M to keep funding YC startups as they mature |url=https://venturebeat.com/2015/10/15/y-combinator-raises-700m-to-keep-funding-yc-startups-as-they-mature/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222185526/http://venturebeat.com/2015/10/15/y-combinator-raises-700m-to-keep-funding-yc-startups-as-they-mature/ |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |accessdate=December 19, 2015 |website=VentureBeat}}</ref> A week earlier, he had introduced [[Y Combinator Research]], a non-profit research lab, donating $10 million of his own funds to establish it.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-research |access-date=February 19, 2016 |title=YC Research | publisher=Y Combinator |date=October 7, 2015 |archive-date=February 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215225536/https://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-research |url-status=live}}</ref>

In December 2015, Altman co-founded [[OpenAI]], an artificial intelligence research organization, alongside notable figures such as [[Elon Musk]], [[Jessica Livingston]], and [[Peter Thiel]]. OpenAI was established with the goal of promoting and developing friendly AI for the benefit of humanity.<ref>{{cite web |title=OpenAI |url=https://openai.com/about/ |access-date=November 25, 2023 |website=OpenAI}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Metz |first=Cade |date=December 11, 2015 |title=Elon Musk and Sam Altman Found OpenAI, a Non-Profit Artificial Intelligence Research Company |url=https://www.wired.com/2015/12/elon-musk-and-sam-altman-founding-non-profit-artificial-intelligence-research-company/ |work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |access-date=November 25, 2023}}</ref> The organization was initially funded with $1 billion in commitments from its founders and other investors, including Microsoft and Amazon Web Services.

In September 2016, Altman announced his expanded role as president of YC Group, which included Y Combinator and other units.<ref>{{cite web |last=Altman |first=Sam |date=September 13, 2016 |title=YC Changes |url=https://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-changes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155921/https://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-changes |archive-date=November 7, 2016 |accessdate=November 7, 2016 |work=[[Y Combinator]]}}</ref>

▲* {{cite news |date=October 15, 2015 |title=Y Combinator raises $700M to keep funding YC startups as they mature |url=https://venturebeat.com/2015/10/15/y-combinator-raises-700m-to-keep-funding-yc-startups-as-they-mature/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222185526/http://venturebeat.com/2015/10/15/y-combinator-raises-700m-to-keep-funding-yc-startups-as-they-mature/ |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |accessdate=December 19, 2015 |website=VentureBeat}}</ref> A week earlier, Altman had introduced Y{{nbsp}}Combinator Research, a non-profit research lab, and donated $10{{nbsp}}million to fund it.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-research |access-date=February 19, 2016 |title=YC Research | publisher=Y Combinator |date=October 7, 2015 |archive-date=February 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215225536/https://blog.ycombinator.com/yc-research |url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2019, YC~~{{nbsp}}~~ announced Altman's transition from ~~the~~ president ~~of the company~~ to a less hands-on role as chairman of the board, ~~for~~allowing him to focus on OpenAI.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Loizos |first=Connie |date=March 9, 2019 |title=Did Sam Altman make YC better or worse? |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/03/09/did-sam-altman-make-yc-better-or-worse/ |access-date=February 3, 2020 |website=[[TechCrunch]] |language=en-US |archive-date=December 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191229100731/https://techcrunch.com/2019/03/09/did-sam-altman-make-yc-better-or-worse/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="blog.yc">{{Cite web |url=https://blog.ycombinator.com/updates-from-yc/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316222853/https://blog.ycombinator.com/updates-from-yc/ |archive-date=16 March 2019 |title=Updates from YC }}</ref> This decision came shortly after YC announced it would be moving its headquarters to San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Kate |date=March 8, 2019 |title=Y Combinator president Sam Altman is stepping down amid a series of changes at the accelerator |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/03/08/y-combinator-president-sam-altman-is-stepping-down-amid-a-series-of-changes-at-the-accelerator/ |access-date=February 3, 2020 |website=[[TechCrunch]] |language=en-US |archive-date=December 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191229105153/https://techcrunch.com/2019/03/08/y-combinator-president-sam-altman-is-stepping-down-amid-a-series-of-changes-at-the-accelerator/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As of early 2020, he was no longer affiliated with YC.<ref name="~~web.archive.org~~wapo-2020">{{Cite news |~~date~~last=~~2024-01-12~~McGregor |~~title~~first=~~Sam~~Jena ~~Altman~~|date=February ~~pushed~~21, ~~out~~2020 ~~from~~|title=Y ~~OpenAI~~Combinator ~~for~~president ~~not~~Sam ~~being~~Altman ~~'candid'~~steps ~~with~~down ~~board~~to ~~|newspaper=San~~focus ~~Francisco~~on ~~Chronicle~~OpenAI |url=https://www.~~sfchronicle~~washingtonpost.com/~~bayarea~~technology/~~article~~2020/~~sam-altman-fired-openai-candid-board-18499330.php |access-date=2024-~~02~~-07 |archive-url=https:~~/~~/web.archive.org/web/20240112010809/https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article~~21/sam-altman-~~fired~~steps-~~openai~~down-~~candid~~y-~~board-18499330.php~~combinator/ |~~archive~~access-date=~~January~~November 1225, ~~2024~~2023 |~~last1~~newspaper=~~Difeliciantonio~~The ~~|first1=Chase~~Washington Post}}</ref~~> As of early 2020, he was no longer affiliated with YC.<ref name="wapo" /~~> It was later reported that Altman was fired from YC and had appointed himself chairman without authorization.<ref name=wsj2023/>

▲In 2019, Altman co-founded [[Tools For Humanity ~~in 2019~~]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Currie |first=Richard |date=2023-05-16 |title=Sam Altman rattles tin for Worldcoin crypto startup |url=https://www.theregister.com/2023/05/16/worldcoin_fundraising/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621083448/https://www.theregister.com/2023/05/16/worldcoin_fundraising/ |archive-date=2023-06-21 |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=The Register}}</ref> a company that builds and distributes systems designed to scan people's eyes to provide [[authentication]] and verify [[proof of personhood]] to counter fraud. ~~People~~Participants who agree to have their eyes scanned are compensated with a [[cryptocurrency]] called [[Worldcoin]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Nieva |first1=Richard |last2=Sethi |first2=Aman |date=2022-04-21 |title=Worldcoin Promised Free Crypto If They Scanned Their Eyeballs With "The Orb." Now They Feel Robbed. |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/richardnieva/worldcoin-crypto-eyeball-scanning-orb-problems |access-date=November 25, 2023 |website=BuzzFeed News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Guo |first1=Eileen |last2=Renaldi |first2=Adi |date=2022-04-06 |title=Deception, exploited workers, and cash handouts: How Worldcoin recruited its first half a million test users |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/04/06/1048981/worldcoin-cryptocurrency-biometrics-web3/ |access-date=November 25, 2023 |website=MIT Technology Review |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=You Can Get This Free Crypto—If the 'Orb' Scans Your Eye |date=2021-10-21 |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629192434/https://www.wired.com/story/get-free-crypto-orb-scans-eye/ |archive-date=2023-06-29 |url-status=live |url=https://www.wired.com/story/get-free-crypto-orb-scans-eye/ |access-date=November 25, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hart |first=Robert |title=What Is Worldcoin? Here's What To Know About The Eyeball-Scanning Crypto Project Launched By OpenAI's Sam Altman |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2023/07/24/what-is-worldcoin-heres-what-to-know-about-the-eyeball-scanning-crypto-project-launched-by-openais-sam-altman/ |date=July 24, 2023 |access-date=November 25, 2023 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725182537/https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2023/07/24/what-is-worldcoin-heres-what-to-know-about-the-eyeball-scanning-crypto-project-launched-by-openais-sam-altman/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Tools For Humanity describes its cryptocurrency as similar to [[universal basic income]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 21, 2021 |title=How the Launch Works |url=https://worldcoin.org/blog/worldcoin/how-the-launch-works |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525211110/https://worldcoin.org/blog/worldcoin/how-the-launch-works |archive-date=May 25, 2023 |access-date=July 25, 2023 |website=Worldcoin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-27 |title=Opening the Orb: A look inside Worldcoin's biometric imaging device |url=https://worldcoin.org/blog/engineering/opening-orb-look-inside-worldcoin-biometric-imaging-device |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230213003550/https://worldcoin.org/blog/engineering/opening-orb-look-inside-worldcoin-biometric-imaging-device |archive-date=2023-02-13 |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=Worldcoin}}</ref> A Hong Kong regulator directed Worldcoin to cease operations there, ~~because~~stating that scanning and collecting iris and face images ~~of the public using its devices~~ was "unnecessary and excessive".<ref>{{Cite news ~~|last=~~ |date=May 23, 2024 |title=Hong Kong regulator directs Worldcoin to cease operations citing privacy concerns |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/hong-kong-regulator-directs-worldcoin-cease-operations-citing-privacy-concerns-2024-05-22/ |access-date=30 May 2024 |work=Reuters}}</ref>

▲Altman has several other investments in companies including ''[[Humane Inc.|Humane]]'', ~~the~~which ~~world's~~is ~~first~~developing a wearable ~~computer~~ AI-powered ~~by AI~~device; ''Retro Biosciences'', a research company aiming to extend human life by 10 years; ~~and ''[[Helion Energy]]'', an American fusion research company.~~<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sam Altman invested $180 million into a company trying to delay death |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/03/08/1069523/sam-altman-investment-180-million-retro-biosciences-longevity-death/ |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=MIT Technology Review |language=en}}</ref>~~<ref>{{Cite~~ ~~web~~and ~~|last=Livemint~~''[[Helion ~~|date=2023-12-23~~Energy]]'', ~~|title=ChatGPT-powered~~an ~~Humane~~American Aifusion ~~Pin~~research ~~to be shipped in March 2024: Check price, features |url=https://www~~company.~~livemint.com/ai/sam-altmans-humane-prepares-to-ship-chatgpt-powered-ai-pin-check-price-and-features-11703333788540.html |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>~~

=== OpenAI ===

[[File:The_Prime_Minister_meets_with_AI_developers.jpg|thumb|Then-British Prime Minister [[Rishi Sunak]] meets with [[Demis Hassabis]], CEO of [[DeepMind]], [[Dario Amodei]], CEO of [[Anthropic]], and Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI. May 2023.]]

[[OpenAI]] was initially funded by Altman, [[Greg Brockman]], [[Elon Musk]], [[Jessica Livingston]], [[Peter Thiel]], [[Microsoft]], [[Amazon Web Services]], [[Infosys]] and YC{{nbsp}}Research. When OpenAI launched in 2015, it had raised $1{{nbsp}}billion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olanoff |first=Drew |date=December 11, 2015 |title=Artificial Intelligence Nonprofit OpenAI Launches With Backing From Elon Musk And Sam Altman |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/12/11/non-profit-openai-launches-with-backing-from-elon-musk-and-sam-altman/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020165718/https://techcrunch.com/2015/12/11/non-profit-openai-launches-with-backing-from-elon-musk-and-sam-altman/ |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=[[TechCrunch]] |language=en-US}}</ref> In March 2019, Altman left Y Combinator to focus full-time on OpenAI as CEO.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=De Vynck |first=Gerrit |date=April 9, 2023 |title=The man who unleashed AI on an unsuspecting Silicon Valley |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/04/09/sam-altman-openai-chatgpt/ |access-date=April 13, 2023 |archive-date=April 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409214006/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/04/09/sam-altman-openai-chatgpt/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="openailp" /> By the summer of 2019, he had helped raise $1 billion from Microsoft.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cade |first=Metz |date=July 22, 2019 |title=With $1 Billion From Microsoft, an A.I. Lab Wants to Mimic the Brain |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/22/technology/open-ai-microsoft.html |access-date=November 18, 2023 |archive-date=November 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118081825/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/22/technology/open-ai-microsoft.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Altman testified before the [[United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology and the Law]] on May 16, 2023, about issues of AI oversight.<ref>{{cite news |title=WATCH: OpenAI CEO Sam Altman testifies before Senate Judiciary Committee |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-live-openai-ceo-sam-altman-testifies-before-senate-judiciary-committee |access-date=19 June 2023 |work=PBS NewsHour |date=15 May 2023 |language=en-us |archive-date=June 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619061942/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-live-openai-ceo-sam-altman-testifies-before-senate-judiciary-committee |url-status=live }}</ref>

After the success of [[ChatGPT]], the company's chatbot application, Altman made a world tour in May 2023, during which he visited 22 countries and met multiple leaders and diplomats, including British prime minister [[Rishi Sunak]], French president [[Emmanuel Macron]], Spanish prime minister [[Pedro Sánchez]], German chancellor [[Olaf Scholz]], Indian prime minister [[Narendra Modi]], South Korean president [[Yoon Suk-yeol]] and Israeli president [[Isaac Herzog]]. He stood for a photo with European Commission president [[Ursula von der Leyen]].<ref name=Intelligencer>{{Cite web|url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/sam-altman-artificial-intelligence-openai-profile.html|title=Sam Altman Is the Oppenheimer of Our Age|first=Elizabeth|last=Weil|date=September 25, 2023|website=[[New York Magazine#Intelligencer|Intelligencer]]|access-date=October 6, 2023|archive-date=October 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006154953/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/sam-altman-artificial-intelligence-openai-profile.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Removal and reinstatement as OpenAI CEO ====

On Friday, November 17, 2023, OpenAI's board, composed of researcher [[Helen Toner]], [[Quora]] CEO [[Adam D'Angelo]], AI governance advocate Tasha McCauley, and most prominently in the firing, OpenAI co-founder and chief scientist [[Ilya Sutskever]], announced that they had made the decision to remove Altman as CEO and Greg Brockman from the board, both of whom were co-founders.<ref name="web.archive.org">{{Cite news |date=2024-01-12 |title=Sam Altman pushed out from OpenAI for not being 'candid' with board |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/sam-altman-fired-openai-candid-board-18499330.php |access-date=2024-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112010809/https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/sam-altman-fired-openai-candid-board-18499330.php |archive-date=January 12, 2024 |last1=Difeliciantonio |first1=Chase }}</ref> The announcement cited that Altman "was not consistently candid in his communications" in a public announcement on the OpenAI blog.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://openai.com/blog/openai-announces-leadership-transition|title=OpenAI announces leadership transition|website=openai.com|access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=November 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117204036/https://openai.com/blog/openai-announces-leadership-transition|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="web.archive.org"/> In response, Brockman resigned from his role as President of OpenAI.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peters |first=Jay |date=2023-11-17 |title=Sam Altman fired as CEO of OpenAI |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/11/17/23965982/openai-ceo-sam-altman-fired |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117205233/https://www.theverge.com/2023/11/17/23965982/openai-ceo-sam-altman-fired |archive-date=November 17, 2023 |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref> The day after Altman was removed, ''[[The Verge]]'' reported that Altman and the board were in talks to bring him back to OpenAI.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last1=Das |first1=Shanti |last2=Connett |first2=David |date=2023-11-18 |title=Sam Altman 'was working on new venture' before sacking from OpenAI |language=en-GB |work=The Observer |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/nov/18/earthquake-at-chatgpt-developer-as-senior-staff-quit-after-sacking-of-boss-sam-altman |access-date=2023-11-19 |issn=0029-7712 |archive-date=November 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119005841/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/nov/18/earthquake-at-chatgpt-developer-as-senior-staff-quit-after-sacking-of-boss-sam-altman |url-status=live }}</ref> On November 20, Microsoft CEO [[Satya Nadella]] announced that Altman would be joining Microsoft to lead a new advanced AI research team.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/microsoft-ceo-says-sam-altman-will-be-joining-microsoft-2023-11-20/ |title=Microsoft CEO says Sam Altman will be joining Microsoft |date=20 November 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=[[Reuters]] |archive-date=November 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120083725/https://www.reuters.com/technology/microsoft-ceo-says-sam-altman-will-be-joining-microsoft-2023-11-20/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Two days later, OpenAI employees published an [[open letter]] to the board threatening to leave OpenAI and join Microsoft, where all employees had been promised jobs, unless all board members step down and reinstate Altman as CEO. 505 employees initially signed, which later grew to over 700 out of 770 total employees.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warren |first=Tom |date=2023-11-20 |title=Hundreds of OpenAI employees threaten to resign and join Microsoft |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/11/20/23968988/openai-employees-resignation-letter-microsoft-sam-altman |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref> This included Ilya Sutskever, who had previously advocated for firing Altman, but now had apologized stating on Twitter, "I regret my participation in the board's actions." Late in the night on November 20, OpenAI announced that they had reached an "agreement in principle" for Altman to return as CEO and Brockman to return as president.<ref name="verge patel heath">{{Cite web |last=Heath |first=Alex |date=2023-11-22 |title=Sam Altman to return as CEO of OpenAI |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/11/22/23967223/sam-altman-returns-ceo-open-ai |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref><ref name="NYT-reinstated">{{Cite news |last=Cade |first=Metz |date=Nov 22, 2023 |title=Sam Altman Is Reinstated as OpenAI's Chief Executive |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/22/technology/openai-sam-altman-returns.html |access-date=November 22, 2023 |archive-date=November 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122061926/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/22/technology/openai-sam-altman-returns.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The current board was to resign, other than D'Angelo, who was kept to represent the views of the previous board.<ref name="verge patel heath" />

On March 8, 2024, OpenAI announced that Altman would rejoin the board of directors after a review by law firm [[Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr|WilmerHale]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2024 |title=Review completed & Altman, Brockman to continue to lead OpenAI |url=https://openai.com/blog/review-completed-altman-brockman-to-continue-to-lead-openai |access-date=9 March 2024 |website=OpenAI}}</ref>

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=== Other endeavors ===

[[File:Human connection is still important to people Sam Altman.webm|thumb|Altman at the 2024 [[World Economic Forum]] ]]

For eight days in 2014, Altman was the CEO of [[Reddit]], a [[social media]] company, after CEO [[Yishan Wong]] resigned.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Acres |first=Tom |date=November 22, 2023 |title=Who is Sam Altman? The OpenAI boss and ChatGPT guru who became one of AI's biggest players |url=https://news.sky.com/story/who-is-sam-altman-the-openai-boss-and-chatgpt-guru-who-is-now-one-of-ais-biggest-players-12898698 |publisher=Sky News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=November 13, 2014 |title=A New Team At Reddit |publisher=Sam Altman |url=http://blog.samaltman.com/a-new-team-at-reddit |url-status=live |accessdate=February 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213043217/http://blog.samaltman.com/a-new-team-at-reddit |archive-date=February 13, 2015}}</ref> He announced the return of [[Steve Huffman]] as CEO on July 10, 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=An Old Team At Reddit |url=https://www.reddit.com/comments/3cucye/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226130417/https://www.reddit.com/comments/3cucye/ |archive-date=December 26, 2015 |access-date=July 13, 2015 |publisher=[[reddit]]}}</ref> He remained on its board until 2022.<ref name="fortune240222">{{Cite web |last=Robison |first=Kyle |date=February 22, 2024 |title=Sam Altman is set to be one of the biggest winners in Reddit's IPO, with a stake that could be worth $435 million |url=https://fortune.com/2024/02/22/sam-altman-third-largest-reddit-shareholder-ipo/ |work=Fortune |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240223162303/https://fortune.com/2024/02/22/sam-altman-third-largest-reddit-shareholder-ipo/ |archive-date=February 23, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Altman invested in multiple rounds of funding Reddit, in 2014, 2015, and 2021.<ref name="fortune240222" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Novet |first=Jordan |date=February 22, 2024 |title=OpenAI CEO Sam Altman stands to net millions as Reddit goes public |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/02/22/openai-ceo-sam-altman-stands-to-net-millions-as-reddit-goes-public.html |publisher=CNBC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312044331/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/02/22/openai-ceo-sam-altman-stands-to-net-millions-as-reddit-goes-public.html |archive-date=March 12, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Prior to Reddit's [[initial public offering]] in 2024, Altman was listed as its third-largest shareholder, with around nine percent ownership.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ghaffary |first=Shirin |date=February 22, 2024 |title=OpenAI's Altman Listed as Major Reddit Shareholder in IPO Filing |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-02-22/openai-s-altman-listed-as-major-reddit-shareholder-in-ipo-filing |publisher=Bloomberg News |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240301184232/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-02-22/openai-s-altman-listed-as-major-reddit-shareholder-in-ipo-filing |archive-date=March 1, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>

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Altman debuted on the ''[[Bloomberg Billionaires Index]]'' in March 2024 with an estimated net worth of $2 billion, primarily from his venture capital funds related to Hydrazine Capital.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Massa |first1=Annie |last2=Golpotthawela |first2=Vernal |date=March 1, 2024 |title=Sam Altman Is Worth $2 Billion—That Doesn't Include OpenAI |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-03-01/sam-altman-is-a-billionaire-thanks-to-vc-funds-startups |publisher=Bloomberg News |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240302052506/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-03-01/sam-altman-is-a-billionaire-thanks-to-vc-funds-startups |archive-date=March 2, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Sam Altman has recently expanded his investment portfolio to include stakes in over 400 companies, valued at around $2.8 billion~~. Although he doesn't own equity in OpenAI, his wealth is growing significantly through these investments~~. Some of these investments intersect with companies doing business with OpenAI, which has raised questions about potential conflicts of interest, though Altman and OpenAI maintain that these are managed transparently. Additionally, Altman has been involved in discussions about the future of AI, focusing on ethical challenges and the role of AI in scientific discovery.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}▼

~~=== Recent endeavors ===~~

▲Sam Altman has recently expanded his investment portfolio to include stakes in over 400 companies, valued at around $2.8 billion. Although he doesn't own equity in OpenAI, his wealth is growing significantly through these investments. Some of these investments intersect with companies doing business with OpenAI, which has raised questions about potential conflicts of interest, though Altman and OpenAI maintain that these are managed transparently. Additionally, Altman has been involved in discussions about the future of AI, focusing on ethical challenges and the role of AI in scientific discovery.

== Reception ==

[[File:Nancy Pelosi GLAAD 2017 2 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Nancy Pelosi]] presenting Altman with the Ric Weiland Award in 2017]]In 2017, Altman received an [[Honorary degree|honorary]] [[Doctor of Engineering]] degree from the [[University of Waterloo]] in Canada for supporting companies through its Velocity entrepreneurship program.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2017 |title=University of Waterloo to honour Silicon Valley leader Sam Altman |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/university-waterloo-honorary-doctorate-sam-altman-1.4143240 |access-date=22 March 2023 |website=[[CBC News]] |archive-date=March 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316232310/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/university-waterloo-honorary-doctorate-sam-altman-1.4143240 |url-status=live }}</ref> The government of [[Indonesia]] issued the country's first "golden visa", a 10-year border pass, to Altman in September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-06 |title=OpenAI CEO Receives Indonesia's First Golden Visa |url=https://www.finews.com/news/english-news/59151-sam-altman-openai-ceo-first-indonesia-golden-visa-asia |website=Finews |access-date=October 3, 2023 |archive-date=October 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004045224/https://www.finews.com/news/english-news/59151-sam-altman-openai-ceo-first-indonesia-golden-visa-asia |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2024, [[Xfund]] awarded Altman the annual Experiment Cup at an event at [[Harvard University]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Josephy |first1=Matan H. |last2=Ravi |first2=Akshaya |date=May 1, 2024 |title='That's the Miracle': OpenAI CEO Sam Altman Talks Undergrad Years, Future of AI at Harvard Event |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2024/5/2/sam-altman-open-ai-harvard/ |access-date=May 2, 2024 |work=[[The Harvard Crimson]]}}</ref>

In 2023, Altman was named one of the [[Time 100|100 most influential people in the world]] ~~and [[Time Person of the Year#CEO of the Year|CEO of the Year]] by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine,~~<ref>{{cite news |date=April 13, 2023 |title=Time 100 ~~|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]~~ |url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2023/ |~~access~~url-~~date~~status=~~April 15, 2023 |archive-date=April 13, 2023~~live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413151502/https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2023/ |~~url~~archive-~~status~~date=~~live~~April 13, 2023 |access-date=April 15, 2023 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> and [[Time Person of the Year#CEO of the Year|CEO of the Year]] by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Bajekal |first1=Naina |last2=Perrido |first2=Billy |date=December 6, 2023 |title=CEO of the Year 2023: Sam Altman |url=https://time.com/6342827/ceo-of-the-year-2023-sam-altman/ |~~title~~access-date=~~CEO~~December 6, 2023 |magazine=Time}}</ref> He was also on the Time's list of the ~~Year~~100 most influential people in AI in 2023<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-07 |title=TIME100 AI 2023: Sam Altman |~~last1~~url=~~Bajekal~~https://time.com/collection/time100-ai/6309022/sam-altman-ai/ |~~first1~~access-date=~~Naina~~2024-09-17 |~~last2~~website=~~Perrido~~Time |~~first2~~language=~~Billy~~en}}</ref> and in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |~~magazine~~last=~~Time~~Perrigo |first=Billy |date=~~December~~2024-09-05 6,|title=TIME100 ~~2023~~AI 2024: Sam Altman |url=https://time.com/7012759/sam-altman-2/ |access-date=~~December~~2024-09-17 6,|website=Time ~~2023~~|language=en}}</ref> He was one of the "Best Young Entrepreneurs in Technology" by ''[[Businessweek]]'' in 2008,<ref>{{cite news |date=April 18, 2008 |title=Tech's Best Young Entrepreneurs |work=[[Businessweek]] |url=http://images.businessweek.com/ss/07/03/0326_tech_entrepreneurs/source/9.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=April 19, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428015115/http://images.businessweek.com/ss/07/03/0326_tech_entrepreneurs/source/9.htm |archive-date=April 28, 2009}}</ref> and the top investor under 30 by ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |date=January 5, 2015 |title=Forbes' 30 Under 30 2015: Venture Capital |work=[[Forbes]] |editor-last=Wilson |editor-first=Alexandra |url=https://www.forbes.com/consent/?toURL=https://www.forbes.com/30-under-30/2022 |url-status=live |access-date=February 28, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220065135/http://www.forbes.com/30under30/#/venture-capital |archive-date=February 20, 2015}}</ref> Altman was invited to attend the [[Bilderberg Meeting]] in 2016,<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=June 9, 2016 |title=The World's Most Powerful and Secret Group, Explained |url=https://time.com/4362872/bilderberg-group-meetings-2016-conspiracy-theories/ |magazine=Time |access-date=May 26, 2023 |archive-date=June 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604145230/https://time.com/4362872/bilderberg-group-meetings-2016-conspiracy-theories/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2022 Bilderberg Conference|2022]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Participants 2022 |url=https://www.bilderbergmeetings.org/meetings/meeting-2022/participants-2022 |website=www.bilderbergmeetings.org |access-date=May 25, 2023 |archive-date=May 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525051855/https://www.bilderbergmeetings.org/meetings/meeting-2022/participants-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[2023 Bilderberg Conference|2023]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gilchrist |first=Karen |date=May 18, 2023 |title=A secretive annual meeting attended by the world's elite has A.I. top of the agenda |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/05/18/bilderberg-openai-microsoft-google-join-ai-talks-at-secretive-meeting.html |website=CNBC |access-date=May 25, 2023 |archive-date=May 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523124151/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/05/18/bilderberg-openai-microsoft-google-join-ai-talks-at-secretive-meeting.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Skelton |first=Charlie |date=May 20, 2023 |title=At Bilderberg's bigwig bash two things are guaranteed: Kissinger and secrecy |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/20/bilderberg-meeting-group-lisbon-kissinger |access-date=May 25, 2023 |archive-date=May 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523113156/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/20/bilderberg-meeting-group-lisbon-kissinger |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Walter Isaacson]] opined that Altman had "Musk-like intensity" and that it had been instrumental in the founding of [[Open AI|OpenAI]] in partnership with [[Elon Musk]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Elon Musk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6_mzEAAAQBAJ |via=Google Books |section-url=https://archive.today/20240117115412/https://twitter.com/WalterIsaacson/status/1747429713788707249 |pages=240–243 |chapter=Artificial Intelligence |last=Isaacson |first=Walter |date=13 Sep 2023 |publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]] |isbn=978-1-76142-262-1}}</ref> In late February 2024 Musk sued OpenAI and Altman, alleging they broke the company’s founding agreement by giving priority to profit over benefit to humanity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vipers |first=Gareth |date=1 March 2024 |title=Elon Musk Sues OpenAI, Sam Altman, Saying They Abandoned Founding Mission |url=https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/elon-musk-sues-openai-sam-altman-for-breach-of-contract-0864979d |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=Wall Street Journal}}</ref> A few days later OpenAI executives, including Altman, dismissed these claims in a blog post.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2024 |title=OpenAI and Elon Musk |url=https://openai.com/blog/openai-elon-musk |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=Open AI}}</ref> The post said that the startup received only $45{{nbsp}}million from Musk instead of his commitment of $1{{nbsp}}billion and that Musk proposed to merge it with Tesla.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Manish |date=6 March 2024 |title=OpenAI says Musk only ever contributed $45 million, wanted to merge with Tesla or take control |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/03/05/openai-response-elon-musk-lawsuit |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=TechCrunch}}</ref>

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In 2021, Altman's sister Annie wrote a message on [[Twitter]] accusing him of "sexual, physical, emotional, verbal, and financial abuse".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jusino |first=Teresa |date=2023-11-17 |title=Annie Altman Abuse Allegations Against Sam Altman, Explained |url=https://www.themarysue.com/annie-altmans-abuse-allegations-against-openais-sam-altman-highlight-the-need-to-prioritize-humanity-over-tech/ |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=The Mary Sue}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pahwa |first=Nitish |date=2023-11-17 |title=Everything We Know About OpenAI's Shocking Ouster of Sam Altman |url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/11/sam-altman-fired-openai-mira-murati.html |access-date=2024-05-23 |work=Slate |language=en-US |issn=1091-2339}}</ref>

Altman married engineer Oliver Mulherin in January 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |last=~~Kay~~Russell |first=Melia ~~Russell,~~|last2=Kay |first2=Grace |title=OpenAI CEO Sam Altman just got married |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/openai-ceo-sam-altman-married-oliver-mulherin-wedding-2024-1 |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> at their estate in Hawaii;<ref>{{cite web |title=OpenAI's Sam Altman ties knot with same-sex partner on $43M Hawaii estate |url=https://e.vnexpress.net/news/trend/openais-sam-altman-ties-knot-with-same-sex-partner-on-43m-hawaii-estate-4700419.html |work=VN Express |last=Le |first=Linh |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240115221324/https://e.vnexpress.net/news/trend/openais-sam-altman-ties-knot-with-same-sex-partner-on-43m-hawaii-estate-4700419.html |date=13 Jan 2024 |archive-date=15 January 2024 }}</ref> the pair also live in San Francisco's [[Russian Hill]] neighborhood and often spend weekends in [[Napa, California]].<ref name="SCMP 2023-11-24" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Metz |first=Cade |date=March 31, 2023 |title=The ChatGPT King Isn't Worried, but He Knows You Might Be |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/31/technology/sam-altman-open-ai-chatgpt.html |access-date=April 1, 2023 |archive-date=May 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518205534/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/31/technology/sam-altman-open-ai-chatgpt.html |url-status=live }}</ref> They committed to giving away most of their wealth by signing [[the Giving Pledge]] in May 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Valinsky |first=Jordan |date=May 28, 2024 |title=OpenAI's Sam Altman vows to give away most of his wealth through the Giving Pledge |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/28/tech/sam-altman-giving-pledge/index.html |publisher=[[CNN Business]] |access-date=June 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601101115/https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/28/tech/sam-altman-giving-pledge/index.html |archive-date=June 1, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Altman is an [[~~prepper~~Survivalism|apocalypse preparer]].<ref name="newyorker2016" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Russell |first1=Melia |last2=Black |first2=Julia |title=Inside OpenAI CEO Sam Altman's fixation on death and the apocalypse |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/sam-altman-pandemic-apocalypse-immortality-life-extension-openai-2023-4 |access-date=23 May 2023 |website=Business Insider |archive-date=May 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519023856/https://www.businessinsider.com/sam-altman-pandemic-apocalypse-immortality-life-extension-openai-2023-4 |url-status=live }}</ref> He said in 2016: "I have guns, gold, potassium iodide, antibiotics, batteries, water, gas masks from the [[Israel Defense Forces]], and a big patch of land in [[Big Sur]] I can fly to."<ref name="newyorker2016" />

===Politics===

''[[Recode]]'' reported that Altman might run for [[governor of California]] in the [[2018 California gubernatorial election|2018 election]], but he decided not to enter. In 2018, Altman announced "the United Slate", a political project to improve U.S. housing and healthcare policy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Romm |first=Tony |date=July 31, 2017 |title=Sam Altman will spend big on a new political movement to fix U.S. housing, health care and more |url=https://www.vox.com/2017/7/31/16066640/sam-altman-united-slate-health-care-housing-california-2018-midterm-elections-trump |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119221420/https://www.vox.com/2017/7/31/16066640/sam-altman-united-slate-health-care-housing-california-2018-midterm-elections-trump |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |access-date=January 19, 2023 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |language=en}}</ref> In 2019, Altman held a fundraiser at his home in San Francisco for 2020 Democratic presidential candidate and fellow tech entrepreneur [[Andrew Yang]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Russell |first=Melia |date=November 14, 2019 |title=Andrew Yang preached his tech-friendly gospel at Sam Altman's San Francisco house: You can't treat tech like oil companies and breaking up Amazon won't bring malls back |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/andrew-yang-talks-tech-san-francisco-sam-altman-fundraiser-2019-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702061954/https://www.businessinsider.com/andrew-yang-talks-tech-san-francisco-sam-altman-fundraiser-2019-11 |archive-date=July 2, 2020 |access-date=June 30, 2020 |website=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref> In May 2020, Altman donated $250,000 to [[American Bridge 21st Century]], a [[Political action committee|super PAC]] supporting Democratic presidential candidate [[Joe Biden]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tindera |first=Michela |title=Silicon Valley's Sam Altman Gave $250,000 To Democratic Super-PAC Supporting Biden |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/michelatindera/2020/05/22/silicon-valleys-sam-altman-gave-250000-to-democratic-super-pac-supporting-biden/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703062136/https://www.forbes.com/sites/michelatindera/2020/05/22/silicon-valleys-sam-altman-gave-250000-to-democratic-super-pac-supporting-biden/ |date=May 22, 2020|archive-date=July 3, 2020 |access-date=June 30, 2020 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Clear}}

Altman is a supporter of [[land value tax]]ation<ref>{{Cite web |title=national land value tax FTW! |url=https://twitter.com/sama/status/1584628826734460928 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=X (formerly Twitter)}}</ref> and the payment of [[universal basic income]] (UBI).<ref name="ubi">{{cite news |last1=Varanasi |first1=Lakshmi |last2=Niemeyer |first2=Kenneth |title=OpenAI's Sam Altman has a new idea for a universal basic income |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/openai-sam-altman-universal-basic-income-idea-compute-gpt-7-2024-5 |access-date=28 May 2024 |work=Business Insider |date=12 May 2024}}</ref> In 2021, he wrote a blog post titled, "Moore’s Law for Everything," which stated his belief that within ten years' time, AI could generate $13,500 of ~~monthly~~yearly UBI in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shead |first=Sam |date=2021-03-30 |title=Silicon Valley leaders think A.I. will one day fund free cash handouts. But experts aren't convinced |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/30/openai-ceo-sam-altman-says-ai-could-pay-for-ubi-experts-disagree.html |access-date=2024-02-05 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> In 2024, he suggested a new kind of UBI called "universal basic compute" to give everyone a "slice" of ChatGPT's computing power.<ref name="ubi" />

==References==

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[[Category:21st-century American businesspeople]]

[[Category:21st-century American Jews]]

[[Category:21st-century American ~~LGBT~~LGBTQ people]]

[[Category:21st-century American philanthropists]]

[[Category:American computer programmers]]

[[Category:American ~~LGBT~~LGBTQ businesspeople]]

[[Category:Businesspeople from Chicago]]

[[Category:Businesspeople from St. Louis]]

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[[Category:Gay Jews]]

[[Category:John Burroughs School alumni]]

[[Category:~~LGBT~~LGBTQ people from Missouri]]

[[Category:OpenAI]]

[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]

[[Category:Y Combinator people]]

[[Category:Artificial intelligence people]]