Science (journal): Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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{{Infobox Journal|title=Science

|abbreviation=None

|cover=[[image:ScienceMagCover23June2001 72.jpg|thumb|center|AJune 23, 2001 cover of ''Science'']]

|discipline=[[interdisciplinaryInterdisciplinary]]

|language=[[English language|English]]

|website=[http://www.sciencemag.org/ Content URL]<br/>

[http://www.sciencemag.org/feature/contribinfo/home.shtml Informational URL]<br/>

|publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science|AAAS]]

|country=[[United States|USA]]

|history=[[1880]] to present<br/>(3 series of volumes)

|ISSN=0036-8075

}}

'''''Science''''', is the [[scientificacademic journal|journal]] of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] (AAAS),and is considered one of the world's most prestigious [[scientific publicationsjournal]]s. PublishedThe weeklyjournal is [[peer-reviewed]], theis journalpublished weekly, and has a print subscriber base of around 130,000. Because institutional subscriptions and online access serve a larger audience, theits estimated readership is one million people [http://www.aaas.org/aboutaaas/]. ▼

{{Current-SCOTW}}

▲'''''Science''''', the [[scientific journal|journal]] of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] (AAAS), is one of the world's most prestigious scientific publications. Published weekly, the journal has a print subscriber base of around 130,000. Because institutional subscriptions and online access serve a larger audience, the estimated readership is one million people [http://www.aaas.org/aboutaaas/].

AlthoughThe itmajor isfocus mostof concernedthe withjournal is publishing reportsimportant oforiginal recent and importantscientific [[research]] findingsand research reviews, but ''Science'' is also known for publishingpublishes science-related news, opinions on [[science policy]] and other matters of interest to [[scientist|scientists]] and others who are concerned with the wide implications of [[science]] and [[technology]]. Although most scientific journals focus on a specific field, ''Science'' and its arch-rival ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' cover the full range of [[List_of_academic_disciplinesList of academic disciplines#Natural_sciencesNatural sciences|scientific disciplines]]. ''Science'' places special emphasis on [[biology]] and the [[biology|life sciences]] because of the expansion of [[biotechnology]] and [[genetics]] over the past few decades.

Although it is the journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences, membership in the AAAS is not required to publish in ''Science''. Papers are accepted from authors around the world. Competition to publish in ''Science'' is very intense, as aan article published in such a highly-cited journal can lead to attention and career advancement for the authors. Less than 10% of articles submitted to the editors are accepted for publication and all research articles are subject to [[peer review]] before they appear in the magazine.

''Science'' is based in [[Washington, D.C.]], [[USA]], with a second office in [[Cambridge]], [[England]].

==History==

''Science'' was founded by New York journalist John Michaels in [[1880]] with financial support from [[Thomas Edison]] and later from [[Alexander Graham Bell]]. However, the magazine never gained enough subscribers to succeed and ended publication in March of [[1882]]. Entomologist [[Samuel H. Scudder]] resurectedresurrected the journal one year later and had some success while covering the meetings of prominent American scientific societies, including the AAAS [http://archives.aaas.org/exhibit/origins4.php]. However, by 1894, ''Science'' was again in financial difficulty and was sold to psychologist [[James McKeen Cattell]] for $500.

In an agreement worked out by Cattell and AAAS secretary [[Leland O. Howard]], ''Science'' became the journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in [[1900]] [http://archives.aaas.org/exhibit/science2.php]. During the early part of the 20th century important articles published in ''Science'' included papers on fruit fly [[genetics]] by [[Thomas Hunt Morgan]], gravitational lensing by [[Albert Einstein]], and spiral nebulae by [[Edwin Hubble]] [http://archives.aaas.org/exhibit/science5.php]. After Cattell died in 1944, the ownership of the journal was transferred to the AAAS. [http://archives.aaas.org/exhibit/]

After Cattell's death, the magazine lacked a consistent editorial presence until Graham DuShane became editor in [[1956]]. Physicist [[Philip Abelson|Philip Hauge Abelson]], the co-discoverer of [[neptunium]], served as editor from [[1962]] to [[1984]]. Under Abelson the efficiency of the [[peer review]] process was improved and the publication practices were brought up to date [http://archives.aaas.org/exhibit/maturing3.php]. During this time, papers on the [[Project Apollo]] missions and some of the earliest reports on [[AIDS]] were published [http://archives.aaas.org/exhibit/change3.php].

Biochemist Daniel E. Koshland Jr served as editor from [[1985]] until [[1995]]. From 1995 until [[2000]], neuroscientist [[Floyd Bloom]] held the position of editor [http://archives.aaas.org/exhibit/change3.php]. Biologist [[Donald Kennedy]] became the editor of ''Science'' in 2000.

An article published in ''Science'' in [[2002]] on the neurotoxicity of the drug [[Ecstasy (drug)|MDMA]] ("ecstasy") caused some controversy when a mix-up of vials caused the paper to be retracted in [[2003]].

==Availability==

==Archive availability==

Full-textOnline versions of full-text archive articles isare not generally made available to the public. Full text is available online to AAAS members from the main journal website back to mid-1996. Individual and institutional subscriptions are also available for a fee (though it is significantly less expensive to simply join the AAAS and receive the magazine for free). The [http://www.sciencemag.org/ ''Science'' Websitewebsite] also gives free access to some articles as well as the complete table of contents of the current and past issues. PriorAccess to mid-1996,all articles on the Science website is free if the request comes from an IP address of a subscribing institution. Articles older than 5 to 6 years are available via [[JSTOR]] and recent articles older than 12 months are available via [[ProQuest]].

==See also==

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==External links==

*[http://www.sciencemag.org/ Official ''Science'' official Websitewebsite]

*{{JSTOR|name=Science|no=00368075}}

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[[ko:사이언스]]

[[ja:サイエンス]]

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[[zh:科學学 (雜誌杂志)]]