Soviet Union: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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{{redirect10|USSR|CCCP|Soviet}}

{{Infobox former country

|native_name=Союз Советских Социалистических Республик< {{br}} />''Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik''

|conventional_long_name=Union of Soviet Socialist Republics< {{br}} /><small>[[Official names of the Soviet Union|Other names]]</small>

|common_name=Soviet Union (USSR)

|continent=Eurasia

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|calling_code = 7

}}

{{Soviet Union sidebar}}

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===Revolution and foundation===

{{main|History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union (1917–1927)}}

Modern revolutionary activity in the Russian Empire began with the [[Decembrist Revolt]] of 1825. Although [[Russian serfdom|serfdom]] was abolished in 1861, it was done on terms unfavourable to the peasants and served to encourage revolutionaries. A parliament—the [[State Duma]]—was established in 1906 after the [[Russian Revolution of 1905]], but [[Tsar Nicholas II]] resisted attempts to move from [[Absolute monarchy|absolute]] to [[constitutional monarchy]]. [[Social unrest]] continued and was aggravated during [[World War I]] by military defeat and food shortages in major Soviet cities.

[[File:Lenin-Trotsky 1920-05-20 Sverdlov Square (original).jpg|thumb|left|[[Vladimir Lenin]] addressing a crowd in 1920.]]

A spontaneous popular uprising in [[Saint Petersburg|Petrograd]], in response to the wartime decay of Russia's economy and morale, culminated in the [[February Revolution]] and the [[Russian Revolution (1917)|toppling of the imperial government in March 1917]]. The [[tsarist autocracy]] was replaced by the Russian Provisional Government, which intended to conduct elections to the [[Russian Constituent Assembly]] and to continue fighting on the side of the [[Allies of World War I|Entente]] in World War I.

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===Stalin era===

{{main|History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)}}

[[File:Nonperson{{Multiple image|image1 = Voroshilov, Molotov, Stalin, with Nikolai Yezhov.jpg|thumbimage2 = The Commissar Vanishes 2.jpg|width = 160|footer = Stalin and [[Nikolai Yezhov]], head of the [[NKVD]]. After Yezhov was executed, he was [[Damnatio memoriae|edited out]] of the image.]]|direction = vertical}}

From its creation, the government in the Soviet Union was based on the [[Single-party state|one-party rule]] of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]].<ref>The consolidation into a single-party regime took place during the first three and a half years after the revolution, which included the period of [[War communism|War Communism]] and an election in which multiple parties competed. See Leonard Schapiro, ''The Origin of the Communist Autocracy: Political Opposition in the Soviet State, First Phase 1917–1922.'' Cambridge, MA: [[Harvard University Press]], 1955, 1966.</ref> After the economic policy of "[[War Communism]]" during the Russian Civil War, as a prelude to fully developing [[socialism]] in the country, the Soviet government permitted some private enterprise to coexist alongside nationalized industry in the 1920s and total food requisition in the countryside was replaced by a food tax (see [[New Economic Policy]]).