Space Shuttle Enterprise: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Space Shuttle ''Enterprise''}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=NovemberAugust 20222024}}
{{Infobox individual space vehicle
| name = ''Enterprise''
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| time = 20 m, 58 s above Earth
| travelled =
| fate = RetiredPrototype
| location = {{Unbulleted list|[[Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum|''Intrepid'' Museum]]|[[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]]}}
| previous = ''[[Space Shuttle Pathfinder|Pathfinder]]''
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Originally, ''Enterprise'' had been intended to be refitted for orbital flight to become the second space-rated orbiter in service.<ref name="tech"/> However, during the construction of {{OV|Columbia}}, details of the final design changed, making it simpler and less costly to build {{OV|Challenger|full=no}} around a body frame that had been built as a [[test article (aerospace)|test article]].<ref name="tech"/> Similarly, ''Enterprise'' was considered for refit to replace ''Challenger'' after the latter [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|was destroyed]], but {{OV|Endeavour|full=no}} was built from structural spares instead.<ref name="tech"/><ref name="name"/>
''Enterprise'' was restored and placed on display in 2003 at the [[Smithsonian Institution|Smithsonian]]'s new [[Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center]] in Virginia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/informal/features/F_Udvar_Hazy_Center.html |title=National Air and Space Museum Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center |publisher=NASA |date=October 23, 2003 |access-date=September 30, 2015 |archive-date=January 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125165545/http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/informal/features/F_Udvar_Hazy_Center.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Following the [[Space Shuttle retirement|retirement]] of the Space Shuttle fleet, {{OV|Discovery|full=no}} replaced ''Enterprise'' at the Udvar-Hazy Center, and ''Enterprise'' was transferred to the [[Intrepid Sea, Air & SpaceMuseum|''Intrepid'' Museum]] in New York City, where it has been on display since July 2012.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/7/18/3168405/nasa-space-shuttle-enterprise-pictures-uss-intrepid-nyc |title=NASA Space Shuttle Enterprise aboard the USS Intrepid in pictures |work=[[The Verge]] |first=Dante |last=D'Orazio |date=July 18, 2012 |access-date=September 30, 2015 |archive-date=July 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709154804/https://www.theverge.com/2012/7/18/3168405/nasa-space-shuttle-enterprise-pictures-uss-intrepid-nyc |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Differences between ''Enterprise'' and future shuttles==
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|-
| 1976 September 17
| Rollout from Palmdale<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rKud6LngorQ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/rKud6LngorQ |archive-date=December 11, 2021 |url-status=live |title=Space Shuttle program orbiter 101 / Enterprise rollout ceremony September 17–18, 1976 |work=Youtube.com[[YouTube]] |author=PeriscopeFilm |date=January 13, 2021 |access-date=February 14, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
| 1976 October–November
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The mated ''Enterprise''/SCA combination was then subjected to five test flights with ''Enterprise'' uncrewed and unactivated. The purpose of these test flights was to measure the flight characteristics of the mated combination. These tests were followed with three test flights with ''Enterprise'' crewed to test the shuttle flight control systems.<ref name="tech"/>
On August 12, 1977, ''Enterprise'' flew on its own for the first time.<ref name="Futz1977">{{cite web |url=http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1977/Space-Shuttle-Enterprise/12361881614363-5/ |title=1977 Year in Review: Space Shuttle Enterprise |work=UPI.com |publisher=United Press International |first=Bob |last=Futz |year=1977 |access-date=January 9, 2013 |archive-date=January 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105184202/http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1977/Space-Shuttle-Enterprise/12361881614363-5/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Enterprise'' underwent four more free flights where the craft separated from the SCA and was landed under astronaut control. These tests verified the flight characteristics of the orbiter design and were carriedused outto undercarry out several aerodynamic and weight configurations.<ref name="ff"/> The first three flights were flown with a tailcone placed at the end of ''Enterprise''{{'s}} aft fuselage, which reduced drag and turbulence when mated to the SCA. The final two flights saw the tailcone removed and mockup main engines installed. On the fifth and final glider flight, [[pilot-induced oscillation]] problems were revealed, which had to be addressed before the first orbital launch occurred.<ref name="alt"/>
[[File:Enterprise lifted.jpg|thumb|upright|A crane hoists ''Enterprise'' into the [[Saturn V Dynamic Test Stand|Dynamic Structural Test Facility]] to undergo dynamic testing in launch configuration.]]
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===PreparationFit for STS-1checks===
[[File:Enterprise KSC 1979.jpg|thumb|upright|''Enterprise'' visited padKennedy 39Space Center LC-A39A in launch configuration 20 months before the first Shuttle launch.<ref name="image">{{cite web |url=http://images.ksc.nasa.gov/photos/1979/captions/KSC-79PC-0274.html |title=Shuttle Orbiter Enterprise on Launch Complex 39 |work=NASA.gov |date=June 1, 1979 |access-date=January 21, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071124130246/http://images.ksc.nasa.gov/photos/1979/captions/KSC-79PC-0274.html |archive-date=November 24, 2007}}</ref>]]
Following the MGVT program and with the decision to not use ''Enterprise'' for orbital missions, it was ferried to [[Kennedy Space Center]] on April 10, 1979. By June 1979, it was again mated with an external tank and solid rocket boosters (known as a [[Boilerplate (spaceflight)|boilerplate]] configuration) and tested in a launch configuration at [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39|KSC Launch Complex 39A]] for a series of fit checks of the facilities there.<ref name="name" />
After this period, ''Enterprise'' was returned to NASA's [[Dryden Flight Research Facility]] in September 1981.<ref name="ksc-pao-ent">{{cite web |url=http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/resources/orbiters/enterprise.html |title=Enterprise (OV-101) |work=NASA.gov |date=October 3, 2000 |access-date=November 7, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515233902/http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/resources/orbiters/enterprise.html |archive-date=May 15, 2012}}</ref> In 1983 and 1984, ''Enterprise'' underwent an international tour visiting [[France]], [[West Germany]], [[Italy]], the [[United Kingdom]], and [[Canada]]. ''Enterprise'' also visited [[California]], [[Alabama]], and [[Louisiana]] (while visiting the [[1984 Louisiana World Exposition]]). It was then used to fit-check the
[[Vandenberg AFB Space Launch Complex 6File:Space_Shuttle_Enterprise_in_launch_configuration.jpg|never-used shuttle launch pad]] at [[Vandenberg Air Force Baseupright|thumb|Vandenberg AFB, California]] from November 1984 to May 1985. On November 18, 1985, ''Enterprise'' wasvisited ferriedVandenberg toSLC-6 Washington,in D.C.,launch whereconfiguration it17 becamemonths property of thebefore [[Smithsonian Institution]] and was stored in STS-62-A|the [[Nationalfirst AirWest andCoast SpaceShuttle Museumlaunch]]'s hangarwas at [[Washington Dulles International Airport|Dulles International Airportscheduled]].
Between November 1984 and May 1985, ''Enterprise'' was again mated with an external tank and solid rocket boosters in a boilerplate configuration for a series of fit checks of the [[Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 6|never-used shuttle facilities]] at [[Vandenberg Air Force Base]] in California.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 1, 2019 |title=40 Years Ago: Space Shuttle Enterprise rolls to the Pad |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/40-years-ago-space-shuttle-enterprise-rolls-to-the-pad |access-date=September 26, 2022 |work=NASA.gov}}</ref><ref name="lompoc20050929">{{cite news |last=Scully |first=Janene |date=September 29, 2005 |title=New era dawns for SLC-6 |url=http://lompocrecord.com/news/local/new-era-dawns-for-slc/article_bd0a0f6c-85c7-5d57-b11a-83523377aca9.html |access-date=June 8, 2017 |work=[[Lompoc Record]]}}</ref><ref name="telegramtribune19851016">{{cite news |last1=Fulks |first1=Tom |date=October 16, 1985 |title=Vandeberg opens new space shuttle base |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tribune-vandeberg-opens-new-space-sh/122247704/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404064312/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tribune-vandeberg-opens-new-space-sh/122247704/ |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |access-date=April 4, 2023 |work=[[The Tribune (San Luis Obispo)|The County-Telegram Tribune]] |location=[[San Luis Obispo, California]] |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
On November 18, 1985, ''Enterprise'' was ferried to Washington, D.C., where it became property of the [[Smithsonian Institution]] and was stored in the [[National Air and Space Museum]]'s hangar at [[Washington Dulles International Airport|Dulles International Airport]].
===Post-''Challenger''===
After the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|''Challenger'' disaster]], NASA considered using ''Enterprise'' as a replacement. Refitting the shuttle with all of the necessary equipment for it to be used in space was considered, but NASA decided to use sparesspare parts constructed at the same time as {{OV|Discovery|full=no}} and {{OV|Atlantis|full=no}} to build {{OV|Endeavour|full=no}}.<ref name="name"/>
===Post-''Columbia''===
[[File:Enterprise wing panel.jpg|thumb|Damage to the leading edge of the wing from the post-''Columbia'' impact tests]]
In 2003 after the [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|breakup]] of {{OV|Columbia|full=no}} during re-entry, the [[Columbia Accident Investigation Board|''Columbia'' Accident Investigation Board]] conducted tests at [[Southwest Research Institute]], which used an air cannon to shoot foam blocks of similar size, mass and speed to that which struck ''Columbia'' at a test structure which mechanically replicated the orbiter wing leading edge. They removed a section of fiberglass leading edge from ''Enterprise''{{'s}} wing to perform analysis of the material and attached it to the test structure, then shot a foam block at it.<ref name="Harwood">{{Cite news |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/sts107/030604foamtest/ |title=Critical foam impact test planned for Thursday |work=Spaceflight Now |first=William |last=Harwood |date=June 4, 2003 |access-date=July 12, 2007 |archive-date=September 29, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929083549/http://spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/sts107/030604foamtest/ |url-status=live }}</ref> While the leading edge was not broken as a result of the test, which took place on May 29, 2003, the impact was enough to permanently deform a seal and leave a thin gap {{cvt|22|in|cm}} long.<ref name="caib20030529">{{cite press release |url=http://www.caib.us:80/news/press_releases/pr030529.html |title=Shuttle Leading Edge Foam Impact Test Update |publisher=Columbia Accident Investigation Board |date=May 29, 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030622092018/http://www.caib.us/news/press_releases/pr030529.html |archive-date=June 22, 2003 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="usatoday20030529">{{cite news |url=https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2003-05-29-shuttle-usat_x.htm |title=Test supports theory foam doomed shuttle |work=[[USA Today]] |first=Traci |last=Watson |date=May 29, 2003 |access-date=February 17, 2018 |archive-date=January 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126025129/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2003-05-29-shuttle-usat_x.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nytimes20030605">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/05/us/nasa-s-foam-test-offered-a-vivid-lesson-in-kinetics.html |title=NASA's Foam Test Offered A Vivid Lesson in Kinetics |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=John |last=Schwartz |date=June 5, 2003 |access-date=February 17, 2018 |archive-date=February 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218090726/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/05/us/nasa-s-foam-test-offered-a-vivid-lesson-in-kinetics.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Since the strength of the [[reinforced carbon–carbon]] (RCC) on ''Columbia'' is "substantially weaker and less flexible" than the test section from ''Enterprise'', this result suggested that the RCC would have been shattered.<ref name="nytimes20030605" /> A section of RCC leading edge from ''Discovery'' was tested on June 6, to determine the effects of the foam on a similarly aged leading edge, resulting in a {{cvt|3|in|cm|adj=on|spell=in}} crack on panel 6 and cracking on a "T"-shaped seal between panels 6 and 7.<ref name="caib20030606">{{cite press release |url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=11742 |title=Foam Impact Test Breaks Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Panel |publisher=Columbia Accident Investigation Board |agency=Spaceref.com |date=June 6, 2003 |access-date=February 17, 2018 |id=CAIB PA 32-03 |archive-date=February 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218071619/https://spaceref.com/press-release/space-shuttle-columbia-investigation-foam-impact-test-breaks-reinforced-carbon-carbon-panel/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="swri2003fall">{{cite journal |url=https://missionjuno.swri.edu/3pubs/ttoday/fall03/pdfs/fall2003.pdf |title=On the Leading Edge |journal=Technology Today |first1=James D. |last1=Walker |first2=Donald J. |last2=Grosch |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=2–9 |date=Fall 2003 |issn=1528-431X |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218090607/https://missionjuno.swri.edu/3pubs/ttoday/fall03/pdfs/fall2003.pdf |archive-date=February 18, 2018}}</ref> On July 7, using a leading edge from ''Atlantis'' and focused on panel 8 with refined parameters stemming from the ''Columbia'' accident investigation, a second test created a ragged hole approximately {{cvt|16|by|16|in|cm}} in the RCC structure.<ref name="sfnow20030707">{{cite news |url=https://www.spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/sts107/030707impacttest/ |title=Foam impact test blows hole in shuttle wing panel |work=Spaceflight Now |first=William |last=Harwood |date=July 7, 2003 |access-date=February 17, 2018 |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213054355/https://www.spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/sts107/030707impacttest/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="swri2003fall" /> The tests clearly demonstrated that a foam impact of the type ''Columbia'' sustained could seriously breach the protective RCC panels on the wing leading edge.<ref name="swri2003fall" />
The board determined that the probable cause of the accident was that the foam impact caused a breach of a reinforced carbon-carbon panel along the leading edge of ''Columbia''{{'s}} left wing, allowing hot gases generated during re-entry to enter the wing and cause structural collapse. This caused ''Columbia'' to tumble out of control, breaking up with the loss of the entire crew.<ref name="nyt20030708">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/08/us/test-shows-foam-was-likely-cause-of-shuttle-s-loss.html |title=Test Shows Foam Was Likely Cause of Shuttle's Loss |work=[[The New York Times]] |last1=Wald |first1=Matthew L. |last2=Schwartz |first2=John |date=July 8, 2003 |access-date=February 16, 2018 |archive-date=February 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217202840/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/08/us/test-shows-foam-was-likely-cause-of-shuttle-s-loss.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Museum exhibit===
====New Orleans, Louisiana====
[[File:Shuttle Enterprise at 1984 World Fair New Orleans 27 August 1984.jpg|thumb|''Enterprise'' on display at the [[1984 Louisiana World Exposition]] in New Orleans.]]
In 1984, ''Enterprise'' was on display during the [[1984 Louisiana World Exposition]] (World's Fair) in New Orleans.
====Washington, D.C.====▼
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 250
| image1 = Space shuttle enterprise.jpg
| alt1 = ''Enterprise'' on display in a black hangar filled with other space artifacts including the tops of Mercury and Gemini capsules, rockets and satellites, a Manned Maneuvering Unit, and other space artifacts. An American flag hangs on the wall of the hangar in the back. The Shuttle is resting on its landing gear with the payload bay doors closed, and museum visitors are kept away by stanchions. 13 visitors are visible in this picture, one group is wearing matching yellow shirts. There is ample room for more visitors.
| caption1 = ''Enterprise'' on display with [[IRBM]]s, [[ICBM]]s, and [[Anti-ballistic missile|ABM]] equipment at the [[Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center]].
| image2 = Enterprise and Discovery.jpg
| alt2 = ''Enterprise'' and ''Discovery'' meet, rolling on their landing gear, seemingly nose to nose, along a paved path at Dulles airport. A throng of people standing on grass in the foreground has gathered to see the spectacle. Both orbiters have aeroshells covering the engine area.
| caption2 = ''Enterprise'' (left) stands with ''Discovery'' on the latter's delivery to the Smithsonian in Washington D.C.
}}
From 1985 to 2003,<ref name="nasasf20120427" /> ''Enterprise'' was stored at the [[Smithsonian Institution|Smithsonian]]'s hangar at [[Washington Dulles International Airport]] before it was restored and moved to the Smithsonian's newly built [[National Air and Space Museum]] [[Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center]] at Washington Dulles, where it was the centerpiece of the space collection.<ref name="hazy">{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/everydaylife/nasm_enterprise.html |title=Shuttle Enterprise at Center of Museum's Space Hangar |work=NASA.gov |first=Jim |last=Wilson |date=October 29, 2004 |access-date=November 28, 2007 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306144538/https://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/everydaylife/nasm_enterprise.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On April 12, 2011, NASA announced that {{OV|Discovery|full=no}}, the most traveled orbiter in the fleet, would replace ''Enterprise'' in the Smithsonian's collection once the [[Space Shuttle retirement|Shuttle fleet was retired]], with ownership of ''Enterprise'' transferred to the [[Intrepid Sea, Air & SpaceMuseum|''Intrepid'' Museum]] in New York City. On April 17, 2012, ''Discovery'' was transported by [[Shuttle Carrier Aircraft]] to Dulles from [[Kennedy Space Center]], where it made several passes over the Washington D.C. metro area.<ref name="nasa20120417">{{cite news |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/main/discovery_departure.html |title=Discovery Departs Kennedy Space Center |work=NASA.gov |first=Anna |last=Heiney |date=April 17, 2012 |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=April 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419055006/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/main/discovery_departure.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="washpost20120418">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/space-shuttle-discovery-makes-final-flight-over-washington-dc/2012/04/18/gIQAMtqcQT_story.html |title=Space shuttle Discovery makes final flight over Washington D.C. |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |first=Brian |last=Vastag |date=April 18, 2012 |access-date=April 19, 2012 |archive-date=April 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419055930/http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/space-shuttle-discovery-makes-final-flight-over-washington-dc/2012/04/18/gIQAMtqcQT_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> After ''Discovery'' had been removed from the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, both orbiters were displayed nose-to-nose outside the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center before ''Enterprise'' was made ready for its flight to New York.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/when-enterprise-met-discovery |title=When Enterprise Met Discovery |last=Camusci |first=Tiffany |date=August 31, 2018 |website=National Air and Space Museum |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=January 9, 2020 |archive-date=July 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721043238/https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/when-enterprise-met-discovery |url-status=live }}</ref>▼
▲====Washington, D.C.====
▲From 1985 to 2003,<ref name="nasasf20120427" /> ''Enterprise'' was stored at the [[Smithsonian Institution|Smithsonian]]'s hangar at [[Washington Dulles International Airport]] before it was restored and moved to the Smithsonian's newly built [[National Air and Space Museum]] [[Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center]] at Washington Dulles, where it was the centerpiece of the space collection.<ref name="hazy">{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/everydaylife/nasm_enterprise.html |title=Shuttle Enterprise at Center of Museum's Space Hangar |work=NASA.gov |first=Jim |last=Wilson |date=October 29, 2004 |access-date=November 28, 2007 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306144538/https://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/everydaylife/nasm_enterprise.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On April 12, 2011, NASA announced that {{OV|Discovery|full=no}}, the most traveled orbiter in the fleet, would replace ''Enterprise'' in the Smithsonian's collection once the [[Space Shuttle retirement|Shuttle fleet was retired]], with ownership of ''Enterprise'' transferred to the [[Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum]] in New York City. On April 17, 2012, ''Discovery'' was transported by [[Shuttle Carrier Aircraft]] to Dulles from [[Kennedy Space Center]], where it made several passes over the Washington D.C. metro area.<ref name="nasa20120417">{{cite news |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/main/discovery_departure.html |title=Discovery Departs Kennedy Space Center |work=NASA.gov |first=Anna |last=Heiney |date=April 17, 2012 |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=April 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419055006/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/main/discovery_departure.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="washpost20120418">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/space-shuttle-discovery-makes-final-flight-over-washington-dc/2012/04/18/gIQAMtqcQT_story.html |title=Space shuttle Discovery makes final flight over Washington D.C. |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |first=Brian |last=Vastag |date=April 18, 2012 |access-date=April 19, 2012 |archive-date=April 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419055930/http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/space-shuttle-discovery-makes-final-flight-over-washington-dc/2012/04/18/gIQAMtqcQT_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> After ''Discovery'' had been removed from the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, both orbiters were displayed nose-to-nose outside the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center before ''Enterprise'' was made ready for its flight to New York.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/when-enterprise-met-discovery |title=When Enterprise Met Discovery |last=Camusci |first=Tiffany |date=August 31, 2018 |website=National Air and Space Museum |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=January 9, 2020 |archive-date=July 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721043238/https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/when-enterprise-met-discovery |url-status=live }}</ref>
====New York====
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| visitation_year =
| refnum = 13000071
}}On December 12, 2011, ownership of ''Enterprise'' was officially transferred to the ''[[Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum|Intrepid]]'' [[Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum|Museum]] in New York City.<ref name="cspace20111212">{{cite news |url=http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-121211a.html |title=Intrepid Museum Celebrates Ownership of Space Shuttle Enterprise |work=CollectSpace.com |first=Robert Z |last=Pearlman |date=December 12, 2011 |access-date=January 30, 2012 |archive-date=January 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112135412/http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-121211a.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NAS">{{cite news |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/transition/placement/enterprise_transfer.html |title=NASA Transfers Enterprise Title to Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum in New York City |work=NASA.gov |first=Kris |last=Rainey |date=December 11, 2011 |access-date=January 30, 2012 |archive-date=February 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211074602/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/transition/placement/enterprise_transfer.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="prweb20111122">{{cite press release |url=http://www.prweb.com/releases/2011/11/prweb8987493.htm |title=NASA Transfers Title to Space Shuttle Orbiter Enterprise to the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum in New York City |publisher=PRWeb.com |first1=Deborah |last1=Raskin |first2=Luke |last2=Sacks |date=November 22, 2011 |access-date=March 27, 2012 |archive-date=January 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129152844/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2011/11/prweb8987493.htm |url-status=livedead }}</ref> In preparation for the anticipated relocation, engineers evaluated the vehicle in early 2010 and determined that it was safe to fly on the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft once again.<ref name="nsf100314">{{Cite news |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2010/03/enterprise-good-condition-potential-sca-ferry-smithsonian/ |title=Enterprise in good condition for potential SCA ferry from Smithsonian NASM |work=NASAspaceflight.com |first=Chris |last=Bergin |date=March 14, 2010 |access-date=March 16, 2010 |archive-date=March 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316230551/http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2010/03/enterprise-good-condition-potential-sca-ferry-smithsonian/ |url-status=live }}</ref> At approximately 13:40 [[UTC]] on April 27, 2012, ''Enterprise'' took off from Dulles International Airport en route to a fly-by over the [[Hudson River]], New York's [[JFK International Airport]], the [[Statue of Liberty]], the [[George Washington Bridge|George Washington]] and [[Verrazano-Narrows Bridge|Verrazano-Narrows]] Bridges, and several other landmarks in the city, in an approximately 45-minute "final tour". At 15:23 UTC, ''Enterprise'' touched down at [[JFK International Airport]].<ref name="njcom20120427">{{cite news |url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/04/space_shuttle_enterprise_lands.html |title=Space shuttle Enterprise lands safely in New York, after soaring over northern N.J. |work=NJ.com |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=April 27, 2012 |access-date=June 4, 2016 |archive-date=June 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605022525/http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/04/space_shuttle_enterprise_lands.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="wsj20120427">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304811304577369602130310414 |title=A Shuttle Meets Its City |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |first1=Pervaiz |last1=Shallwani |first2=Alison |last2=Fox |date=April 27, 2016 |access-date=June 4, 2016 |archive-date=August 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805120814/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304811304577369602130310414 |url-status=live }}</ref>▼
}}
[[File:Enterprise nicked tail Sandy jeh.jpg|thumb|left|Damage from [[Hurricane Sandy]]]]
▲On December 12, 2011, ownership of ''Enterprise'' was officially transferred to the [[Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum]] in New York City.<ref name="cspace20111212">{{cite news |url=http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-121211a.html |title=Intrepid Museum Celebrates Ownership of Space Shuttle Enterprise |work=CollectSpace.com |first=Robert Z |last=Pearlman |date=December 12, 2011 |access-date=January 30, 2012 |archive-date=January 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112135412/http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-121211a.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NAS">{{cite news |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/transition/placement/enterprise_transfer.html |title=NASA Transfers Enterprise Title to Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum in New York City |work=NASA.gov |first=Kris |last=Rainey |date=December 11, 2011 |access-date=January 30, 2012 |archive-date=February 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211074602/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/transition/placement/enterprise_transfer.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="prweb20111122">{{cite press release |url=http://www.prweb.com/releases/2011/11/prweb8987493.htm |title=NASA Transfers Title to Space Shuttle Orbiter Enterprise to the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum in New York City |publisher=PRWeb.com |first1=Deborah |last1=Raskin |first2=Luke |last2=Sacks |date=November 22, 2011 |access-date=March 27, 2012 |archive-date=January 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129152844/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2011/11/prweb8987493.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In preparation for the anticipated relocation, engineers evaluated the vehicle in early 2010 and determined that it was safe to fly on the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft once again.<ref name="nsf100314">{{Cite news |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2010/03/enterprise-good-condition-potential-sca-ferry-smithsonian/ |title=Enterprise in good condition for potential SCA ferry from Smithsonian NASM |work=NASAspaceflight.com |first=Chris |last=Bergin |date=March 14, 2010 |access-date=March 16, 2010 |archive-date=March 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316230551/http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2010/03/enterprise-good-condition-potential-sca-ferry-smithsonian/ |url-status=live }}</ref> At approximately 13:40 [[UTC]] on April 27, 2012, ''Enterprise'' took off from Dulles International Airport en route to a fly-by over the [[Hudson River]], New York's [[JFK International Airport]], the [[Statue of Liberty]], the [[George Washington Bridge|George Washington]] and [[Verrazano-Narrows Bridge|Verrazano-Narrows]] Bridges, and several other landmarks in the city, in an approximately 45-minute "final tour". At 15:23 UTC, ''Enterprise'' touched down at [[JFK International Airport]].<ref name="njcom20120427">{{cite news |url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/04/space_shuttle_enterprise_lands.html |title=Space shuttle Enterprise lands safely in New York, after soaring over northern N.J. |work=NJ.com |agency=Associated Press |date=April 27, 2012 |access-date=June 4, 2016 |archive-date=June 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605022525/http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/04/space_shuttle_enterprise_lands.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="wsj20120427">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304811304577369602130310414 |title=A Shuttle Meets Its City |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |first1=Pervaiz |last1=Shallwani |first2=Alison |last2=Fox |date=April 27, 2016 |access-date=June 4, 2016 |archive-date=August 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805120814/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304811304577369602130310414 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The mobile [[Mate-Demate Device]] and cranes were transported from Dulles to the ramp at JFK and the shuttle was removed from the SCA overnight on May 12, 2012, placed on a specially designed flat bed trailer and returned to Hangar 12.<ref name="cspace20120301">{{cite news |url=http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-030112a.html |title=Space shuttle Enterprise lands in New York City on April 23 |work=CollectSpace.com |first=Robert Z |last=Pearlman |date=March 1, 2012 |access-date=March 22, 2012 |archive-date=March 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305024610/http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-030112a.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On June 3 a [[Weeks Marine]] barge took ''Enterprise'' to [[Jersey City]]. The Shuttle sustained cosmetic damage to a wingtip when a gust of wind blew the barge towards a piling.<ref name="abcnews20120605">{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2012/06/space-shuttle-enterprise-damaged-en-route-to-new-home/ |title=Space Shuttle Enterprise Damaged On Way to New Home |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |first=Alexandra |last=Ludka |date=June 5, 2012 |access-date=June 7, 2012 |archive-date=June 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607051156/http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2012/06/space-shuttle-enterprise-damaged-en-route-to-new-home/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was hoisted June 6 onto the Intrepid Museum in Manhattan.<ref name="njcom20120604">{{cite news |url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/06/space_shuttle_enterprise_to_sp.html |title=Enterprise to spend day in Jersey City |work=NJ.com |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=June 4, 2012 |access-date=June 7, 2012 |archive-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203144155/http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/06/space_shuttle_enterprise_to_sp.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
''Enterprise'' went on public display on July 19, 2012, at the Intrepid Museum's new Space Shuttle Pavilion, a temporary shelter consisting of a pressurized, air-supported fabric bubble constructed on the aft end of the carrier's flight deck.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://phys.org/news/2012-07-space-shuttle-enterprise.html |title=Space shuttle Enterprise set to open to public |work=PHYS.org |first=Alex |last=Katz |date=July 18, 2012 |access-date=November 3, 2022 |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104041037/https://phys.org/news/2012-07-space-shuttle-enterprise.html |url-status=live }}</ref>[[File:Enterprise nicked tail Sandy jeh.jpg|thumb|Damage from [[Hurricane Sandy]]]]
On October 29, 2012, storm surges from [[Hurricane Sandy]] caused Pier 86, including the Intrepid Museum's visitor center, to flood, and knocked out the museum's electrical power and both backup generators. The loss of power caused the Space Shuttle Pavilion to deflate, and high winds from the hurricane caused the fabric of the Pavilion to tear and collapse around the orbiter. Minor damage was spotted on the [[vertical stabilizer]] of the orbiter, as a portion of the tail fin above the rudder/speedbrake had broken off.<ref name="space20121030">{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/18282-shuttle-enterprise-intrepid-hurricane-damage.html |title=Space Shuttle Enterprise Damaged by Hurricane Sandy |work=Space.com |first=Robert Z. |last=Pearlman |date=October 30, 2012 |access-date=October 31, 2012 |archive-date=November 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101194400/http://www.space.com/18282-shuttle-enterprise-intrepid-hurricane-damage.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The broken section was recovered by museum staff. While the pavilion itself could not be replaced for some time in 2013, the museum erected scaffolding and sheeting around ''Enterprise'' to protect it from the environment.<ref name="space20121220">{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/19004-space-shuttle-enterprise-repairs-museum-reopen.html |title=Shuttle Enterprise Being Repaired as Museum Home Reopens Friday |work=Space.com |first=Robert Z |last=Pearlman |date=December 20, 2012 |access-date=January 9, 2012 |archive-date=December 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222231816/http://www.space.com/19004-space-shuttle-enterprise-repairs-museum-reopen.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
By April 2013, the damage sustained to ''Enterprise''{{'s}} vertical stabilizer had been fully repaired, and construction work on the structure for a new pavilion was under way.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/20896-space-shuttle-enterprise-nyc-museum.html |title=Space Shuttle Enterprise's New Home Takes Shape at NYC Museum |work=Space.com |first=Robert Z |last=Pearlman |date=April 30, 2013 |access-date=June 17, 2013 |archive-date=June 6, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606034833/http://www.space.com/20896-space-shuttle-enterprise-nyc-museum.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The pavilion and exhibit reopened on July 10, 2013.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/space-shuttle-enterprise-reopens-nyc-visitors |title=Space shuttle Enterprise reopens to NYC visitors |agency=[[Associated Press]] |series=The Big Story |first=Jon |last=Gerberg |date=July 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820150804/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/space-shuttle-enterprise-reopens-nyc-visitors |archive-date=August 20, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
''Enterprise'' was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on March 13, 2013, reference number 13000071, in recognition of its role in the development of the Space Shuttle Program. The historic significance criteria are in space exploration, transportation, and engineering.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/feature/places/13000071.htm |title=Space Shuttle Enterprise |work=NPS.gov |publisher=National Register of Historic Places |first=Daniel A. |last=Bagrow |date=March 13, 2013 |access-date=March 22, 2013 |archive-date=May 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507170041/http://www.nps.gov/nr/feature/places/13000071.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
Line 238 ⟶ 243:
File:Space Shuttle Enterprise 747 separation.ogv|Space Shuttle ''Enterprise'' 747 separation
File:S79-31980.jpg|''Enterprise'' makes its first appearance mated with an external tank and SRBs en route to Pad 39A at the Kennedy Space Center
File:Space Shuttle Enterprise in launch configuration.jpg|''Enterprise'' at [[Vandenberg AFB Space Launch Complex 6|SLC-6]] at [[Vandenberg Air Force Base|Vandenberg AFB]]
File:Space Shuttle Enterprise Move to Intrepid (201206060005HQ) DVIDS724620.jpg|''Enterprise'' enroute to its new home aboard USS ''Intrepid''
File:Space Shuttle Enterprise Move to Intrepid (201206060012HQ) DVIDS723125.jpg|''Enterprise'' underway on the [[Hudson River]]
Line 267 ⟶ 271:
*[http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/resources/orbiters/enterprise.html ''Enterprise'' (OV-101)] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192118/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/resources/orbiters/enterprise.html |date=March 3, 2016 }} at NASA.gov
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zn7C6HBfu90 ''Enterprise'' (OV-101) Approach and Landing Test (1977)]
{{MemoryalphaMemory articleAlpha|Enterprise (OV-101)|''Enterprise'' (OV-101)}}
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