Stonyhurst College: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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{{Short description|Co-educational Catholic school in Lancashire, England (UK)}}

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{{Stonyhurst College}}

'''Stonyhurst College''' is a [[co-educational]] Catholic [[CatholicPrivate schools in the United ChurchKingdom|Catholicprivate]] [[independent school]], adhering to the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] tradition,<ref name="ISBI" /><ref name="Jesuit_org" /> on the [[Stonyhurst|Stonyhurst Estate]], [[Lancashire]], England. It occupies a [[Grade I listed]] building.<ref name="Stony_3" /> The school has been fully co-educational since 1999.

A precursor institution of the college was founded in 1593 by [[Robert Persons|Father Robert Persons SJ]] at [[Saint-Omer|St Omer]],<ref name="Brit">[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9069820/Stonyhurst-College Stonyhurst College] in ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' 2008. Retrieved 9 July 2008</ref><ref name="cathrob" /> at a time when [[Penal law (British)|penal laws]] prohibited Catholic education in England. After moving to [[Bruges]] in 1762 and [[Liège]] in 1773, the college was headed for oblivion, but for the generosity of an [[Old boys|old boy]], [[Thomas Weld (of Lulworth)]], who intervened. Weld's enormous benefaction enabled the expatriated school to establish itself on English soil in 1794 when it was granted the Stonyhurst estate.<ref name="Brit" /><ref name="cathrob" /> It provides boarding and day education to approximately 450 boys and girls aged 13–18.<ref name="IndSch_1" /> On an adjacent site, its [[Preparatory school (UK)|preparatory school]], [[Stonyhurst Saint Mary's Hall|St Mary's Hall]], provides education for boys and girls aged 3–13.<ref name="Stony_welcome" />

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The earliest deed concerning the ''Stanihurst'' is held in the college's Arundell Library; it dates from approximately 1200. In 1372, a licence was granted to John de Bayley for an oratory on the site.<ref name="handbook" />{{Rp|11–12}} His descendants, the [[Shireburn baronets|Shireburn family]], completed the oldest portion of the extant buildings.<ref name="handbook" />{{Rp|46}} Richard Shireburn began building the hall, which was enlarged by his grandson Nicholas who also constructed the ponds, avenue and gardens.<ref name="handbook" />{{Rp|36}} Following his death, the estate passed to his wife and then to sole heir, their daughter, [[Maria Howard, Duchess of Norfolk|Mary, the Duchess of Norfolk]].

===GreatDonation benefactorof emergesestate===

In 1754, it was inherited by her cousin, [[Edward Weld (Senior)]] (1705-1761), the subject of controversy and two trials, one for impotency. After his death it passed to Weld's eldest son, also [[Edward Weld|Edward]]. Unfortunately, this Edward (1740-1775), who was to be [[Maria Fitzherbert]]'s obscure first husband, fell off his horse three months after the wedding and not having had time to sign the will before he died of his injuries,intestate; the estate passed to Edward senior's third son and Edward's youngest brother, [[Thomas Weld (of Lulworth)|Thomas]]. Thomas Weld (1750-1810) and his wife had many children and great swathes of land which he distributed among his progeny. However, asAs a former pupil of the English Jesuit Colleges of St Omer and Liège, and already a philanthropist, heWeld stepped in to save the refugee Jesuit schools overin theFrance. Channel andHe resolved in 1794 to donate his Lancashire estate, including the buildings, with {{convert|30|acre|m2}} of land to the [[Society of Jesus]] for the purpose of settling them and their evacuated charges from Northern [[France]] and the [[Austrian Netherlands]].<ref name="Whitehead">{{cite journal |author=Whitehead, Maurice |date=2003 |title=In the Sincerest Intentions of Studying: The Educational Legacy of Thomas Weld (1750–1810), Founder of Stonyhurst College |journal=Recusant History |volume=26 |pages=169–193 |doi=10.1017/S0034193200030764 |s2cid=163342081}}</ref><ref name="Hewitson" />{{pn|date=December 2023}}

===The college===

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The More Library is the main library for students while the 'House Libraries' (the Arundell, the Bay, and the Square) contain many artefacts from the [[Society of Jesus]] and English Catholicism.<ref name="libraries" /> The Arundell Library, presented in 1837 by Everard, 11th [[Arundell of Wardour|Baron Arundell of Wardour]], is the most significant; it is not only a country-house library from [[Wardour Castle]] but also has a notable collection of 250 [[Incunable|incunabula]], medieval manuscripts and volumes of [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] interest, signal among which is [[Mary I of England|Mary Tudor]]'s Book of Hours, which it is believed was given by [[Mary, Queen of Scots]] to her chaplain on the scaffold.<ref name="handbook" />{{Rp|66-7}} The [[manuscript]] ''[[Le Livre de Seyntz Medicines]]'' was written in 1354 by [[Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster|Henry, Duke of Lancaster]].<ref name="handbook" />{{Rp|66-7}} To these were added the archives of the English Province of the [[Society of Jesus]], which include 16th-century manuscript verses by [[Robert Southwell (Jesuit)|St Robert Southwell SJ]], the letters of [[Edmund Campion|St Edmund Campion SJ]] (1540–81) and holographs of the 19th-century poet [[Gerard Manley Hopkins]].<ref name="handbook" />{{Rp|66-7}} The Arundell Library has a copy of the ''Chronicles of [[Jean Froissart]]'', captured at the [[Battle of Agincourt]] in 1415, and held the 7th-century [[Stonyhurst Gospel]] of St John before it was loaned to the [[British Library]], as well as a [[First Folio]] of Shakespeare.<ref name="handbook" />{{Rp|66-7}}

[[File:Do Room Stonyhurst.jpg|thumb|right|The Do Room, displaying items from the collections.]]

Among those collections kept away from public view are numerous blood-soaked garments from Jesuits martyred in Japan, the skull of [[Cardinal Morton]], ropes used to quarter [[Saint Edmund Campion|St Edmund Campion SJ]], hair of [[Francis Xavier|St Francis Xavier SJ]], an enormous solid silver jewel-encrusted [[monstrance]], the Wintour vestments, a cope made for [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]], and a thorn said to be from the [[crown of thorns]] placed upon Jesus' head at the [[crucifixion]].<ref name="Hewitson" />{{Rp|137–140}}

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[[File:Stonyhurst observatory.jpg|thumb|The rear of the Observatory]]

The school has a functioning observatory which was built in 1866.<ref name="Brit" /> An older observatory, built in 1838, is now the [[Religious life at Stonyhurst College#Religious Publications|''Typographia Collegii'']], but was once one of seven important stations in the country when the [[Meteorological Office]] came under the auspices of the [[Royal Society]].<ref>T.E. Muir, ''Stonyhurst'', (St Omers Press, Gloucestershire. Second edition, 2006) {{ISBN|0-9553592-0-1}} pp. 145–7</ref> The records of temperature taken there start from 1846 and are the oldest continuous daily records in the world.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00dm7d5 BBC Two – Earth: The Climate Wars, Fightback, Dr Iain Stewart.] Retrieved 20 September 2008</ref> During the nineteenth century, the observatory was maintained by the astronomer priests, Fr [[Alfred Weld]], [[Stephen Joseph Perry|Fr Perry]] and Fr Sidgreaves whose research included astronomy, geomagnetrometry and seismology.<ref name="Fr. Walter Sidgreaves 1837-1919">[http://www.mikeoates.org/astro-history/sidgreaves.htm Fr. Walter Sidgreaves (1837–1919).] Retrieved 18 July 2008</ref> Astrophysicist [[Pietro Angelo Secchi]], director of the [[Vatican Observatory]], also taught astronomy at the college during the period.<ref name="Brit" /> [[Sir Edward Sabine]] chose the observatory as one of his main stations when conducting a magnetic survey of Britain in 1858. Five years later Fr Sidgreaves began the first series of monthly geometric observations, which continued until May 1919.<ref>[http://www.mikeoates.org/astro-history/sidgreaves.htm Fr Walter Sidgreaves (1837–1919).] Retrieved 18 July 2008</ref> During the course of the twentieth century, the observatory fell out of use and its telescope, parts of which dated to the 1860s, was sold after the Second World War. When its private owner came to sell it, the college was able to buy it back and restore it to its original home.<ref>[http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/david_ratledge/tm11.htm Telescope] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505162912/http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/david_ratledge/tm11.htm|date=5 May 2008}} Article on Stonyhurst's telescope 2002. Retrieved 18 July 2008</ref> The observatory is today used for astronomical purposes again, whilst also functioning as one of four weather stations used by the [[Met Office]] to provide central England temperature data (CET).<ref>[http://badc.nerc.ac.uk/data/cet/ Met Office] Retrieved 21 October 2009</ref>

"The observatory has been made famous by many astronomers of wide reputation," says Britannica.

==Arts==

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===Military careers===

{{See also|List of Stonyhurst alumni}}

Some pupils have gone on to receive places at the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]].<ref name="times">[httphttps://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/court_and_social/article3728952.ece Sandhurst reference], timesonline.co.uk; 12 April 2008; retrieved 10 July 2008.</ref><ref name="times2">[httphttps://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/court_and_social/the_hitch/article402793.ece The Sovereign's Parade, RMAS], ''Times Online'', 15 December 2004; retrieved 10 July 2008.</ref><ref name="gordon">[http://www.gordonpoole.com/?artistID=1261 Speaker], GordonPoole.com; retrieved 10 July 2008.</ref>{{who|date=June 2023}} This follows a long tradition of service from Stonyhurst pupils: many [[List of Stonyhurst alumni/ae|''Old Stonyhurst (O.S.)'']] were killed in the two World Wars and are commemorated on the war memorial at the end of the Upper Gallery.<ref>T.E. Muir, ''Stonyhurst'', St Omers Press, Gloucestershire (2nd edition, 2006); {{ISBN|0-9553592-0-1}} pp. 150–151</ref>

The Stonyhurst War Records were published in their honour. A memorial at the top of the main staircase records the names of the six [[List of Stonyhurst alumni/ae|O.S.]] killed in the [[Boer War]].

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"Great Academies" takes place annually at the end of the first half of the summer term. Although different in its present form, it is a continuation of a tradition begun at St Omers, with the first taking place at Stonyhurst on 6 August 1795.<ref name="Hewitson" />{{pn|date=December 2023}} Today, it is an occasion when the school is on display – there are exhibitions, musical performances, the school play, sporting events, as well as prize-giving and the headmaster's speech, culminating with the Rhetoric Ball and Rhetoric Mass the following morning.<ref>T.E. Muir, ''Stonyhurst'', (St Omers Press, Gloucestershire. Second edition, 2006) {{ISBN|0-9553592-0-1}} p. 174</ref>

== Sister schools ==

==Stonyhurst Association==▼

Stonyhurst College has one sister school in [[Penang]], [[Malaysia]], called [[Stonyhurst International School Penang]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stonyhurst College, UK |url=https://www.stonyhurstpenang.edu.my/stonyhurst-college-uk/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=Stonyhurst International School Penang |language=en-GB}}</ref>

▲== Stonyhurst Association ==

{{See also|Charities of Stonyhurst College}}

[[File:Stonyhurst gardens2006.jpg|thumb|right|upright|The South Front viewed from the gardens]]