Sudanian savanna: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

Tag: Reverted

Tag: Reverted

Line 2:

{{Infobox ecoregion

|name = Sudan regionecoregion<br />بِلَادُ السُّوْدَان

|image = SudanRegionGambiaKob ewes Image02.jpg

|image_size =

|image_alt =

|caption = [[SavannaKob]] are found in themost northernSudan region [[The Gambia|Gambiasavanna]]s

|map = Bonner zoologische Monographien (2000) (20385441742), gefärbt.png

|map_size =

Line 13:

|biogeographic_realm = [[Afrotropical realm|Afrotropical]]

|biome = [[Tropical savanna]]

|animals = [[African buffalo|buffalo]], [[lionkob]], [[African bush elephant|elephant]], [[cheetah]], [[northern giraffe|giraffe]], [[cheetahlion]], [[African buffalo|buffalo]]

|bird_species =

|mammal_species =

|border1 = [[Sudd]]

|border2 = [[Sahel]]

|border3 = [[Northern Acacia–Commiphora bushlands and thickets|Northern Acacia–Commiphora]]

|border4 = [[forest–savanna mosaic]]s ([[Victoria Basin forest–savanna mosaic|Victoria Basin]], [[Northern Congolian forest–savanna mosaic|Northern Congolian]], [[Guinean forest–savanna mosaic|Guinean]])

|border5 = [[Northern Congolian forest–savanna mosaic]]

|border6 = [[Guinean forest–savanna mosaic]]

|borders =

|area = 2550451

Line 33 ⟶ 29:

|seas =

|rivers = [[Chari River|Chari]], [[Niger River|Niger]], and the [[White Nile]]

|climate = [[tropical savanna climate|Tropical savanna (Aw)]]

|soil =

|conservation = Critical/endangered

|global200 = [[Global 200#Afrotropic 2|priority]]

|habitat_loss =

|habitat_loss_ref =

Line 44 ⟶ 40:

}}

[[File:AT0705 map.png|thumb|[[East Sudanian savanna]] (green) in [[CentralEast Africa|CentralEast]] and [[EastCentral Africa]]]]

[[File:AT0722 map.png|thumb|[[West Sudanian savanna]] (green) in [[West Africa]]]]

The '''Sudanian savanna''' or '''Sudan region''' is a broad belt of [[tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublandsTropics|tropical]] [[savanna]] that runs east and west across the [[Africa|African continent]], from the [[AtlanticEthiopian OceanHighlands]] in the westeast to the [[EthiopianAtlantic HighlandsOcean]] in the eastwest. The [[Sahel|Sahel acacia savanna]], a belt of drier grasslands, lies to the north, forming a [[ecotone|transition zone]] between the Sudanian savanna and the [[Sahara|Sahara Desert]] [[phytochorion]]. To the south the [[forest-savanna mosaic]] forms a transition zone between the Sudanian savanna and the wetter [[Guineo-Congolian forests]] that lie nearer the equator.

== Etymology ==

The name ''Sudan'' derives from the [[Arabic]] {{ety|ar|''{{transliterationlang|ar|bilādبلاد as-sūdānالسودان}}'' ({{langtransliteration|ar|{{Script|Arab|بلادbilād السودان}}as-sūdān}}), or "the lands|Land of the [[Black people|Blacks]]"}}, referring to [[West Africa]] andsouth northernof [[Centralthe Africa]]Sahel.<ref>{{citation | author = International Association for the History of Religions | title = Numen | publisher = EJ Brill | place = Leiden | year = 1959 | page = 131 | quote = West Africa may be taken as the country stretching from Senegal in the west, to the Cameroons in the east; sometimes it has been called the central and western Sudan, the ''Bilad as-Sūdan'', 'Land of the Blacks', by the Arabs}}.</ref>

== Physiographic province ==

Line 58 ⟶ 54:

The area is predominantly a [[plateau]] with [[river valleys]] of the [[Niger (river)|Niger]], [[Chad Basin|Chad]] and [[White Nile]]. It extends over {{cvt|5000|km}} in a band several hundred kilometers wide across Africa. It stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in [[Senegal]], through southern [[Mali]] (formerly known as [[French Sudan]] when it was a [[list of French possessions and colonies|French colony]]), [[Burkina Faso]], southern [[Niger]], northern [[Nigeria]], northern [[Ghana]], southern [[Chad]], the western [[Darfur]] region of present-day [[Sudan]], [[South Sudan]] to the [[Ethiopian Highlands]].

== Climate ==

To the north of the region lies the [[Sahel]], a more arid [[Acacia]] [[savanna]] region that in turn borders the [[Sahara|Sahara Desert]] further north, and to the east the [[Ethiopian Highlands]] (called ''al-Ḥabašah'' in Arabic). In the southwest lies the [[Sudanian Savanna|West Sudanian savanna]], a wetter, [[tropical savanna]] region bordering the [[tropical forest]]s of [[West Africa]]. In the center is [[Lake Chad]], and the more fertile region around the lake, while to the south of there are the [[Western High Plateau|highlands]] of [[Cameroon]]. To the southeast is the [[East Sudanian savanna]], another tropical savanna region, bordering the forest of [[Central Africa]]. This gives way further east to the [[Sudd]], an area of tropical [[wetland]] fed by the water of the [[White Nile]].

Average annual temperatures range from {{cvt|23 to 29|C}}. Average temperatures in the coldest months are above {{cvt|20|C}} and above {{cvt|30|C}} in the hottest months. Daily temperatures fluctuate by up to {{cvt|10-15|C}}. The summer [[African monsoon|monsoon]] brings rain from the equator. Annual precipitation ranges from {{cvt|100-200|mm}} in the north to {{cvt|1500-2000|mm}} in the south. During the dry winter season, the [[Harmattan]] northeasterly wind is bringing hot and dry air from the Sahara.

== Ecoregions ==

The [[World Wide Fund for Nature]] divides the Sudanian savanna into two [[ecoregion|ecoregions]], separated by the [[Mandara Mountains]]:

* The [[East Sudanian savanna]] extends eastwardswestwards from the Mandara Mountains to the [[Gambela Region|western lowlands]] of [[Ethiopia]] to the Mandara Mountains.<ref name=WWFeast>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0705 |title=East Sudanian savanna |publisher=World Wide Fund for Nature |access-date=1 November 2016}}</ref>

* The [[West Sudanian savanna]] runs from theeastern Atlantic OceanNigeria to easternthe NigeriaAtlantic Ocean.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0722 |title=West Sudanian savanna |publisher=World Wide Fund for Nature |access-date=1 November 2016}}</ref>

== Flora ==