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'''Susa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|uː|s|ə}} {{respell|SOO|sə}}; Middle {{lang-elx|𒀸𒋗𒊺𒂗|translit=Šušen}};{{sfn|Hinz|Koch|1987|page=[https://archive.org/details/ElamischesWorterbuch.2/page/n449/mode/2up 1184]}} Middle and Neo-{{lang-elx|𒋢𒋢𒌦|translit=Šušun}};{{sfn|Hinz|Koch|1987|page=[https://archive.org/details/ElamischesWorterbuch.2/page/n449/mode/2up 1184]}} Neo-[[Elamite language|Elamite]] and [[Achaemenid Empire|Achaemenid]] {{lang-elx|𒀸𒋗𒐼𒀭|translit=Šušan}};{{sfn|Hinz|Koch|1987|page=[https://archive.org/details/ElamischesWorterbuch.2/page/n449/mode/2up 1183]}} [[Achaemenid Empire|Achaemenid]] {{lang-elx|𒀸𒋗𒐼|translit=Šuša}};{{sfn|Hinz|Koch|1987|page=[https://archive.org/details/ElamischesWorterbuch.2/page/n449/mode/2up 1183]}} {{lang-fa|شوش}} {{transliteration|fa|Šuš}} {{IPA-fa|ʃuʃ|}}; {{lang-he|שׁוּשָׁן}} {{transliteration|he|Šūšān}}; {{lang-grc-gre|Σοῦσα}} {{transliteration|grc|Soûsa}}; {{lang-syr|ܫܘܫ}} {{transliteration|syr|Šuš}};<ref>Thomas A. Carlson et al., “Susa — ܫܘܫ ” in The Syriac Gazetteer last modified June 30, 2014, http://syriaca.org/place/415.</ref> {{lang-pal|𐭮𐭥𐭱𐭩}} {{transliteration|pal|Sūš}} or {{lang|pal|𐭱𐭥𐭮}} {{transliteration|pal|Šūs}}; {{lang-peo|𐏂𐎢𐏁𐎠}} {{transliteration|peo|Çūšā}}) was an ancient city in the lower [[Zagros Mountains]] about {{convert|250|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of the [[Tigris]], between the [[Karkheh River|Karkheh]] and [[Dez River|Dez]] Rivers in modern day Iran. One of the most important cities of the [[Ancient Near East]], Susa served as the capital of [[Elam]] and the winter capital of [[Achaemenid Empire]], and remained a strategic centre during the [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] and [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian]] periods.

The site currently consists of three archaeological mounds, covering an area of around one square kilometre.<ref>{{cite book|author1=John Curtis|editor1-last=Perrot|editor1-first=Jean|editor1-link=Jean Perrot|title=The Palace of Darius at Susa: The Great Royal Residence of Achaemenid Persia|date=2013|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9781848856219|page=xvi|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fDimj7F2VVgC&q=Shush+Susa&pg=PR16|language=en|chapter=Introduction}}</ref> The modern Iranian towncity of [[Shush, Iran|Shush]] is located on the site of ancient Susa. Shush is identified as Shushan, mentioned in the [[Book of Esther]] and other Biblical books.

== Name ==