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Martineau was the son of David Martineau (1828-1911) and Sarah Emma Scott (1833-1924). He was educated at [[Marlborough College]] as were his brothers Howard Martineau (1864-1953) and distinguished engineer Louis Martineau (1866-1895).<ref>{{cite journal |journal=icevirtuallibrary |title=Obituary - LOUIS MARTINEAU. |page=399 |url=https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/pdf/10.1680/imotp.1895.19732 |access-date=12 September 2024|quote=LOUIS MARTINEAU, son of Mr. David Martineau, of South Road, Clapham Park, was born on the 2nd of March, 1866. He was educated at Marlborough College and at University College, London, where he greatly distinguished himself, obtaining several prizes and a Gilchrist Engineering Scholarship...}}</ref> Sydney's son, Frederick Alan Martineau [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]] (1904-1990), father of [[Nicholas Vivian, 6th Baron Vivian|Baroness Vivian (née Carol Martineau)]] (1939-2013),<ref>{{cite book |title=Debrett's |publisher=Debrett's |page=1620 |url=https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Debrett_s_Peerage_and_Baronetage/FnM-AQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=frederick+alan+Martineau&dq=frederick+alan+Martineau&printsec=frontcover |access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref> also boarded at Marlborough.<ref>{{cite book |title=Marlborough College Register from 1843 to 1904 Inclusive |date=1905 |publisher=Marlborough College Ltd. |pages=295, 315 |url=https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Marlborough_College_Register_from_1843_t/bW4WAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=sidney+Martineau+marlborough+college&dq=sidney+Martineau+marlborough+college&printsec=frontcover |access-date=12 September 2023 |quote=Sydney Martineau, born Jan 6th 1863...Howard Martineau born Sept. 27 1864...}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=SUPPLEMENT TO THE LONDON GAZETTE, 13 OCTOBER, 1939 |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34709/supplement/6938/data.pdf |access-date=12 September 2023 |date=1939 |page=6938 |quote=5th Sept. 1939: — Lce.-Bombr. Frederick Alan MARTINEAU (97968), from R.A. (late Cadet Lce.-Corpl., Marlborough Coll. Contgt., Jun. Div., O.T.C.).}}</ref>
As [[Unitarianism|Unitarians]], Sydney's father, David Martineau, made [[donations]] in 1893 to [[Harris Manchester College, Oxford|Harris Manchester College, Oxford University]] (now Harris Manchester College) as did his third cousin [[Lupton family|Francis Martineau Lupton]] (1848-1921) and relatives [[Martineau family|Sir Thomas and Lady Martineau]]. Family member the [[James Martineau|Rev. James Martineau]] (1805-1900) was vice-president of the college at this time.<ref>{{cite book |title=Proceedings and Addresses on the Occasion of the Opening of ...books.google.com.au › books Manchester College (University of Oxford) |date=1894 |publisher=Longmans, London |page=156 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ckgBAAAAYAAJ&dq=THe+honorable++mrs+++mary++martineau&pg=PA156 |access-date=18 November 2023 |quote=...1893: Vice-President James Martineau...October 18–19, 1893... Donors...Sir Thomas and Lady Martineau...F.M. Lupton...David Martineau ...}}</ref> Francis Martineau Lupton's daughter [[Middleton family|Olive Middleton]] (1881-1936) boarded at [[Roedean School|Roedean]] around the same time as Sidney's spinster sisters, artists Lucy Martineau (1869-1952) and Sarah Madeleine Martineau (1872-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Papers of Sarah Madeleine Martineau |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/826ed5df-739a-4f13-bf68-c85b76a3323f |access-date=4 January 2024 |publisher=The National Archives UK}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Maclaren |first1=P. |title=Royal Fever: The British Monarchy in Consumer Culture |date=2015 |publisher=University of California |page=259 |isbn=978-0-520-96214-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X693CgAAQBAJ&dq=Olive+middleton+Roedean&pg=PA259 |access-date=4 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Crawford |first1=E. |title=Woman and Her Sphere - 'Painting Days at School of Art are perfect bliss: the manuscript diary (1892-1914) of Sarah Madeleine Martineau, art student and craft worker'. |url=https://womanandhersphere.com/tag/sarah-madeleine-martineau/ |publisher=Woman and Her Sphere |access-date=3 January 2024 |quote=Lena [Sarah Madeleine] Martineau and her sister Lucy, [daughters of David Martineau (died 1911)] who was three years older, had been boarders at Roedean school in Sussex, which, recently founded, was much favoured by the daughters of the wealthy non-conformist middle class. When Lena begins her diary in an exercise book in January 1892 one of the first entries relates that Barbara Shore Smith, who had been a contemporary at Roedean...}}</ref>
==Career==
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