Tiryns: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
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Line 52: The famous [[megaron]] of the palace of Tiryns has a large reception hall, the main room of which had a throne placed against the right wall and a central [[hearth]] bordered by four [[Minoan civilization|Minoan]]-style wooden columns that served as supports for the roof. Two of the three walls of the megaron were incorporated into an [[Archaic period in Greece|archaic]] temple of [[Hera]]. The site went into decline at the end of the [[Mycenaean period]], and was completely deserted by the time [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] visited in the 2nd century AD. In 1300 BC, the [[citadel]] and lower town had a population of 10,000 people covering 20–25 hectares. Despite the destruction of the palace in 1200 BC, the city population continued to increase and by 1150 BC it had a population of 15,000 people.<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9DBeI_KhYFQC |title= The Philistines and Aegean Migration at the End of the Late Bronze Age|first= Assaf|last=Yasur-Landau|date= 16 June 2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn= 9781139485876|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/941|title=Archaeological Sites of Mycenae and Tiryns|first=UNESCO World Heritage |last= Centre}} </ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=74JI2UlcU8AC|title=International Dictionary of Historic Places: Southern Europe|first1= Trudy|last1= Ring|first2= Robert M.|last2= Salkin|first3= Sharon La|last3=Boda|date=1 January 1994|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781884964022 |via=Google Books}} </ref> Line 85: ===Classical period=== At the beginning of the [[Classical Greece|Classical period]] Tiryns, like Mycenae, became a relatively insignificant city. When [[Cleomenes I]] of [[Sparta]] defeated the [[Argives]], their slaves occupied Tiryns for many years, according to [[Herodotus]].<ref>[[Herodotus]] Book 6, 83</ref> Herodotus also mentions that Tiryns took part in the [[Battle of Plataea]] in 480 BC with 400 [[hoplites]].<ref>Herodotus Book 9, 28</ref> Even in decline, Mycenae and Tiryns were disturbing to the Argives, who in their political [[propaganda]] wanted to monopolize the glory of legendary (and mythical) ancestors. In 468 BC, Argos completely destroyed both Mycenae and Tiryns, and—according to Pausanias—transferred the residents to Argos, to increase the population of the city.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}} However, [[Strabo]] says that many Tirynthians moved to found the city of Halieis, modern [[Porto Heli]].<ref>[[Strabo]] 8, 373</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/btse1/halieishhistory.htm|title=A Brief History of Halieis|publisher=Geocities|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091021102334/http://geocities.com/btse1/halieishhistory.htm|archive-date=2009-10-21|url-status=dead|access-date=2019-01-11}}</ref> Despite its importance, little value was given to Tiryns and its mythical rulers and traditions by [[epic poetry|epics]] and drama. Pausanias dedicated a short piece (2.25.8) to Tiryns, and newer travelers, traveling to Greece in search of places where the heroes of the ancient texts lived, did not understand the significance of the city. Line 92: The Acropolis was first excavated by [[Alexandros Rizos Rangavis]] and the German scholar [[Friedrich Thiersch]] in 1831.<ref>F. Thiersch, "Thiersch's Leben", Leipzig, 1866</ref> After trial excavations in August 1876, [[Heinrich Schliemann]] considered the palace of Tiryns to be medieval, so he came very close to destroying the remains to excavate deeper for Mycenaean treasures. He returned in 1884 with more archaeological experience and worked for 5 months there.<ref>[https://archive.org/download/bub_gb_pw4BAAAAMAAJ/bub_gb_pw4BAAAAMAAJ.pdf] Heinrich Schliemann et. al., "Tiryns: The prehistoric palace of the kings of Tiryns, the results of the latest excavations", Charles Scribner's Sons, London, 1885</ref> However, the next period of excavation was under [[Wilhelm Dörpfeld]], a director of the [[German Archaeological Institute]]; this time, the ruins were estimated properly.<ref>Jebb, Richard Claverhouse. "The Homeric House, in relation to the Remains at Tiryns." The Journal of Hellenic Studies 7 (1886): 170-188</ref><ref>Middleton, J. Henry. "A Suggested Restoration of the Great Hall in the Palace of Tiryns." The Journal of Hellenic Studies 7 (1886): 161-169</ref> The excavations were repeated later by Dörpfeld with the cooperation of other German archaeologists, who continued his work until 1938. From 1910, the excavations were led by [[Georg Karo]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Matz|first=Friedrich| author-link=Friedrich Matz|date=September 1964|title=Georg Karo| journal=Gnomon| volume=36|number=6|pages=637–640|jstor=27683484}}</ref>{{rp|639}} though the "Tiryns Treasure" was initially excavated in 1915 in Karo's absence by the Greek archaeologist {{ill|Apostolos Arvanitopoulos|el|Απόστολος Αρβανιτόπουλος}}, who was stationed in the region as a reserve officer of the [[Hellenic Army]].<ref name=Maran2006 />{{rp|129}} Karo was removed from his post at the DAI in late 1916, and excavations at Tiryns thereafter ceased until the end of ==Archaeological site== Line 99: The walls extend to the entire area of the top of the hill. Their bases survive throughout all of their length, and their height in some places reaching 7 meters, slightly below the original height, which is estimated at 9–10 m. The walls are quite thick, usually 6 meters, and up to 17 m at the points where the tunnels pass through. A strong transverse wall separates the acropolis into two sections -the south includes the palatial buildings, while the northern protects only the top of the hill area. In this second section, which dates to the end of the Mycenaean era, small gates and many tunnels occasionally open, covered with a triangular roof, which served as a refuge for the inhabitants of the lower city in times of danger.<ref>Zangger, Eberhard. "Landscape changes around Tiryns during the Bronze Age." American Journal of Archaeology 98.2 (1994): 189-212</ref> The entrance of the [[citadel]] was always on the east side, but had a different position and form in each of the three construction phases. In the second phase, the gate had the form of the [[Lion Gate]] of [[Mycenae]]. Left there was a tower and to the right was the arm of the wall, so the gate was well protected, since the attackers were forced to cross a very narrow corridor, while the defense could hit them from above and from both sides. In the third phase, the gate was moved further out. The palace of the king, inside the citadel, similar to that of Mycenae (dimensions 11.8 × 9.8 m) consists of three areas: the outer portico with the two columns, the prodomos (anteroom) and the domos (main room) with the cyclical fireplace that was surrounded by four wooden columns. The lateral compartments of the palace seem to have a second floor. The decoration of the walls of the outer arcade was rich. They had a zone at the bottom of alabaster slabs with relief rosettes and flowers. The rest was decorated with [[fresco]]s. Three doors lead to prodomos and then another to the domos. In the middle of the eastern wall is visible in the floor the place that corresponded to the royal throne. The floor was richly decorated with different themes in the area around the walls and the space between the columns of the fireplace. Of course, here the walls were decorated with paintings. Line 123: {{Authority control}} [[Category: [[Category:Populated places established in the 3rd millennium BC]] [[Category:Populated places disestablished in the 5th century BC]] Line 132 ⟶ 133: [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Greece]] [[Category:Cities in ancient Peloponnese]] ▲[[Category:Argolis]] [[Category:Aegean palaces of the Bronze Age]] [[Category:Former populated places in Greece]] | |||