USS Phoenix (CL-46): Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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{{Short description|1938 Brooklyn-class light cruiser of the US Navy}}

{{For-multi|other ships with the same name|USS Phoenix{{!}}USS ''Phoenix''|this ship's service in the Argentine Navy|ARA General Belgrano{{!}}ARA ''General Belgrano''}}

{{Other ships|USS Phoenix}}

{{merge to|ARA General Belgrano|discuss=Talk:ARA General Belgrano#Merge Proposal|date=August 2024}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

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| Ship builder = [[New York Shipbuilding Corporation]], [[Camden, New Jersey]]

| Ship original cost = $11,975,000 (contract price)

| Ship laid down = 2515 April 1935

| Ship launched = 1912 March 1938

| Ship sponsor = Mrs. Dorothea Kays Moonan

| Ship acquired =

| Ship completed =

| Ship commissioned = 3 October 1938

| Ship decommissioned = 3 July 1946

| Ship reclassified =

| Ship struck = 27 January 1951

| Ship identification = *[[Hull classification symbol#Surface combatant type|Hull symbol]]:CL-46

* [[International Code of Signals|Code letters]]:NAJJ

* {{ICS|November}}{{ICS|Alpha}}{{ICS|Juliet}}{{ICS|Juliet}}

| Ship motto =

| Ship nickname =

| Ship honors = [[Image:Bronze-service-star-3d.png|18px]] [[Image:Silver-service-star-3d.png|20px]] 11 × [[Battle star#Navy warships|battle star]]s

| Ship fate = Sold to [[Argentina]], 9 April 1951, as {{ship|ARA|General17 Belgranode Octubre}}, {{sfn|DANFS: ''Phoenix''}} Torpedoed and sunk on 2 May 1982, during the [[Falklands War]]

| Ship statusnotes =

| Ship notesbadge =

}}

| Ship badge =

{{Infobox ship career

|Ship country=Argentina

|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Argentina}}

|Ship name=''17 de Octubre''

|Ship namesake=17 October 1945, [[Loyalty Day (Argentina)|the day popular demonstrations]] forced the release of [[Juan Perón]]

|Ship acquired=9 April 1951

|Ship renamed=ARA ''General Belgrano'' (C-4)

}}

{{Infobox ship career

|Hide header=yes

|Ship namesake=[[Manuel Belgrano]]

|Ship fate=Torpedoed and sunk on 2 May 1982, during the [[Falklands War]] by {{ship|HMS|Conqueror|S48|6}}

}}

{{Infobox ship characteristics

| Hide header =

| Header caption = (as built)<ref name="ships">{{cite web |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=rp-jAAAAMAAJ |title=Ships' Data, US Naval Vessels |publisher=US Naval Department |date=1 July 1935 |access-date=17 October 2015 |pages=24–31}}</ref>

| Ship class = {{sclass|Brooklyn|cruiser}}

| Ship displacement = *{{convert|10,000|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} (estimated as design)

* {{convert|9,767|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} (standard)

* {{convert|12,207|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} (max)

| Ship length = *{{convert|600|ft|m|abbr=on}} [[Length overall|oa]]

* {{convert|608|ft|4|in|m|abbr=on}} [[Waterline length|lwl]]

| Ship beam = {{convert|61|ft|7|in|m|abbr=on}}

| Ship draft = *{{convert|19|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}} (mean)

* {{convert|24|ft|m|abbr=on}} (max)

| Ship depth =

| Ship decks =

| Ship power = *8 × [[Steam boiler]]s

* {{convert|100,000|shp|kW|abbr=on}}

| Ship propulsion = *4 × [[Steam turbine#Marine propulsion|geared turbines]]

* 4 × [[Propeller|screw]]s

| Ship speed = {{convert|32.5|kn|mph km/h|lk=in|abbr=on}}

| Ship range =

| Ship complement = 868 officers and enlisted

| Ship armament = *15 × [[6"/47 caliber Mark 16 gun|{{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on}}/47]] [[caliber (artillery)|caliber]] guns (5x3)

* 8 × [[5"/25 caliber gun|{{convert|5|in|mm|abbr=on}}/25 caliber]] [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft gun]]s (8×1)

* 8 × [[M2 Browning|caliber {{convert|0.50|in|mm|abbr=on}}]] [[Heavy machine gun|machine guns]]

| Ship armor = *[[Armor belt|Belt]]: {{convert|3+1/4|-|5|in|mm|abbr=on}}

* [[Deck (ship)|Deck]]: {{convert|2|in|mm|abbr=on}}

* [[Barbette]]s: {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on}}

* [[Gun turret|Turret]]s: {{convert|1+1/4|-|6|in|mm|abbr=on}}

* [[Conning tower]]: {{convert|2+1/4|-|5|in|mm|abbr=on}}

| Ship aircraft = 4 × [[Curtiss SOC Seagull|SOC Seagull]] [[floatplane]]s

| Ship aircraft facilities = 2 × [[stern]] [[Aircraft catapult|catapults]]

| Ship notes =

}}

{{Infobox ship characteristics

| Hide header =

| Header caption = (1945)<ref name="history">{{cite web |url= http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_USS_Phoenix_CL46.html |title=USS Phoenix (CL-46) |publisher=Historyofwar.org |date=18 May 2015 |access-date=17 October 2015 |last=Rickard |first=J}}</ref><ref name="haze">{{cite web |url= http://www.hazegray.org/navhist/cruisers/ca-cl1.htm |title=US Cruisers List: Light/Heavy/Antiaircraft Cruisers, Part 1 |publisher=Hazegray.org |date=22 January 2000 |access-date=17 October 2015}}</ref>

| Ship armament = *15 × {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on}}/47 caliber guns (5x3)

* 8 × {{convert|5|in|mm|abbr=on}}/25 caliber anti-aircraft guns (8×1)

* 4 × quad [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|{{convert|40|mm|in|abbr=on}} Bofors]] anti-aircraft guns

* 2 × twin {{convert|40|mm|in|abbr=on}} Bofors anti-aircraft guns

* 18 × single [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|{{convert|20|mm|in|abbr=on}} Oerlikon]] anti-aircraft cannons

}}

|}

'''USS ''Phoenix'' (CL-46)''', was a [[light cruiser]] of the {{sclass|Brooklyn|cruiser|2}} family. She was the third ''Phoenix'' of the [[United States Navy]]. After [[World War II]] the ship was transferred to [[Argentina]] in 1951 and was ultimately renamednamed {{ship|ARA|General Belgrano||2}} in 1956.{{sfn|DANFS: ''Phoenix''}} ''General Belgrano'' was sunk during the [[Falklands War]] in 1982 by the British nuclear-powered submarine {{HMS|Conqueror|S48|6}}, the only ship to have been sunk in combat by a nuclear-powered submarine during wartime.

She was [[Keel laying|laid down]] on 15 April 1935 by the [[New York Shipbuilding Corporation]], [[Camden, New Jersey]]; [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 13 March 1938; sponsored by Mrs. Dorothea Kays Moonan; and [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] at [[Philadelphia Navy Yard]] on 3 October 1938, Captain John W. Rankin in command. Her name was in honor of the [[Phoenix, Arizona|capital city]] of the state of [[Arizona]].{{sfn|DANFS: ''Phoenix''}}

==Service history==

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On 4 and 7 March, ''Phoenix'', ''Nashville'', and {{HMAS|Shropshire|1928|6}} bombarded Hauwei Island (just west of [[Los Negros Island]]) of the Admiralty Group. Enemy guns on this island had threatened [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] positions in the Admiralties, particularly on [[Manus Island]]; and, although return fire from the beach was heavy, enemy batteries ceased firing when shells from the cruisers burst in their vicinity.{{sfn|DANFS: ''Phoenix''}}

In the [[Battle of Hollandia]], the start of the [[Western New Guinea campaign]], [[Jayapura|Hollandia]] was next to fall to the mounting amphibious offensive. This largest assault till'til then undertaken by American forces, was launched by 200 ships. ''Phoenix'' shelled the shore in the [[Yos Sudarso Bay|Humboldt Bay]]-Hollandia area as the troops went ashore on 22 April, and supported them as they consolidated their gains and prepared for further attacks along the northwest coast of the big island. ''Phoenix'' shelled the [[Wakde Airfield|Wakde]] and [[Battle of Lone Tree Hill|Sawar Airfields]] on the night of 29–30 April to neutralize the danger of air attack on newly won Allied positions on New Guinea.{{sfn|DANFS: ''Phoenix''}}

General Douglas MacArthur's troops next landed at Arare on 17 May to secure airfields to support further operations in the [[Netherlands New Guinea]] area. This beachhead was later extended to include [[Wakde Island]] by a shore to shore movement of troops. ''Phoenix'' bombarded the Toem area and escorted the troops to the landing beach.{{sfn|DANFS: ''Phoenix''}}

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The long-awaited re-conquest of the [[Philippines]] began with the landing on [[Leyte (island)|Leyte]]. ''Phoenix'', attached to the Close Covering Group, heavily bombarded the beaches before the highly successful landing on 20 October. Her batteries silenced an enemy strong point holding up the advance of a battalion of the [[19th Infantry Regiment (United States)|19th Infantry Regiment]] and continued to furnish effective callfire.{{sfn|DANFS: ''Phoenix''}}

In the [[battleBattle of Leyte Gulf]], ''Phoenix'' was a unit of Rear Admiral [[Jesse Oldendorf]]'s group which annihilatedneutralised and repelled the Japanese Southern Force in the [[battle of Surigao Strait]]. ''Phoenix'' fired four spotting salvoes, and when the fourth hit, opened up with all of her 6-inch (152 mm) batteries. The target later proved to be {{Ship|Japanese battleship|Yamashiro||2}}, which sank after 27 minutes of concentrated fire from the American fleet. The Japanese also lost {{Ship|Japanese battleship|Fusō||2}} and three destroyers in the battle, and American planes sank {{Ship|Japanese cruiser|Mogami|1934|2}} the next day.{{sfn|DANFS: ''Phoenix''}}

''Phoenix'' then patrolled the mouth of [[Leyte Gulf]] to protect Allied positions on shore. On the morning of 1 November 1944, ten enemy torpedo-bombers attacked her and accompanying ships. At 0945, ''Phoenix'' opened fire and five minutes later, {{USS|Claxton|DD-571|2}} was hit by a ''[[kamikaze]]''. Almost at the same instant, hits from ''Phoenix''{{'}}s {{convert|5|in|mm|abbr=on}} guns set another plane afire but could not prevent it from diving into the starboard bow of {{USS|Ammen|DD-527|2}}. At 0957, a plane making a torpedo run on ''Phoenix'' was shot down by the ship's machine-gun fire, but in a few minutes a bomber hit {{USS|Killen|DD-593|2}}.{{sfn|DANFS: ''Phoenix''}}

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{{main|ARA General Belgrano}}

She was decommissioned on 3 July 1946, and remained at Philadelphia until sold to [[Argentina]] on 9 April 1951. She was commissioned in the [[Navy of the Argentine Republic|Argentine Navy]] as '''''Diecisiete de Octubre'' (C-4)''' on 17 October 1951, renamed {{ship|ARA|General Belgrano}} in 1956, and upgraded in 1967–68 with new Dutch radars and British Sea Cat anti-aircraft missiles. ''General Belgrano'' was sunk during the [[Falklands War]] onin 21982 Maywith 1982the loss of 323 lives by the British attacknuclear-powered submarine {{HMS|Conqueror|S48|6}}, with the lossonly ofship 323ever livessunk in combat by a nuclear-powered submarine.

==Awards==

* [[American Defense Service Medal]] with "FLEET" clasp

* [[Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal]] with eleven [[battle star]]s

* [[World War II Victory Medal]]

* [[Philippine Presidential Unit Citation]]

* [[Philippine Liberation Medal]] with two stars {{sfn|DANFS: ''Phoenix''}}

==References==

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==Bibliography==

* {{cite book |last1=Craven |first1=Wesley Frank |last2=Cate |first2=James Lea |year=1948 |title=Plans and early operations, January 1939 to August 1942 |series=The Army Air Forces In World War II |volume=One |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Office of Air Force History |isbn=091279903X |lccn=83017288}}

* {{cite book |last=Gill |first=G Hermon |author-link=G. Hermon Gill |title=Royal Australian Navy 1939-19421939–1942 |series=Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 2 – Navy |volume=1 |year=1957 |publisher=Australian War Memorial |place=Canberra |lccn=58037940 |url=http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/second_world_war/volume.asp?levelID=67910 |access-date=2 January 2014 |archive-date=25 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525001721/http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/second_world_war/volume.asp?levelID=67910 |url-status=dead }}▼

*{{cite book |last=Gill |first=G Hermon |author-link=G. Hermon Gill

* {{cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/p6/phoenix-iii.htm |title=''Phoenix'' |author=Naval History And Heritage Command |ref={{sfnRef|DANFS: ''Phoenix''}}|work=Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships |publisher=Naval History And Heritage Command |access-date=1 January 2014}}▼

▲ |title=Royal Australian Navy 1939-1942 |series=Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 2 – Navy |volume=1 |year=1957 |publisher=Australian War Memorial |place=Canberra |lccn=58037940 |url= http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/second_world_war/volume.asp?levelID=67910}}

* {{cite book |last1=Matloff |first1=Maurice |last2=Snell |first2=Edwin M |year=1953–59 |title=The War Department: Strategic Planning For Coalition Warfare 1941–1942 |series=United States Army In World War II |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Center Of Military History, United States Army |lccn=53-61477}}

▲*{{cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/p6/phoenix-iii.htm |title=''Phoenix'' |author=Naval History And Heritage Command |ref={{sfnRef|DANFS: ''Phoenix''}}|work=Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships |publisher=Naval History And Heritage Command |access-date=1 January 2014}}

* {{cite book |last1last=MatloffMorison |first1first=MauriceSamuel |last2=Snell |first2=Edwin M |year=1953–59Eliot |title=The WarRising Department:Sun Strategicin Planningthe ForPacific Coalition|publisher=Little, Warfare 1941–1942Brown |series=History of United States Armynaval Inoperations in World War II |placevolume=Washington,3 DC|year=1947–62 |publisherchapter=Center Of Military History, United States ArmyXIX |lccn=53-6147747001571}}

*{{cite book |last=Morison |first=Samuel Eliot |title=The Rising Sun in the Pacific |publisher=Little, Brown |series=History of United States naval operations in World War II |volume=3 |year=1947–62 |chapter=XIX |lccn=47001571}}

* {{cite book |title=The Ships and Aircraft of the US Fleet, Two-Ocean Fleet Edition |last=Fahey |first=James C |author-link=James Charles Fahey |publisher=Ships and Aircraft |year=1941}}

* {{cite journal |last1=Wright |first1=Christopher C |title=Question 7/56: Concerning What Radar Systems Were Installed on U.S. Asiatic Fleet Ships in December 1941 |journal=Warship International |date=September 2019 |volume=LVI |issue=3 |pages=192–198 |issn=0043-0374}}

{{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/p/phoenix-iii.html}}

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* {{navsource|04/046/04046|USS Phoenix}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071226015311/http://www.sherryfelix.com/Hechler/PearlHarbor_Hechler.html <!-- [http://www.sherryfelix.com/Hechler/PearlHarbor_Hechler.html --> Wayback Machine: ''Like Swatting Bees in a Telephone Booth'' by Commander Ted Hechler, Jr., U. S. Navy (Retired)]

* [https://archive.org/details/sim_boston-phoenix_1982-05-18_11_20/page/n11/mode/1up Remembrance: The ''USS Phoenix'', 1937-'82]

{{Portal bar|Argentina|Arizona}}

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{{Brooklyn class cruiser}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Phoenix (Cl-46)}}

[[Category:Brooklyn-class cruisers]]

[[Category:Ships built in Camden,by New JerseyYork Shipbuilding Corporation]]

[[Category:1938 ships]]

[[Category:World War II cruisers of the United States]]