University of Siena: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

Line 12:

|endowment =

|staff =

|rector =FrancescoRoberto FratiDi Pietra

|students =2015,000589 (academic year 2021-22)

|undergrad =

|postgrad =

Line 28:

|logo =

}}

The '''University of Siena''' ({{lang-it|'''Università degli Studi di Siena'''}}, abbreviation: '''UNISI''') in [[Siena]], [[Tuscany]], is one of the oldest and first publicly funded universitiesuniversity as well as one of the oldest in [[Italy]]. Originally called ''Studium Senese'', the institution was founded in 1240. It had around 2016,000 students in 20062022,<ref name="populationustat">{{cite web | title = RapportoMinistero Nucleo di Valutazione 2006: Studentidell'Università e Carrieredella Ricerca, -Portale POPOLAZIONEdei STUDENTESCAdati dell'istruzione | publisher = Università degli Studi di Siena superiore | url = http://wwwustat.unisimiur.it/nucleodivalutazione/2006/didattica/carriere/popolazione.html | access-date = 20082023-04-0506}}</ref> which is nearly halfone-third of [[Siena]]'s total population of around 5453,000. Today, the University of Siena is best known for its Schoolsschools of Lawlaw, Medicinemedicine, and Economicseconomics and Managementmanagement.

==History==

Line 36:

==== The School of Humanities and Philosophy ====

On December 26, 1240, [[Ildebrandino Cacciaconti]], the then [[podestà]] of Siena, signed a decree imposing a tax on citizens of Siena who rented rooms to students of the local "''Studium Senese''". The money from this tax went totowards paypaying for the salaries of the ''maestri'' (teachers) of this new studium.<ref name="unihis">

{{cite web

|url=http://www.unisi.it/english/storiaint_en.htm

Line 42:

|access-date=2008-04-05

|publisher=Università degli Studi di Siena |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080309075517/http://www.unisi.it/english/storiaint_en.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2008-03-09}}

</ref> The studium was further supported when, in 1252, [[Innocent IV|Pope Innocent IV]] declared both its teachers and students completely immune from taxes and forced labour levied on their person or property by the city of Siena.<ref>de Ridder-Symoens, ''Universities in the Middle Ages''. p93</ref> Moreover, the commune exempted teachers of law and Latin from military service and teachers of Latin were also excused from their duties as night watchmen. By the early 14th century, there were five teachers of Latin, logic and law and two doctors of natural sciences (medicine).<ref>Waley, ''Siena and the Sienese in the thirteenth century''. p159</ref>

One of the most notable maestri of the School of Medicine was [[Pietro Ispano|Pietro Ispano (Pope John XXI)]]. Ispano was an illustrious philosopher, personal doctor to [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Frederick II]], and in 1276 became [[John XXI|Pope John XXI]].

In 1321, the studium was able to attract a larger number or pupils due to a mass exodus from the prestigious [[University of Bologna]] when one of its students was sentenced to death by Bologna's magistrates for supposedly kidnapping a young woman. Partly at the instigation of their law lecturer Guglielmo Tolomei, the student body there unleashed a great protest at the Bolognese authority and Siena, supported by generous funding from the local commune, was able to accommodate the students resigning from the ''Studium Bolognese''.

Line 53:

The ''Casa della Sapienza'' was built in the early 15th century as a center combining classrooms and housing for those enrolled in the Studium. It had been proposed by bishop [[Mormille]] in 1392, was completed twenty years later, and its first occupants took up residence in 1416. Room and board in 1416 cost fifty gold florins for a semester.<ref name="unihis"/>

By the mid-14th century, Siena had declined as a power in [[Tuscany]], eclipsed by the rise in power of [[Florence]], who defeated the [[Republic of Siena]] in 1555. The city authorities, however, successfully asked the [[Medici]] (the hereditary dukes of Florence at the time) to preserve the academy. Francesco and later [[Grand Duke Ferdinando I]], reforms were made with new statutes and new preogativesprerogatives. The post of ''Rettore'' (Rector), elected by students and city magistrates, was also instituted.

In 1737, the Medici line became extinct and the rule of Tuscany passed to the French [[House of Lorraine]]. In this period, the Tuscan economist [[Sallustio Bandini]], seemingly determined to "improve the intellectual stimulation of his native Siena" solicited scholarships from rich patrons for the university and also set up a large library, which he eventually bequeathed to the university.<ref>Wahnbaeck, ''Luxury and public happiness''. p96</ref>

Line 67:

In 1892, the Minister of Public Education, [[Ferdinando Martini]], launched a proposal aimed at suppressing the Sienese academy’s activities. Siena perceived this as a declaration of war and was backed immediately by a general tradesmen’s strike, the intervention of all of the town’s institutions and by a genuine uprising of the population – all of which induced the minister to withdraw the project. Having escaped this danger, the town went back to investing its resources in the university setting up new degrees and new faculties. The bank [[Monte dei Paschi di Siena]] financed the construction of the biology department.<ref name="unihis"/>

The 20th century witnessed the growth of the University of Siena, with the student population escalating from four hundred between the wars to more than 2015,000 in the last few years.<ref name="populationustat"/><ref name="unihis"/>

During the start of the academic year, on November 7, 1990 the Sienese academy celebrated its 750th anniversary.

==Notable students, alumni and faculty==

*[[Pietro Ispano]] (c. 1215–1277), Pope [[John XXI]], Professor of Medicine

*[[Cino da Pistoia]] (1270–1336/37), Professor of Law

Line 77:

*[[Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte]] (1487–1555), Pope [[Julius III]], studied law at Siena

*[[Francesco Accarigi]] (c. 1557–1622), Professor of Civil Law

*[[Fabio Chigi]], Pope [[Alexander VII]]

*[[Domenico Barduzzi]] (1847-1929), dermatologist and hydrologist

*[[Arrigo Solmi]] (1873-1944), Minister of Justice in the cabinet of [[Benito Mussolini]]

*[[Virginia Angiola Borrino]] (1880–1965), Professor of Medicine and the first woman to serve as head of a University Pediatric Ward in Italy<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.donnemedico.org/wp-content/uploads/StoriaAIDM.pdf |title=Storia Dell'Associazione Italiana Donne Medico (AIDM) (1921 - 2001) |trans-title=History of the Italian Association of Medical Women (AIDM) (1921 - 2001)|last1=D'Ajutolo |first1=Luisa Longhena |last2=Nasi |first2=Bianca Teglio |date=2021 |website=donnemedico.org |publisher=Italian Association of Medical Women |access-date=July 7, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Angiola Borrino |first=Virginia |title=La mia vita |year=2017 |publisher=Hoepli |isbn=978-88-203-7934-6 |page=5}}</ref>

*[[Piero Calamandrei]] (1889–1956), Professor at the Law school in Siena

*[[Carlo Rosselli]] (1899–1937), political leader, journalist, historian and anti-fascist activist

*[[Richard M. Goodwin]] (1913–1996), Professor, mathematician and economist

*[[Norberto Bobbio]] (1909–2004), Professor of Philosophy

*[[Frank Hahn]] (1925–2013), Professor of Economics, Director of the PhD program of the Economics Department

*[[JeanMauro BlondelBarni]] (born 19291927-2017), Professor of comparativeBioethics, Rector and Mayor of politicsSiena

*[[Jean Blondel]] (1929-2022), Professor of comparative politics

*[[Luigi Berlinguer]] (1932-2023), Professor of Law, Rector and Minister of Education

*[[Samuel Bowles (economist)|Samuel Bowles]] (born 1939), American economist, professor of Economics

*[[Steven Lukes]] (born 1941), British sociologist

*[[Antonio Tabucchi]] (1943–2012), Italian writer, Professor of Portuguese language and literature

*[[Paul Ginsborg]] (born 1945-2022), British historian, Professor of Contemporary History

*[[DesiderioRiccardo PassaliFrancovich]] (born 19471946-2007), director of the ENT departmentarchaeologist and professor of otolaryngologyMedieval archaeology

*[[Desiderio Passali]] (born 1947), former director of the ENT department and professor of otolaryngology

*[[Rino Rappuoli]] (born 1952), Italian Biologist▼

*[[Silvana Sciarra]] (born 1948), former President of the [[Constitutional Court of Italy]]

▲*[[Rino Rappuoli]] (born 1952), Italian Biologist, chief scientist of [[GSK plc|GSK]]

*[[Carlo Cottarelli]] (born 1954), economist and former director of the [[International Monetary Fund]]

*[[Gianna Nannini]] (born 1954), Italian pop singer

*[[Emanuele Papi]] (born 1959), professor of classical archaeologist, director of [[Italian Archaeological School of Athens]]

*[[Yusuf Garaad Omar]] (born 1960), journalist and politician

*[[Antonio Giordano]] (born 1962), Professor of Pathology

*[[Carlo Bellieni]] (born 1962), associate professor of Pediatrics, bioethicist

*[[Domenico Prattichizzo]] (born 1965), Professor of Robotics and Automation

*[[Luigi Marattin]] (born 1979), politician and economist

==Organization==

Since 2012, after the general reform of Italian Universities ("Gelmini Act"), the University is composed of fifteenfourteen departments, grouped in four areas:

* '''Biomedical and Medical Sciences'''

** Department of [[Biotechnology|Medical Biotechnologies]]

Line 105 ⟶ 119:

* '''Experimental Sciences'''

** Department of [[Biotechnology]], [[Chemistry]] and [[Pharmacy]]

** Department of [[Information engineering (field)|Information Engineering]] and [[Mathematics]]

** Department of [[Life Sciences]]

** Department of [[Physics|Physical Sciences]], [[Earth science|Earth]] and [[Environmental science|Environment]]

* '''Literature, History, Philosophy and the Arts'''

** Department of [[Philology]] and [[Literary criticism|Literary Criticism]]

** Department of [[EducationSocial science|Social]], [[HumanPolitical science|Human SciencesPolitical]] and [[InterculturalCognitive communication|Intercultural CommunicationSciences]]

** Department of [[Social science|Social]], [[Political science|PoliticalHistory]] and [[Cognitive science|CognitiveCultural SciencesHeritage]]

** Department of [[History]] and [[Cultural heritage|Cultural Heritage]]

Each department offers graduate and undergraduate courses.

Line 124 ⟶ 137:

* The School of Humanities and Philosophy – [[Arezzo]]

* The School of [[Jurisprudence]]

* The School of [[Mathematical sciences|Mathematical]], [[physics|Physical]] and [[Natural science|Natural Sciences]]

* The School of [[Medicine]] and [[Surgery]]

* The School of [[Pharmacy]]

* The School of [[Political Science]]

{{peacock|date=January 2021}}

[[Siena]]'s campus is the city. The academy lives as an integral part of the urban fabric in both space and time. Thus there is an uneasy equilibrium between city and university, where 2015,000600 students live among the 5053,000 Sienese. While the Sienese are proud of their native traditions, the more polyglot university prides itself on diversity, with which as the historian [[Francesco Guicciardini|Guicciardini]] would put it, with an ambiguity possibly ironic, ''{{lang|it|non havvi genio''}} – there is no genius.

Recently, the Universityuniversity has returned historical buildings to the city, which are being made into apartments or used by the contradas. At the same time, it is thanks to the intervention of the Universityuniversity that many buildings which risked falling into ruin were saved, making institutions of study out of a part of the city patrimony that might have otherwise been lost. The Facultiesfaculties of [[Engineering]] and [[Literature]], for example, have found space for their departments in the large rooms of what was once the San Niccolò Psychiatric Hospital. The same holds true for the transformation of the former Convent of Santa Chiara into the first collegiate residence in Italy, reserved for those working towards a European postgraduate degree. The church of [[San Vigilio, Siena|San Vigilio]] serves as university chapel.

New university buildings have even been built in the city centre such as the one that houses the Faculty of [[Political Science]] and [[Law]], whose architectural style blends with the secular surroundings creating a balance between preservation and innovation. The ten university dormitories are adapted to the urban fabric and are located within the historical centre (Fontebranda, Mattioli, Porrione, Sperandie, San Marco), on the outskirts (Acquacalda) and near the extended areas of the university (San Miniato).

==Degree Courses==

For the academic year 20172022-1823 the following degree courses are provided (medium of instruction in parenthesisparentheses)

* '''Biotechnologies, Medicine, Dentistry, Health Professions'''

* '''Biomedical and Medical Sciences'''

** <u>Undergraduate</u> (3 years)

*** ''Strategies andAudioprothesic techniques of communication'' {{in lang|it}}▼

*** ''Biomedical laboratory technique''s {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Biotechnologies'' {{in lang|it}}

Line 152 ⟶ 166:

*** ''Speech and language therapy'' {{in lang|it}}

** <u>Graduate</u> (2 years)

*** ''Biotechnologies of human reproduction'' {{in lang|en}}

*** ''ModernGenetic literaturescounsellors'' {{in lang|iten}}▼

*** ''Health professions of rehabilitation sciences'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Medical biotechnologies'' {{in lang|en}}

Line 158 ⟶ 174:

*** ''Dentistry and dental prosthodontics'' {{in lang|en}}

*** ''Medicine and surgery'' {{in lang|it}}

* '''Economics, Law and, Political Sciences, Social Sciences'''

** <u>Pre-university</u> (1 year)

*** ''Foundation Course of the School of Economics and Management'' {{in lang|en}}

** <u>Undergraduate</u> (3 years)

*** ''Communication sciences'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Counsellor of labour lawEconomics and labour relationsbanking'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Economics and bankingbusiness'' {{in lang|it|en}}

*** ''Economics and businessmanagement'' {{in lang|it|en}}

*** ''MathematicsLegal services'' {{in lang|it}}▼

*** ''Political sciences'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Social work'' {{in lang|it}}

** <u>Graduate</u> (2 years)

*** ''AnthropologyCommunication andstrategies visualand studiestechniques'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Engineering managementEconomics'' {{in lang|en}}▼

*** ''Economics and management of financial institutions'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Economics for the environment and sustainability'' {{in lang|it|en}}

*** ''Finance'' {{in lang|en}}

*** ''International accounting and management'' {{in lang|it|en}}

*** ''CommunicationInternational sciencesstudies'' {{in lang|it|en}}▼

*** ''Language and mind: linguistics and cognitive studies'' {{in lang|en}}

*** ''Management and governance'' {{in lang|it|en}}

*** ''Public and cultural diplomacy'' {{in lang|en}}

*** ''Sciences of administrations'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''EngineeringSocial sustainability and welfare management'' {{in lang|it}}▼

*** ''Statistics for sample surveys'' {{in lang|it}}

▲*** ''Strategies and techniques of communication'' {{in lang|it}}

** <u>Single cycle</u> (5 years)

*** ''Law'' {{in lang|it}}

* '''ExperimentalEnvironmental Sciences, Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Geology'''

** <u>Undergraduate</u> (3 years)

*** ''Geosciences and applied geology[[Agribusiness]]'' {{in lang|it}}▼

*** ''Biological sciences'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Chemical sciences'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Computer and information engineering'' {{in lang|it}}▼

▲*** ''Engineering management'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Geological sciences'' {{in lang|it}}

▲*** ''Mathematics'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Natural and environmental sciences'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Physics and advanced technologies'' {{in lang|it}}▼

** <u>Graduate</u> (2 years)

*** ''AppliedBiodiversity, mathematicsconservation and environmental quality'' {{in lang|en}}

*** ''Biology'' {{in lang|it|en}}

*** ''Chemistry'' {{in lang|en}}

*** ''ComputerEcotoxicology and automation[[environmental engineeringsustainability]]'' {{in lang|enit}}

*** ''EcotoxicologyGeological andsciences environmentaland sustainabilitytechnologies'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Electronics and communications engineering'' {{in lang|en}}▼

▲*** ''Engineering management'' {{in lang|en}}

▲*** ''Geosciences and applied geology'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Health biology'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Sustainable industrial pharmaceutical biotechnology'' {{in lang|en}}

** <u>Single cycle</u> (5 years)

*** ''Pharmaceutical chemistry and technology'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Pharmacy'' {{in lang|it}}

* '''LiteraturePhysics, HistoryEngineering, Philosophy and the ArtsMathematics'''

** <u>Undergraduate</u> (3 years)

▲*** ''Computer and information engineering'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Engineering management'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Mathematics'' {{in lang|it}}

▲*** ''Physics and advanced technologies'' {{in lang|it}}

** <u>Graduate</u> (2 years)

*** ''Applied mathematics'' {{in lang|en}}

*** ''Artificial intelligence and automation engineering'' {{in lang|en}}

▲*** ''Electronics and communications engineering'' {{in lang|en}}

*** ''Engineering management'' {{in lang|en}}

* '''Cultural Heritage, Education, Literature, Languages, History, Philosophy'''

** <u>Undergraduate</u> (3 years)

▲*** ''Communication sciences'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Education'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''History and cultural heritage'' {{in lang|it}}

Line 217 ⟶ 243:

*** ''History and philosophy'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''History of art'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Italian studies'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Language and mind: linguistics and cognitive studies'' {{in lang|en}}

▲*** ''Modern literatures'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Strategies and techniques of communication'' {{in lang|it}}

==Points of interest==