University of Siena: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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The '''University of Siena''' ({{lang-it|'''Università degli Studi di Siena'''}}, abbreviation: '''UNISI''') in [[Siena]], [[Tuscany]], is one of the oldest and first publicly funded universitiesuniversity as well as one of the oldest in [[Italy]]. Originally called ''Studium Senese'', the institution was founded in 1240. It had around 16,000 students in 2022,<ref name="ustat">{{cite web | title = Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca, Portale dei dati dell'istruzione superiore | url = http://ustat.miur.it | access-date = 2023-04-06}}</ref> which is nearly one-third of [[Siena]]'s total population of around 53,000. Today, the University of Siena is best known for its Schoolsschools of Lawlaw, Medicinemedicine, and Economicseconomics and Managementmanagement.

==History==

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==== The School of Humanities and Philosophy ====

On December 26, 1240, [[Ildebrandino Cacciaconti]], the then [[podestà]] of Siena, signed a decree imposing a tax on citizens of Siena who rented rooms to students of the local "''Studium Senese''". The money from this tax went totowards paypaying for the salaries of the ''maestri'' (teachers) of this new studium.<ref name="unihis">

{{cite web

|url=http://www.unisi.it/english/storiaint_en.htm

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|publisher=Università degli Studi di Siena |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080309075517/http://www.unisi.it/english/storiaint_en.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2008-03-09}}

</ref> The studium was further supported when, in 1252, [[Innocent IV|Pope Innocent IV]] declared both its teachers and students completely immune from taxes and forced labour levied on their person or property by the city of Siena.<ref>de Ridder-Symoens, ''Universities in the Middle Ages''. p93</ref> Moreover, the commune exempted teachers of law and Latin from military service and teachers of Latin were also excused from their duties as night watchmen. By the early 14th century, there were five teachers of Latin, logic and law and two doctors of natural sciences (medicine).<ref>Waley, ''Siena and the Sienese in the thirteenth century''. p159</ref>

One of the most notable maestri of the School of Medicine was [[Pietro Ispano|Pietro Ispano (Pope John XXI)]]. Ispano was an illustrious philosopher, personal doctor to [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Frederick II]], and in 1276 became [[John XXI|Pope John XXI]].

In 1321, the studium was able to attract a larger number or pupils due to a mass exodus from the prestigious [[University of Bologna]] when one of its students was sentenced to death by Bologna's magistrates for supposedly kidnapping a young woman. Partly at the instigation of their law lecturer Guglielmo Tolomei, the student body there unleashed a great protest at the Bolognese authority and Siena, supported by generous funding from the local commune, was able to accommodate the students resigning from the ''Studium Bolognese''.

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During the start of the academic year, on November 7, 1990 the Sienese academy celebrated its 750th anniversary.

==Notable students, alumni and faculty==

*[[Pietro Ispano]] (c. 1215–1277), Pope [[John XXI]], Professor of Medicine

*[[Cino da Pistoia]] (1270–1336/37), Professor of Law

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*[[Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte]] (1487–1555), Pope [[Julius III]], studied law at Siena

*[[Francesco Accarigi]] (c. 1557–1622), Professor of Civil Law

*[[Pope Alexander VII|Fabio Chigi]], Pope [[Pope Alexander VII|Alexander VII]]

*[[Domenico Barduzzi]] (1847-1929), dermatologist and hydrologist

*[[Arrigo Solmi]] (1873-1944), Minister of Justice in the cabinet of [[Benito Mussolini]]

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*[[Frank Hahn]] (1925–2013), Professor of Economics, Director of the PhD program of the Economics Department

*[[Mauro Barni]] (1927-2017), Professor of Bioethics, Rector and Mayor of Siena

*[[Jean Blondel]] (born 1929-2022), Professor of comparative politics

*[[Luigi Berlinguer]] (born 1932-2023), Professor of Law, Rector and Minister of Education

*[[Samuel Bowles (economist)|Samuel Bowles]] (born 1939), American economist, professor of Economics

*[[Steven Lukes]] (born 1941), British sociologist

*[[Antonio Tabucchi]] (1943–2012), Italian writer, Professor of Portuguese language and literature

*[[Paul Ginsborg]] (born 1945-2022), British historian, Professor of Contemporary History

*[[Riccardo Francovich]] (1946-2007), archaeologist and professor of Medieval archaeology

*[[Desiderio Passali]] (born 1947), former director of the ENT department and professor of otolaryngology

*[[Silvana Sciarra]] (born 1948), currentformer President of the [[Constitutional Court of Italy]]

*[[Rino Rappuoli]] (born 1952), Italian Biologist, chief scientist of [[GSK plc|GSK]]

*[[Carlo Cottarelli]] (born 1954), economist and former director of the [[International Monetary Fund]]

*[[Gianna Nannini]] (born 1954), Italian pop singer

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* '''Experimental Sciences'''

** Department of [[Biotechnology]], [[Chemistry]] and [[Pharmacy]]

** Department of [[Information engineering (field)|Information Engineering]] and [[Mathematics]]

** Department of [[Life Sciences]]

** Department of [[Physics|Physical Sciences]], [[Earth science|Earth]] and [[Environmental science|Environment]]

* '''Literature, History, Philosophy and the Arts'''

** Department of [[Philology]] and [[Literary criticism|Literary Criticism]]

** Department of [[Social science|Social]], [[Political science|Political]] and [[Cognitive science|Cognitive Sciences]]

** Department of [[History]] and [[Cultural heritage|Cultural Heritage]]

Each department offers graduate and undergraduate courses.

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* The School of Humanities and Philosophy – [[Arezzo]]

* The School of [[Jurisprudence]]

* The School of [[Mathematical sciences|Mathematical]], [[physics|Physical]] and [[Natural science|Natural Sciences]]

* The School of [[Medicine]] and [[Surgery]]

* The School of [[Pharmacy]]

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[[Siena]]'s campus is the city. The academy lives as an integral part of the urban fabric in both space and time. Thus there is an uneasy equilibrium between city and university, where 15,600 students live among the 53,000 Sienese. While the Sienese are proud of their native traditions, the more polyglot university prides itself on diversity, with which as the historian [[Francesco Guicciardini|Guicciardini]] would put it, with an ambiguity possibly ironic, {{lang|it|non havvi genio}} – there is no genius.

Recently, the Universityuniversity has returned historical buildings to the city, which are being made into apartments or used by the contradas. At the same time, it is thanks to the intervention of the Universityuniversity that many buildings which risked falling into ruin were saved, making institutions of study out of a part of the city patrimony that might have otherwise been lost. The Facultiesfaculties of [[Engineering]] and [[Literature]], for example, have found space for their departments in the large rooms of what was once the San Niccolò Psychiatric Hospital. The same holds true for the transformation of the former Convent of Santa Chiara into the first collegiate residence in Italy, reserved for those working towards a European postgraduate degree. The church of [[San Vigilio, Siena|San Vigilio]] serves as university chapel.

New university buildings have even been built in the city centre such as the one that houses the Faculty of [[Political Science]] and [[Law]], whose architectural style blends with the secular surroundings creating a balance between preservation and innovation. The ten university dormitories are adapted to the urban fabric and are located within the historical centre (Fontebranda, Mattioli, Porrione, Sperandie, San Marco), on the outskirts (Acquacalda) and near the extended areas of the university (San Miniato).

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* '''Environmental Sciences, Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Geology'''

** <u>Undergraduate</u> (3 years)

*** ''[[Agribusiness]]'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Biological sciences'' {{in lang|it}}

*** ''Chemical sciences'' {{in lang|it}}