Williams FJ44: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
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{{short description|Small turbofan engine}}
{{primary|date=November 2021}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{|{{Infobox Aircraftaircraft Beginbegin
|name= FJ44
|image=Williams FJ44-3ATW.jpg
|caption=A Williams FJ44-3ATW turbofan engine
}}
{{Infobox Aircraftaircraft Engineengine
|type= [[Turbofan]]
|national origin = [[United States]]
|manufacturer= [[Williams International]]
|first run= 1985 <ref name="FlightGlobal Archives">{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1985/1985%20-%202808.html?search=FJ44|title= Williams Imagines Future Concept |work= Flight International |date= 12 October 1985 |access-date=6 April 2017}}</ref>
|major applications= [[Beechcraft Premier I]] <br> [[Cessna CitationJet]] <br> [[Piper PiperJet Altaire]] <br> [[Saab 105]] <br> [[Grob G180 SPn]] <br> [[Pilatus PC-24]]
|number built =
|program cost =
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|}
The '''Williams FJ44''' is a family of small, two-spool, [[turbofan]] engines produced by [[Williams International]]/[[Rolls-Royce Holdings|Rolls-Royce]] for the [[light business jet]] market. Until the recent boom in the [[very light jet]] market, the FJ44 was one of the smallest turbofans available for civilian applications. Although basically a Williams design, Rolls-Royce was brought into the project, at an early stage, to design, develop, and manufacture an air-cooled high-pressure (HP) turbine for the engine. The FJ44 first flew on July 12, 1988 on the [[Scaled Composites Triumph|Scaled Composites/Beechcraft Triumph]] aircraft.
The [[Williams FJ33]] is a newer, smaller engine based on the basic FJ44 design.
==Development==
==Design and development==
Production started in 1992 with the {{Convert|1900|lbf|kN|abbr=on|lk=on}} thrust '''FJ44-1A'''. The '''FJ44-1C''' is derated to {{Convert|1500|lbf|kN|abbr=on}}.
Production started in 1992 with the 1900 lbf (8.45 kN) thrust '''FJ44-1A''', which comprises a 20.9 in (531 mm) diameter single stage [[blisk]] fan plus a single intermediate pressure (IP) booster stage, driven by a 2 stage low pressure (LP) turbine, supercharging a single stage centrifugal high pressure (HP) compressor, driven by a single stage uncooled high pressure (HP) turbine. The combustor is an impingement cooled annular design. Fuel is delivered to the combustor through an unusual rotating fuel nozzle system, rather than the standard fuel-air mixers or vapourisers. The bypass duct runs the full length the engine. Specific fuel consumption at 1900 lbf (8.45 kN) thrust at SLS, ISA is understood to be 0.456 lb/(hr lbf). A derated version, the 1500 lbf (6.67 kN) thrust '''FJ44-1C''' has an SFC of 0.460 lb/(hr lbf).<ref>[http://www.williams-int.com/high/product/engines/fj44-1.htm FJ44-1] at [http://www.williams-int.com www.williams-int.com], Accessed 2006-05-07</ref><ref>[http://defence.rolls-royce.com/FJ44-gas-turbines-for-trainer-aircraft/ FJ44 for military trainer aircraft] at [http://defence.rolls-royce.com defence.rolls-royce.com], Accessed 2006-05-07</ref>
The uprated to {{Convert|2300|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} '''FJ44-2A''' was introduced in 1997.
The {{Convert|2820|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} thrust '''FJ44-3A''' was introduced in 2004.
In 2005, a new low end version, the '''FJ44-1AP''', was introduced, with a {{Convert|1965|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} takeoff thrust.
Released in 2007 was the new {{Convert|3600|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} thrust '''FJ44-4'''. In 2010 this engine was in use on the [[Cessna CitationJet#Model 525C|Cessna CJ4]], and since 2018 also on the new [[Pilatus PC-24]].
==Design==
An uprated version, the 2300 lbf (10.23 kN) thrust '''FJ44-2A''', was introduced in 1997. It has a larger 21.7 in (551 mm) diameter fan, with two additional booster stages to increase core flow. Owing to stressing considerations, the centrifugal compressor is throttled-back aerodynamically to a lower HPC pressure ratio than the -1. Other features include an exhaust mixer and an electronic fuel control unit.<ref>[http://www.williamsint.com/high/product/engines/fj44-2.htm FJ44-2] at [http://www.williams-int.com www.williams-int.com], Accessed 2006-05-07</ref> The 2400 lbf (10.68 kN) thrust '''FJ44-2C''' is similar to the -2A, but incorporates an integrated hydromechanical fuel control unit.
The FJ44-1A has a single stage [[blisk]] fan plus a single intermediate pressure (IP) booster stage, both driven by a 2 stage low pressure (LP) turbine, and supercharging a single stage centrifugal high pressure (HP) compressor, driven by a single stage uncooled high pressure (HP) turbine. The combustor is an impingement cooled annular design. Fuel is delivered to the combustor through an unusual rotating fuel nozzle system, rather than the standard fuel-air mixers or vapourisers. The bypass duct runs the full length of the engine.
Further updates include the 2004 introduction of the 2820 lbf (12.54 kN) thrust '''FJ44-3A''', which is similar to the -2A, but features an increased diameter fan and dual channel FADEC (Full Authority Digital Engine Control) unit.<ref>[http://www.williams-int.com/high/product/engines/fj44-3.htm FJ44-3] at [http://www.williams-int.com www.williams-int.com], Accessed 2006-05-07</ref> The 2490 lbf (11.08 kN) thrust '''FJ44-3A-24''' is a derated version of the -3A.
The FJ44-2A has two additional booster compressor stages.
In 2005, a new low end version, the '''FJ44-1AP''', was introduced, with a 1965 lbf (8.74 kN) takeoff thrust, 5% better specific fuel consumption, and lower internal temperatures. The -1AP is similar to the -1A, except for a higher pressure ratio fan, a new combustor and LP turbine, a new full length bypass duct/exhaust mixer and a dual channel FADEC.<ref>[http://www.williams-int.com/high/product/engines/fj44-1ap.htm FJ44-1AP] at [http://www.williams-int.com www.williams-int.com], Accessed 2006-05-07</ref>
Released in 2007 was the new 3600 lbf (16.01 kN) thrust '''FJ44-4''', which has a hi-tech fan of larger diameter than the -3 unit.<ref>[http://www.williams-int.com/information.html?pid=1 FJ44-4] at [http://www.williams-int.com www.williams-int.com], Accessed 2010-03-12</ref> As of March 2010, this engine was only in use on the [[Cessna CitationJet#Model 525C|Cessna CJ4]].
==Variants==
;FJ44-1A
: {{Convert|1900|lbf|kN|abbr=on|lk=on}} thrust, production started in 1992, {{Convert|20.9|in|mm|abbr=on}} diameter fan, [[Specific fuel consumption (thrust)|SFC]] at full thrust at SLS, ISA is understood to be 0.456 lb/(hr lbf),
;FJ44-1AP
: {{Convert|1965|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} takeoff thrust, introduced in 2005, 5% better specific fuel consumption, lower internal temperatures, similar to the -1A with a higher pressure ratio fan, a new combustor and LP turbine, a new full length bypass duct/exhaust mixer and a dual channel [[FADEC]].<ref>[http://www.williams-int.com/high/product/engines/fj44-1ap.htm FJ44-1AP] at [http://www.williams-int.com www.williams-int.com], Accessed 2006-05-07</ref>
;FJ44-1C
: {{Convert|1500|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} thrust, derated version of the FJ44-1A, SFC of {{Convert|0.460|lb/lbf/h|kg/kN/h|abbr=on}}.<ref>[http://www.williams-int.com/high/product/engines/fj44-1.htm FJ44-1] at [http://www.williams-int.com www.williams-int.com], Accessed 2006-05-07</ref><ref>[http://defence.rolls-royce.com/FJ44-gas-turbines-for-trainer-aircraft/ FJ44 for military trainer aircraft] at [http://defence.rolls-royce.com defence.rolls-royce.com], Accessed 2006-05-07</ref>
;FJ44-2A
: {{Convert|2300|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} thrust, introduced in 1997, larger {{Convert|21.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} diameter fan, with two additional booster stages to increase core flow, centrifugal compressor throttled-back aerodynamically to a lower HPC pressure ratio than the -1, [[exhaust mixer]] and a fuel [[electronic control unit]].<ref>[http://www.williamsint.com/high/product/engines/fj44-2.htm FJ44-2] at [http://www.williams-int.com www.williams-int.com], Accessed 2006-05-07</ref>
;FJ44-2C
: {{Convert|2400|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} thrust, similar to the -2A with an integrated hydromechanical fuel control unit.
;FJ44-3A
: {{Convert|2820|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} thrust, 2004 introduction, similar to the -2A with a larger fan and dual channel [[Full Authority Digital Engine Control|FADEC]] unit.<ref>[http://www.williams-int.com/high/product/engines/fj44-3.htm FJ44-3] at [http://www.williams-int.com www.williams-int.com], Accessed 2006-05-07</ref>
; FJ44-3A-24
: {{Convert|2490|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} thrust, derated -3A.
;FJ44-3AP
: {{Convert|3000|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} thrust.<ref>[http://www.williams-int.com/uploads/Williams%20Fanjet%20Family.pdf Williams Fanjet Family], Accessed 2020-02-20</ref>
;FJ44-4A
: {{Convert|3600|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} thrust, released in 2007, hi-tech fan of larger diameter than the -3 unit.<ref>[http://www.williams-int.com/information.html?pid=1 FJ44-4] at [http://www.williams-int.com www.williams-int.com], Accessed 2010-03-12</ref> Used on the [[Cessna CitationJet#Model 525C|Cessna CJ4]] and the [[Pilatus PC-24]].
;FJ44-4M
;Williams-Rolls F129
:Military designation for athe derated FJ44-1C with 1500lbf{{Convert|1500|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} (6.672kN) power outputthrust.
==Applications==
[[File:OO-FLN.JPG|thumb|2,000 [[CitationJet]]s have been delivered by June 2017<ref name=8jun2017PR>{{cite press release |url= http://txtav.com/en/newsroom/2017/06/textron-aviation-celebrates-light-jet-leadership-with-2000th-delivery-for-cessna-cj-family |title= Textron Aviation celebrates light jet leadership with 2,000th delivery for Cessna CJ family |date= June 8, 2017 |publisher= Textron Aviation}}</ref>
[[File:L-39NG 2.jpg|thumb|L-39 with the FJ44-4M engine]]
Source:<ref>[http://www.williams-int.com/high/product/Airplanes/Airplanes.htm Airplanes using FJ series engines] at [http://www.williams-int.com www.williams-int.com], Accessed 2006-05-07</ref>
]]
;FJ44
{| class="wikitable sortable"
:trainer
* [[Aero L-39NG]]
* [[Alenia Aermacchi M-345]]
* [[Saab 105]]
:business jet
* [[Beechcraft Premier I]]
* [[Eviation Jets EV-20 Vantage Jet]]
* [[Cessna CitationJet]]
* [[Grob G180 SPn]]
* [[Hawker 200]]
* [[Pilatus PC-24]]
* [[Piper PA-47 PiperJet]]/Altaire
* [[Scaled Composites Triumph]]
* [[SyberJet SJ30]]
:Drone
* [[Lockheed Martin RQ-3 DarkStar]]
* [[Lockheed Martin Polecat]]
:Experimental
* [[Scaled Composites Proteus]]
* [[Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer]]
;F129
* [[Cessna 526 CitationJet]]
==Specification==
{| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
! style="background-color: #F8EABA;" colspan="10" | FJ44 Specifications
|-
! Variant !! Application !! Type !! Deliveries
|
|FJ44-1A
|FJ44-1C
|FJ44-1AP
|FJ44-2A
|FJ44-2C
|FJ44-3A
|FJ44-3A-24
|FJ44-4A
|FJ44-4M
|-
| rowspan=2 | FJ44-1<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.williams-int.com/products/airplanes-with-the-fj44-1-engine |title= Airplanes with the FJ44-1 Engine |publisher= Williams International}}</ref>
|Thrust (lbf)
| [[Cessna CitationJet]] CJ1/CJ1+/M2 || Business Jet || 1993-
|1,900
|1,500
|1,965
|2,300
|2,400
|2,820
|2,490
|3,600
|3,790
|-
| [[SAAB Sk60]] || Jet Trainer || re-engine
|-
| rowspan=8 | FJ44-2<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.williams-int.com/products/airplanes-with-the-fj44-2-engine |title= Airplanes with the FJ44-2 Engine |publisher= Williams International}}</ref>
|Thrust (N)
| [[Beechcraft Premier]] 1A || Business Jet || 2001-2012
|8,452
|6,672
|8,741
|10,231
|10,676
|12,544
|11,076
|16,014
|16,890
|-
| [[Cessna CitationJet]] CJ2 || Business Jet || 2000-2005
|Specific Fuel Consumption (lb/(hr lbf))
|0.456
|0.460
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| [[Cessna Citation 501]]SP || Business Jet || re-engine{{efn|Sierra Industries FJ44 Stallion}}
|Dry Weight (lb)
|460
|460
|468
|530
|520
|535
|535
|690
|650
|-
| [[Cessna Citation 550]] || Business Jet || re-engine{{efn|Sierra Industries FJ44 Eagle II}}
|Dry Weight (kg)
|209
|209
|212
|240
|236
|243
|243
|304<ref>[https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/EASA-TCDS-E.016_(IM)_Williams_International_FJ44_Series_engines-05-08052012.pdf]</ref>
|295
|-
| [[Scaled Composites Proteus]] || Experimental || 1998
|Overall Length (in)
|53.3
|53.3
|57.9
|59.8
|59.8
|62.4
|62.4
|68.6
|68.6
|-
| [[Syberjet SJ30]] || Business Jet || 2007-2009
|Overall Length (mm)
|1,354
|1,354
|1,471
|1,519
|1,519
|1,585
|1,585
|1,742
|1,742
|-
| [[Learjet 25]] || Business Jet || re-engine{{efn|SpiritWing}}
|Approximate Fan Diameter (in)
|20.9
|20.9
|20.7
|21.7
|21.7
|22.9
|22.9
|25.2
|25.2
|-
| [[Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer]] || Experimental || 2005
|Approximate Fan Diameter (mm)
|531
|531
|526
|551
|551
|582
|582
|640
|640
|-
| rowspan=3 | FJ44-3<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.williams-int.com/products/airplanes-with-the-fj44-3-engine |title= Airplanes with the FJ44-3 Engine |publisher= Williams International}}</ref>
|Bypass ratio
| [[Cessna CitationJet]] CJ2+/CJ3+ || Business Jet || 2004-
|3.28<ref name="USA">[http://www.aeronautics.ru/archive/reference/Jet_Engines/USA.htm Venik's Aviation - Jet Engines - USA<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|3.28<ref name="USA"/>
| -
|4.1<ref name="USA"/>
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| [[Cessna Citation 550]] || Business Jet || re-engine{{efn|Sierra Industries Super II/S-II}}
|-
| [[Nextant 400XT]]i || Business Jet || re-engine
|-
| rowspan=3 | FJ44-4<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.williams-int.com/products/airplanes-with-the-fj44-4-engine |title= Airplanes with the FJ44-4 Engine |publisher= Williams International}}</ref>
| [[Cessna CitationJet]] CJ4 || Business Jet || 2010-
|-
| [[Hawker 400XPR]] || Business Jet || re-engine
|-
| [[Pilatus PC-24]] || Business Jet || 2018-
|-
| rowspan=1 | FJ44-4M
| [[Aero L-39NG]] || Jet Trainer<br>Light attack aircraft || 2022-
|-
| rowspan=9 | not delivered{{clarify|date=August 2019}}
| [[Alenia Aermacchi M-345]] || Jet Trainer || Under development
|-
| [[Cessna 526 CitationJet]]{{efn|as Williams-Rolls F129|name=|group=}}|| Jet Trainer || 2 prototypes
|-
| [[Eviation Jets EV-20 Vantage Jet]] || Business Jet || 1 prototype
|-
| [[Grob G180 SPn]] || Business Jet || 4 prototypes
|-
| [[Hawker 200]] || Business Jet || Cancelled
|-
| [[Lockheed Martin Polecat]] || Drone || Crashed
|-
| [[Lockheed Martin RQ-3 DarkStar]] || Drone || Cancelled
|-
| [[Piper PA-47 PiperJet]]/Altaire || Business Jet || 1 prototype
|-
| [[Scaled Composites Triumph]] || Business Jet || 1 prototype
|}
==Specifications==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Type Certificate Data Sheet<ref>{{cite web |url= https://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/60398924b8e6df678625831d0047e4be/$FILE/E3GL_Rev_22.pdf |title= Type Certificate Data Sheet NO. E3GL |date= October 4, 2018 |publisher= FAA}}</ref>
! Variant
! FJ44-1AP<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.williams-int.com/products/fj44-1ap |title= FJ44-1AP |publisher= Williams International}}</ref>
! FJ44-2<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.williams-int.com/products/fj44-2 |title= FJ44-2 |publisher= Williams International}}</ref>
! FJ44-3<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.williams-int.com/products/fj44-3 |title= FJ44-3 |publisher= Williams International}}</ref>
! FJ44-4<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.williams-int.com/products/fj44-4 |title= FJ44-4 |publisher= Williams International}}</ref>
|-
| Configuration || colspan=4 | Twin-spool turbofan with 1-stage fan and [[annular combustor]]
|-
| LP compressor || 1-stage [[Axial compressor|axial]]|| colspan="3" | 3-stage axial
|-
| HP compressor || colspan=4 | 1-stage [[Centrifugal compressor|centrifugal]]
|-
|[[Turbine]]|| colspan="4" | 1-stage HP, 2-stage LP
|-
|[[Thrust]]
| {{cvt|1,900-2,100|lbf|kN|abbr=}}
| {{cvt|2,300-2,400|lbf|kN|1}}
| {{cvt|3,000|lbf|kN|1}}
| {{cvt|3,600|lbf|kN|1}}
|-
| Weight
| {{cvt|460|lb|0|abbr=}}
| {{cvt|520-530|lb|0}}
| {{cvt|516-535|lb}}
| {{cvt|658|lb|0}}
|-
| Length
| {{cvt|41.4|in|cm|abbr=}}
| {{cvt|47.2|in|cm}}
| {{cvt|48.0|in|cm}}
| {{cvt|52.8|in|cm}}
|-
| Diameter
| {{cvt|20.7|in|cm}}
| {{cvt|21.8|in|cm}}
| {{cvt|23.0|in|cm}}
| {{cvt|25.3|in|cm}}
|}
==See also==
{{Aircontent
|see also=
|related=
* [[Williams FJ33]]
|similar engines=
|lists=
* [[List of aircraft engines]]
|see also=
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==External links==
Line 231 ⟶ 195:
[[Category:Medium-bypass turbofan engines]]
[[Category:Turbofan1980s enginesturbofan 1980–1989engines]]
[[Category:Williams aircraft engines|FJ44]]
[[Category:Centrifugal-flow turbojet engines]]