Winona LaDuke: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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| education = [[Harvard University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[Antioch University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])

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'''Winona LaDuke''' (born August 18, 1959) is an American economist, environmentalist, writer, and industrial [[hemp]] grower, known for her work on tribal land claims and preservation, as well as sustainable development.<ref name="DN-Dec7-18">{{cite AV media |people=Amy Goodman, Winona LaDuke |date=December 7, 2018 |title=Interview with Winona LaDuke |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2018/12/7/winona_laduke_calls_for_indigenous_led |access-date=March 3, 2021 |time=15:20 |publisher=[[Democracy Now!]]}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

In [[1996 United States presidential election|1996]] and [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]], she ran for Vice President of the United States as the nominee of the [[Green Party of the United States]], on a ticket headed by [[Ralph Nader]]. Until 2023 she was the executive director and a co-founder (along with the [[Indigo Girls]]) of [[Honor the Earth]], a Native environmental advocacy organization that played an active role in the [[Dakota Access Pipeline protests]].<ref name=NoDAPL>{{cite news |url=https://www.laprogressive.com/protesting-dakota-access-pipeline/|title=What Would Sitting Bull Do?|date=August 25, 2016|access-date=November 17, 2016|first=Winona|last=LaDuke|newspaper=La Progressive |archive-date=December 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204134135/https://www.laprogressive.com/protesting-dakota-access-pipeline/|url-status=live}}</ref>

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==Early life and education==

[[File:Winona laduke.jpg|thumb|left|Winona LaDuke in earlier years]]

Winona (meaning "first daughter" in [[Dakota language]]) LaDuke was born in 1959 in Los Angeles, California, to [[Betty LaDuke|Betty Bernstein]] and Vincent LaDuke (later known as [[Sun Bear (author)|Sun Bear]]).<ref name="Ritter">{{cite web |url=https://archive.today/20131227025140/http://www.citypages.com/2000-10-11/news/the-party-crasher/3/ |title=Peter Ritter, "The Party Crasher" |work=Minneapolis News |date=October 11, 2000}}</ref>). Her father was from the [[Ojibwe]] [[White Earth Reservation]] in [[Minnesota]], and her mother of Jewish European ancestry from [[The Bronx|The Bronx, New York]]. LaDuke spent some of her childhood in Los Angeles, but was primarily raised in [[Ashland, Oregon]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wweek.com/editorial/3237/7789|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827152733/http://www.wweek.com/editorial/3237/7789|url-status=dead|title=Willamette Week &#124; "Winona Laduke" &#124; July 19th, 2006<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=August 27, 2006}}</ref> Due to her father's heritage, she was enrolled at birth with the White Earth Nation, but did not live at [[White Earth Indian Reservation|White Earth]], or any other reservation, until 1982. She started work at White Earth after graduating from college, when she got a job there as principal of the high school.<ref name="Ritter"/>

After her parents married, Vincent LaDuke worked as an actor in Hollywood in supporting roles in [[Western movie]]s, while Betty LaDuke completed her academic studies. The couple separated when Winona was five, and her mother took a position as an art instructor at Southern Oregon College, now [[Southern Oregon University]] at [[Ashland, Oregon|Ashland]], then a small logging and college town near the California border.<ref name="Ritter"/> In the 1980s, Vincent reinvented himself as a [[New Age]] spiritual leader by the name Sun Bear.<ref name="Ritter"/>

While growing up in Ashland, LaDuke attended public school and was on the debate team in high school. She attended [[Harvard University]], where she joined a group of Indigenous activists, and graduated in 1982 with a Bachelor of Arts in economics (rural economic development).<ref name="Ritter"/> When she moved to White Earth, she did not know the [[Ojibwe language]], or many people, and was not quickly accepted. While working as the principal of the local Minnesota reservation high school she completed research for her master's thesis on the reservation's subsistence economy and became involved in local issues. She completed an M.A. in Community[[community Economiceconomic Developmentdevelopment]] through [[Antioch University]]'s distance-learning program.<ref name="Ritter"/>

==Career and activism==

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Next she became involved in the struggle to recover lands for the [[Anishinaabe]]. An 1867 treaty with the United States provided a territory of more than 860,000 acres for the [[White Earth Indian Reservation]]. Under the [[Nelson Act of 1889]], an attempt to have the Anishinaabe assimilate by adopting a European-American model of subsistence farming, communal tribal land was allotted to individual households. The US classified any excess land as surplus, allowing it to be sold to non-natives. In addition, many Anishinaabe sold their land individually over the years; these factors caused the tribe to lose control of most of its land. By the mid-20th century, the tribe held only one-tenth of the land in its reservation.<ref name="Ritter"/>

===White Earth Land recoveryRecovery Project===

In 1989, LaDuke founded the [[White Earth Land Recovery Project]] (WELRP) in Minnesota with the proceeds of a human rights award from [[Reebok]]. The goal is to buy back land in the reservation that non-Natives bought and to create enterprises that provide work to Anishinaabe. By 2000, the foundation had bought 1,200 acres, which it held in a conservation trust for eventual cession to the tribe.<ref name="Ritter"/> WELRP is also working to reforest the lands and revive cultivation of [[wild rice]], long a traditional Ojibwe food. It markets that and other traditional products, including [[hominy]], jam, buffalo sausage, and other products. It has started an [[Ojibwe language|Ojibwe]] language program, a herd of [[American Bison|buffalo]], and a wind-energy project.<ref name="Ritter"/>It produces and sells traditional foods and crafts through its label, Native Harvest.<ref name=NPR-Rice>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4165045&from=mobile |title=Ricing Time: Harvesting on the Lakes of White Earth |work=[[National Public Radio]] |date=November 12, 2004}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706144654/https://www.npr.org/2004/11/12/4165045/ricing-time-harvesting-on-the-lakes-of-white-earth?from=mobile |date=July 6, 2022}}</ref>

In 1989, LaDuke founded the [[White Earth Land Recovery Project]] (WELRP) in Minnesota with the proceeds of a human rights award from [[Reebok]]. Its goal is to buy back land in the reservation that non-Natives bought and to create enterprises that provide work to Anishinaabe. By 2000, the foundation had bought 1,200 acres, which it held in a conservation trust for eventual cession to the tribe.<ref name="Ritter"/> WELRP also works to reforest the land and revive cultivation of [[wild rice]], long a traditional Ojibwe food. It markets that and other traditional products, including [[hominy]], jam, buffalo sausage, and other products. It has started an [[Ojibwe language|Ojibwe]] language program, a herd of [[American Bison|buffalo]], and a wind-energy project.<ref name="Ritter"/> It produces and sells traditional foods and crafts through its label, Native Harvest.<ref name=NPR-Rice>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4165045&from=mobile |title=Ricing Time: Harvesting on the Lakes of White Earth |work=[[National Public Radio]] |date=November 12, 2004}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706144654/https://www.npr.org/2004/11/12/4165045/ricing-time-harvesting-on-the-lakes-of-white-earth?from=mobile |date=July 6, 2022}}</ref> [[The Evergreen State College]] class of 2014 chose LaDuke toas beits a keynotecommencement speaker. She delivered her address at the school's graduation on June 13, 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theolympian.com/news/local/article26071081.html |title=The Evergreen State College graduates nearly 1,300 students |first=Lisa |last=Pemberton |website=theolympian |language=en |access-date=April 19, 2019 |archive-date=July 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706144733/https://account.theolympian.com/paywall/subscriber-only?resume=26071081&intcid=ab_archive |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Honor the Earth, 1993-2023 ===

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===Political career, 1996-2016===

[[File:Winona_LaDuke.png|thumb|Winona La Duke speaking at Intellectual House, [[University of Washington]], 2018]]

In 1996 and 2000, LaDuke ran as the vice-presidential candidate with [[Ralph Nader]] on the [[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]] ticket. She was not endorsed by any tribal council or other tribal government.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} LaDuke endorsed the Democratic Party ticket for president and vice-president in 2004,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/ictarchives/2004/10/20/winona-laduke-endorsement-of-john-kerry-for-president-94117 |title=Winona LaDuke endorsement of John Kerry for president |date=October 20, 2004 |access-date=October 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224112402/http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/ictarchives/2004/10/20/winona-laduke-endorsement-of-john-kerry-for-president-94117 |archive-date=December 24, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> 2008,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.minnpost.com/politics-policy/2008/05/laduke-and-lessons-she-learned-nader |title=LaDuke and the lessons she learned with Nader |publisher=Minnesota Post|date=May 22, 2008 |access-date=October 22, 2012 |archive-date=October 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016022706/http://www.minnpost.com/politics-policy/2008/05/laduke-and-lessons-she-learned-nader |url-status=live}}</ref> and 2012.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/puvzO5vjesw Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20120927183813/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=puvzO5vjesw&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=puvzO5vjesw|title=Winona LaDuke on Presidential Politics (7:41)|website=[[YouTube]]|date=September 27, 2012 |access-date=October 22, 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In 2016, [[Robert Satiacum, Jr.]], a [[faithless electors in the United States presidential election, 2016|faithless elector]] from Washington, cast his presidential vote for Native American activist [[Faith Spotted Eagle]] and his vice-presidential vote for LaDuke, making her the first Green Party member and the first Native American woman to receive an [[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral College]] vote for vice president.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-faith-spotted-eagle-2016-story.html |title=How Faith Spotted Eagle became the first Native American to win an electoral vote for president |newspaper=LA Times |access-date=December 21, 2016 |archive-date=December 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221162741/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-faith-spotted-eagle-2016-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

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In 2016, LaDuke was involved in the [[Dakota Access Pipeline protests]], participating at the [[resistance camps]] in North Dakota and speaking to the media on the issue.<ref name="DN-Sep4-16">{{cite AV media |people=Amy Goodman, Winona LaDuke |date=September 4, 2016 |title=Dakota Access Pipeline Company Attacks Native American Protesters with Dogs and Pepper Spray |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2016/9/4/dakota_access_pipeline_company_attacks_native |access-date=September 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924112214/https://www.democracynow.org/2016/9/4/dakota_access_pipeline_company_attacks_native |archive-date=September 24, 2018 |publisher=[[Democracy Now!]]}}</ref>

At the July 2019 [[Audubon|National Audubon]] Convention in Milwaukee, LaDuke gave the keynote address with updates on efforts to stop the [[Sandpiper pipeline]], other pipelines, and other projects near Ojibwe waters and through the [[Leech Lake Indian Reservation|Leech Lake Reservation]]. She urged everyone to be [[water protector]]s and stand up for their rights.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/HGVjvLCAcrk Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190918221116/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGVjvLCAcrk&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGVjvLCAcrk |title=Audubon Convention 2019: Opening Address. Winona LaDuke |date=August 8, 2019 |via=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In 2020 and 2021, she was a leader of [[Stop Line 3 protests|the protests]] against the [[Line 3 pipeline]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-31|title='They're Shoving A Pipe Down Our Throat': Inside Winona LaDuke's Fight Against Line 3 |url=https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2021/05/31/theyre-shoving-a-pipe-down-our-throat-inside-winona-ladukes-long-fight-against-line-3/ |access-date=2021-06-11 |language=en-US |archive-date=June 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611192242/https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2021/05/31/theyre-shoving-a-pipe-down-our-throat-inside-winona-ladukes-long-fight-against-line-3/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |first1=Hannah |last1=Murphy |last2=Dunlea |first2=Reed |date=2020-04-23 |title=The Fight Against Minnesota's Line 3 Pipeline: Bill McKibben and Winona LaDuke in Conversation |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/minnesota-line-3-pipeline-winona-laduke-bill-mckibben-conversation-988155/ |access-date=2021-06-11 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US |archive-date=June 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611192241/https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/minnesota-line-3-pipeline-winona-laduke-bill-mckibben-conversation-988155/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Fish |first1=Robin D. |title=LaDuke, Line 3 opponents stage first of 'weekly' protests at Enbridge office in Park Rapids |url=https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/business/energy-and-mining/6807500-LaDuke-Line-3-opponents-stage-first-of-weekly-protests-at-Enbridge-office-in-Park-Rapids |access-date=2021-06-11|website=Duluth News Tribune|date=December 19, 2020 |language=en |archive-date=June 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611192251/https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/business/energy-and-mining/6807500-LaDuke-Line-3-opponents-stage-first-of-weekly-protests-at-Enbridge-office-in-Park-Rapids |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="Not Having It": Winona LaDuke on Mass Protest by Water Protectors to Halt Line 3 Pipeline in Minnesota |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2021/6/8/line_3_protests_treaty_people_gathering |access-date=2021-06-11 |website=Democracy Now! |language=en |archive-date=June 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611192438/https://www.democracynow.org/2021/6/8/line_3_protests_treaty_people_gathering |url-status=live}}</ref>

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In 1988, LaDuke married [[Cree]] Randy Kapashesit of [[Moose Factory]], Ontario, Canada. They separated in 1992.<ref name="contemporaryauthors"/>

On November 9, 2008, LaDuke's house in [[Ponsford, Minnesota]], burned down while she was in Boston. No one was injured, but all her personal property burned, including her extensive library and indigenousIndigenous art and artifact collection.<ref>{{cite web| title = Winona LaDuke to rebuild home destroyed by fire| publisher = [[News from Indian Country]]| date = November 17, 2008| url = http://indiancountrynews.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5035&Itemid=1| access-date = November 17, 2008| archive-date = August 28, 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180828001834/http://indiancountrynews.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5035&Itemid=1| url-status = live}}</ref>

As of 2020, she had one son<ref name="Ritter"/> and 6six grandchildren.<ref name="startrib" />

==Selected publications==

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* 2015, she received an honorary doctorate degree from [[Augsburg College]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.augsburg.edu/commencement/details/saturday/|title=Day Undergraduate Ceremony – Commencement|access-date=January 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630000245/http://www.augsburg.edu/commencement/details/saturday/|archive-date=June 30, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* 2017, she received the Alice and Clifford Spendlove Prize in Social Justice, Diplomacy and Tolerance, at the [[University of California, Merced]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucmerced.edu/news/2017/indigenous-activist-winona-laduke-wins-spendlove-prize|title=Indigenous Activist Winona LaDuke Wins Spendlove Prize – UC Merced|website=www.ucmerced.edu|access-date=January 5, 2018|archive-date=March 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309064031/https://www.ucmerced.edu/news/2017/indigenous-activist-winona-laduke-wins-spendlove-prize|url-status=live}}</ref>

* 2020, she was a keynote speaker at Verdical Group's annual [[Net Zero Conference]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=hello@verdicalgroup.com |date=2023-09-29 |title=Honoring Past Keynote Speakers and Trailblazer Award Winners |url=https://netzeroconference.com/honoring-past-keynote-speakers-and-trailblazer-award-winners/ |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=Net Zero Conference |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Electoral history==

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==See also==

*[[List of Indigenous writers from peoples indigenous toof the Americas]]

==References==

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*[http://www.thepromisedland.org/episode/9-winona-laduke Winona LaDuke interview] with [[Majora Carter]] of [[The Promised Land (radio)|''The Promised Land'' radio show]] (2000)

*{{IMDb name|id=0480632|name=Winona LaDuke}}

*[https://scua.uoregon.edu/repositories/2/resources/3421 Winona LaDuke papers] at University of Oregon Libraries Special Collections and University Archives

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