Winona LaDuke: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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| education = [[Harvard University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[Antioch University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])

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'''Winona LaDuke''' (born August 18, 1959) is an American economist, environmentalist, writer, and industrial [[hemp]] grower, known for her work on tribal land claims and preservation, as well as sustainable development.<ref name="DN-Dec7-18">{{cite AV media |people=Amy Goodman, Winona LaDuke |date=December 7, 2018 |title=Interview with Winona LaDuke |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2018/12/7/winona_laduke_calls_for_indigenous_led |access-date=March 3, 2021 |time=15:20 |publisher=[[Democracy Now!]]}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

In [[1996 United States presidential election|1996]] and [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]], she ran for Vice President of the United States as the nominee of the [[Green Party of the United States]], on a ticket headed by [[Ralph Nader]]. Until 2023 she was the executive director and a co-founder (along with the [[Indigo Girls]]) of [[Honor the Earth]], a Native environmental advocacy organization that played an active role in the [[Dakota Access Pipeline protests]].<ref name=NoDAPL>{{cite news |url=https://www.laprogressive.com/protesting-dakota-access-pipeline/|title=What Would Sitting Bull Do?|date=August 25, 2016|access-date=November 17, 2016|first=Winona|last=LaDuke|newspaper=La Progressive |archive-date=December 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204134135/https://www.laprogressive.com/protesting-dakota-access-pipeline/|url-status=live}}</ref>

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==Early life and education==

[[File:Winona laduke.jpg|thumb|left|Winona LaDuke in earlier years]]

Winona (meaning "first daughter" in [[Dakota language]]) LaDuke was born in 1959 in Los Angeles, California, to [[Betty LaDuke|Betty Bernstein]] and Vincent LaDuke (later known as [[Sun Bear (author)|Sun Bear]]).<ref name="Ritter">{{cite web |url=https://archive.today/20131227025140/http://www.citypages.com/2000-10-11/news/the-party-crasher/3/ |title=Peter Ritter, "The Party Crasher" |work=Minneapolis News |date=October 11, 2000}}</ref>). Her father was from the [[Ojibwe]] [[White Earth Reservation]] in [[Minnesota]], and her mother of Jewish European ancestry from [[The Bronx|The Bronx, New York]]. LaDuke spent some of her childhood in Los Angeles, but was primarily raised in [[Ashland, Oregon]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wweek.com/editorial/3237/7789|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827152733/http://www.wweek.com/editorial/3237/7789|url-status=dead|title=Willamette Week &#124; "Winona Laduke" &#124; July 19th, 2006<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=August 27, 2006}}</ref> Due to her father's heritage, she was enrolled at birth with the White Earth Nation, but did not live at [[White Earth Indian Reservation|White Earth]], or any other reservation, until 1982. She started work at White Earth after graduating from college, when she got a job there as principal of the high school.<ref name="Ritter"/>

After her parents married, Vincent LaDuke worked as an actor in Hollywood in supporting roles in [[Western movie]]s, while Betty LaDuke completed her academic studies. The couple separated when Winona was five, and her mother took a position as an art instructor at Southern Oregon College, now [[Southern Oregon University]] at [[Ashland, Oregon|Ashland]], then a small logging and college town near the California border.<ref name="Ritter"/> In the 1980s, Vincent reinvented himself as a [[New Age]] spiritual leader by the name Sun Bear.<ref name="Ritter"/>

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Next she became involved in the struggle to recover lands for the [[Anishinaabe]]. An 1867 treaty with the United States provided a territory of more than 860,000 acres for the [[White Earth Indian Reservation]]. Under the [[Nelson Act of 1889]], an attempt to have the Anishinaabe assimilate by adopting a European-American model of subsistence farming, communal tribal land was allotted to individual households. The US classified any excess land as surplus, allowing it to be sold to non-natives. In addition, many Anishinaabe sold their land individually over the years; these factors caused the tribe to lose control of most of its land. By the mid-20th century, the tribe held only one-tenth of the land in its reservation.<ref name="Ritter"/>

===White Earth Land recoveryRecovery Project===

In 1989, LaDuke founded the [[White Earth Land Recovery Project]] (WELRP) in Minnesota with the proceeds of a human rights award from [[Reebok]]. The goal is to buy back land in the reservation that non-Natives bought and to create enterprises that provide work to Anishinaabe. By 2000, the foundation had bought 1,200 acres, which it held in a conservation trust for eventual cession to the tribe.<ref name="Ritter"/> WELRP is also working to reforest the lands and revive cultivation of [[wild rice]], long a traditional Ojibwe food. It markets that and other traditional products, including [[hominy]], jam, buffalo sausage, and other products. It has started an [[Ojibwe language|Ojibwe]] language program, a herd of [[American Bison|buffalo]], and a wind-energy project.<ref name="Ritter"/>It produces and sells traditional foods and crafts through its label, Native Harvest.<ref name=NPR-Rice>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4165045&from=mobile |title=Ricing Time: Harvesting on the Lakes of White Earth |work=[[National Public Radio]] |date=November 12, 2004}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706144654/https://www.npr.org/2004/11/12/4165045/ricing-time-harvesting-on-the-lakes-of-white-earth?from=mobile |date=July 6, 2022}}</ref>

In 1989, LaDuke founded the [[White Earth Land Recovery Project]] (WELRP) in Minnesota with the proceeds of a human rights award from [[Reebok]]. Its goal is to buy back land in the reservation that non-Natives bought and to create enterprises that provide work to Anishinaabe. By 2000, the foundation had bought 1,200 acres, which it held in a conservation trust for eventual cession to the tribe.<ref name="Ritter"/> WELRP also works to reforest the land and revive cultivation of [[wild rice]], long a traditional Ojibwe food. It markets that and other traditional products, including [[hominy]], jam, buffalo sausage, and other products. It has started an [[Ojibwe language|Ojibwe]] language program, a herd of [[American Bison|buffalo]], and a wind-energy project.<ref name="Ritter"/> It produces and sells traditional foods and crafts through its label, Native Harvest.<ref name=NPR-Rice>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4165045&from=mobile |title=Ricing Time: Harvesting on the Lakes of White Earth |work=[[National Public Radio]] |date=November 12, 2004}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706144654/https://www.npr.org/2004/11/12/4165045/ricing-time-harvesting-on-the-lakes-of-white-earth?from=mobile |date=July 6, 2022}}</ref> [[The Evergreen State College]] class of 2014 chose LaDuke toas beits a keynotecommencement speaker. She delivered her address at the school's graduation on June 13, 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theolympian.com/news/local/article26071081.html |title=The Evergreen State College graduates nearly 1,300 students |first=Lisa |last=Pemberton |website=theolympian |language=en |access-date=April 19, 2019 |archive-date=July 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706144733/https://account.theolympian.com/paywall/subscriber-only?resume=26071081&intcid=ab_archive |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Honor the Earth, 1993-2023 ===

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===Political career, 1996-2016===

[[File:Winona_LaDuke.png|thumb|Winona La Duke speaking at Intellectual House, [[University of Washington]], 2018]]

In 1996 and 2000, LaDuke ran as the vice-presidential candidate with [[Ralph Nader]] on the [[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]] ticket. She was not endorsed by any tribal council or other tribal government.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} LaDuke endorsed the Democratic Party ticket for president and vice-president in 2004,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/ictarchives/2004/10/20/winona-laduke-endorsement-of-john-kerry-for-president-94117 |title=Winona LaDuke endorsement of John Kerry for president |date=October 20, 2004 |access-date=October 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224112402/http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/ictarchives/2004/10/20/winona-laduke-endorsement-of-john-kerry-for-president-94117 |archive-date=December 24, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> 2008,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.minnpost.com/politics-policy/2008/05/laduke-and-lessons-she-learned-nader |title=LaDuke and the lessons she learned with Nader |publisher=Minnesota Post|date=May 22, 2008 |access-date=October 22, 2012 |archive-date=October 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016022706/http://www.minnpost.com/politics-policy/2008/05/laduke-and-lessons-she-learned-nader |url-status=live}}</ref> and 2012.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/puvzO5vjesw Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20120927183813/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=puvzO5vjesw&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=puvzO5vjesw|title=Winona LaDuke on Presidential Politics (7:41)|website=[[YouTube]]|date=September 27, 2012 |access-date=October 22, 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In 2016, [[Robert Satiacum, Jr.]], a [[faithless electors in the United States presidential election, 2016|faithless elector]] from Washington, cast his presidential vote for Native American activist [[Faith Spotted Eagle]] and his vice-presidential vote for LaDuke, making her the first Green Party member and the first Native American woman to receive an [[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral College]] vote for vice president.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-faith-spotted-eagle-2016-story.html |title=How Faith Spotted Eagle became the first Native American to win an electoral vote for president |newspaper=LA Times |access-date=December 21, 2016 |archive-date=December 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221162741/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-faith-spotted-eagle-2016-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

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In 2016, LaDuke was involved in the [[Dakota Access Pipeline protests]], participating at the [[resistance camps]] in North Dakota and speaking to the media on the issue.<ref name="DN-Sep4-16">{{cite AV media |people=Amy Goodman, Winona LaDuke |date=September 4, 2016 |title=Dakota Access Pipeline Company Attacks Native American Protesters with Dogs and Pepper Spray |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2016/9/4/dakota_access_pipeline_company_attacks_native |access-date=September 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924112214/https://www.democracynow.org/2016/9/4/dakota_access_pipeline_company_attacks_native |archive-date=September 24, 2018 |publisher=[[Democracy Now!]]}}</ref>

At the July 2019 [[Audubon|National Audubon]] Convention in Milwaukee, LaDuke gave the keynote address with updates on efforts to stop the [[Sandpiper pipeline]], other pipelines, and other projects near Ojibwe waters and through the [[Leech Lake Indian Reservation|Leech Lake Reservation]]. She urged everyone to be [[water protector]]s and stand up for their rights.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/HGVjvLCAcrk Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190918221116/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGVjvLCAcrk&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGVjvLCAcrk |title=Audubon Convention 2019: Opening Address. Winona LaDuke |date=August 8, 2019 |via=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In 2020 and 2021, she was a leader of [[Stop Line 3 protests|the protests]] against the [[Line 3 pipeline]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-31|title='They're Shoving A Pipe Down Our Throat': Inside Winona LaDuke's Fight Against Line 3 |url=https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2021/05/31/theyre-shoving-a-pipe-down-our-throat-inside-winona-ladukes-long-fight-against-line-3/ |access-date=2021-06-11 |language=en-US |archive-date=June 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611192242/https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2021/05/31/theyre-shoving-a-pipe-down-our-throat-inside-winona-ladukes-long-fight-against-line-3/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |first1=Hannah |last1=Murphy |last2=Dunlea |first2=Reed |date=2020-04-23 |title=The Fight Against Minnesota's Line 3 Pipeline: Bill McKibben and Winona LaDuke in Conversation |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/minnesota-line-3-pipeline-winona-laduke-bill-mckibben-conversation-988155/ |access-date=2021-06-11 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US |archive-date=June 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611192241/https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/minnesota-line-3-pipeline-winona-laduke-bill-mckibben-conversation-988155/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Fish |first1=Robin D. |title=LaDuke, Line 3 opponents stage first of 'weekly' protests at Enbridge office in Park Rapids |url=https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/business/energy-and-mining/6807500-LaDuke-Line-3-opponents-stage-first-of-weekly-protests-at-Enbridge-office-in-Park-Rapids |access-date=2021-06-11|website=Duluth News Tribune|date=December 19, 2020 |language=en |archive-date=June 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611192251/https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/business/energy-and-mining/6807500-LaDuke-Line-3-opponents-stage-first-of-weekly-protests-at-Enbridge-office-in-Park-Rapids |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="Not Having It": Winona LaDuke on Mass Protest by Water Protectors to Halt Line 3 Pipeline in Minnesota |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2021/6/8/line_3_protests_treaty_people_gathering |access-date=2021-06-11 |website=Democracy Now! |language=en |archive-date=June 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611192438/https://www.democracynow.org/2021/6/8/line_3_protests_treaty_people_gathering |url-status=live}}</ref>

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In 1988, LaDuke married [[Cree]] Randy Kapashesit of [[Moose Factory]], Ontario, Canada. They separated in 1992.<ref name="contemporaryauthors"/>

On November 9, 2008, LaDuke's house in [[Ponsford, Minnesota]], burned down while she was in Boston. No one was injured, but all her personal property burned, including her extensive library and indigenousIndigenous art and artifact collection.<ref>{{cite web| title = Winona LaDuke to rebuild home destroyed by fire| publisher = [[News from Indian Country]]| date = November 17, 2008| url = http://indiancountrynews.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5035&Itemid=1| access-date = November 17, 2008| archive-date = August 28, 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180828001834/http://indiancountrynews.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5035&Itemid=1| url-status = live}}</ref>

As of 2020, she had one son Gwekaanimid, born 2000<ref name="Ritter"/> and 6six grandchildren.<ref name="startrib" />

==Selected publications==

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* 2015, she received an honorary doctorate degree from [[Augsburg College]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.augsburg.edu/commencement/details/saturday/|title=Day Undergraduate Ceremony – Commencement|access-date=January 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630000245/http://www.augsburg.edu/commencement/details/saturday/|archive-date=June 30, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* 2017, she received the Alice and Clifford Spendlove Prize in Social Justice, Diplomacy and Tolerance, at the [[University of California, Merced]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucmerced.edu/news/2017/indigenous-activist-winona-laduke-wins-spendlove-prize|title=Indigenous Activist Winona LaDuke Wins Spendlove Prize – UC Merced|website=www.ucmerced.edu|access-date=January 5, 2018|archive-date=March 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309064031/https://www.ucmerced.edu/news/2017/indigenous-activist-winona-laduke-wins-spendlove-prize|url-status=live}}</ref>

* 2020, she was a keynote speaker at Verdical Group's annual [[Net Zero Conference]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=hello@verdicalgroup.com |date=2023-09-29 |title=Honoring Past Keynote Speakers and Trailblazer Award Winners |url=https://netzeroconference.com/honoring-past-keynote-speakers-and-trailblazer-award-winners/ |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=Net Zero Conference |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Electoral history==

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==See also==

*[[List of Indigenous writers from peoples indigenous toof the Americas]]

==References==

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*[http://www.thepromisedland.org/episode/9-winona-laduke Winona LaDuke interview] with [[Majora Carter]] of [[The Promised Land (radio)|''The Promised Land'' radio show]] (2000)

*{{IMDb name|id=0480632|name=Winona LaDuke}}

*[https://scua.uoregon.edu/repositories/2/resources/3421 Winona LaDuke papers] at University of Oregon Libraries Special Collections and University Archives

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