Volga (rocket stage)
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Volga (GRAU index 14S46, also designated 141KS) is a rocket upper stage designed in Russia used with the Soyuz 2.1a and Soyuz 2.1v rockets. It is derived from the propulsion module of the Yantar spy satellites.[4] It is closely related to the retired Ikar upper stage.[3] It was developed as a lighter and cheaper alternative to the Fregat upper stage that is used on many Soyuz 2 missions.
| Manufacturer | Progress |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | Russia |
| General characteristics | |
| Diameter | 3.2 m (10 ft) |
| Length | 1.025 m (3 ft 4.4 in) |
| Propellant mass | 300–900 kg (660–1,980 lb) |
| Empty mass | 840 kg (1,850 lb) |
| Volga | |
| Powered by | 1 × 17D64[2][3] |
| Maximum thrust | 2.94 kN (660 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 307 s (3.01 km/s) |
| Burn time | 600 seconds |
| Propellant | N2O4/UDMH |
- ^ "Volga upper stage". Russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
- ^ "Soyuz-2-1v Launcher (formerly Soyuz-1)". Retrieved 26 March 2016.
- ^ a b "Soyuz 2-1 launches maiden mission from Vostochny | NASASpaceFlight.com". www.nasaspaceflight.com. 27 April 2016. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
- ^ "Soyuz 2-1v Launch Vehicle". Spaceflight101. Retrieved 26 March 2016.