分 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary


Article Images

See also: 份

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

分 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 金尸竹 (CSH), four-corner 80227, composition ⿱八刀)

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 136, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1853
  • Dae Jaweon: page 304, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 321, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5206
trad. 分
simp. # 分
Old Chinese
扮 *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ
盼 *pʰrɯːns
頒 *praːn, *bɯn
朌 *praːn, *bɯn
鳻 *praːn, *bɯn
份 *prɯn, *bɯns
汃 *pʰreːd, *prɯn
玢 *prɯn
邠 *prɯn
攽 *prɯn
砏 *prɯn, *pʰrɯn, *pʰɯn
貧 *brɯn
湓 *pʰɯːns, *bɯːn, *pʰɯns
盆 *bɯːn
葐 *bɯːn, *bɯn, *bɯn
坌 *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns
坋 *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns
分 *pɯn, *bɯns
吩 *pɯn
粉 *pɯnʔ
黺 *pɯnʔ
芬 *pʰɯn
紛 *pʰɯn
衯 *pʰɯn
棻 *pʰɯn, *bɯn
氛 *pʰɯn, *bɯn
雰 *pʰɯn
忿 *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯnʔ
魵 *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯn, *bɯnʔ
汾 *bɯn
羒 *bɯn
枌 *bɯn
棼 *bɯn
妢 *bɯn
梤 *bɯn
馚 *bɯn
鼢 *bɯn, *bɯnʔ
蚡 *bɯn, *bɯnʔ
弅 *bɯnʔ
秎 *bɯns

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 八 (“to separate”) + 刀 (“knife”) – to separate with a knife.

Note:

  • pûn - vernacular (“to divide; to separate; to distribute; to give; by”);
  • fûn - literary.

Note:

  • buŏng - vernacular;
  • hŭng - literary.

Note:

  • pun - vernacular;
  • hun - literary.

Note:

  • bung1 - vernacular;
  • hung1 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 分
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fēn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjun ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pə[n]/
English divide

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 分
Reading # 1/2
No. 3148
Phonetic
component 		分
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		分
Old
Chinese 		/*pɯn/

分

  1. to divide; to separate
    這項工作分兩階段進行。 [MSC, trad.]
    这项工作分两阶段进行。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè xiàng gōngzuò fēn liǎng jiēduàn jìnxíng. [Pinyin]
    This exercise is divided into two stages.
    分成五塊／分成五块 [Cantonese]  ―  fan1 sing4 ng5 faai3 [Jyutping]  ―  split into 5 pieces
  2. to distribute; to allocate; to assign; to allot
    他和兒子分吃了一張比薩餅。 [MSC, trad.]
    他和儿子分吃了一张比萨饼。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā hé érzǐ fēn chī le yī zhāng bǐsàbǐng. [Pinyin]
    He shared a pizza with his son.
    他和我一起分苹果。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Tā hé wǒ yīqǐ fēn píngguǒ. [Pinyin]
    He divided the apples with me.
    他們分到了一幢住房。 [MSC, trad.]
    他们分到了一幢住房。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāmen fēn dào le yī zhuàng zhùfáng. [Pinyin]
    They were allotted a house to live in.
  3. to distinguish; to differentiate; to tell apart
    我分不清他們。他們長得太像了。 [MSC, trad.]
    我分不清他们。他们长得太像了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ fēn bù qīng tāmen. Tāmen cháng dé tài xiàng le. [Pinyin]
    I cannot tell them apart. They are very much alike.
    他是一個懦夫，一個分不清蠻力和大丈夫氣概的恃強凌弱者。 [MSC, trad.]
    他是一个懦夫，一个分不清蛮力和大丈夫气概的恃强凌弱者。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā shì yī ge nuòfū, yī ge fēn bù qīng mánlì hé dàzhàngfū qìgài de shìqiánglíngruò zhě. [Pinyin]
    He's a coward and a bully who confuses physical strength with manhood.
  4. to break up; to end a relationship; to separate
    See also: 分手
  5. (Hakka, Teochew, Hainanese) to give
  6. (Hakka, Teochew) by
    分人罵／分人骂 [Sixian Hakka]  ―  pûn ngìn ma [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]  ―  to be scolded (by people)
  7. minute (unit of time)
    分鐘／分钟  ―  fēnzhōng  ―  minute
    現在是7點45分。／现在是7点45分。  ―  Xiànzài shì 7 diǎn 45 fēn.  ―  It's quarter to eight now.
  8. minute (unit of angle, 1/60 of a degree)
  9. fraction; proportion
    分之  ―  fēnzhī  ―  used to indicate a fraction
  10. (education, competition, etc.) point; mark
    本題佔五十分。／本题占五十分。  ―  Běntí zhàn wǔshí fēn.  ―  This question counts for 50 points.
    我得了多少分？ [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Wǒ dé le duōshǎo fēn? [Pinyin]
    What's my score?
    攞高分／𫽋高分 [Cantonese]  ―  lo2 gou1 fan1 [Jyutping]  ―  to get high marks
  11. one tenth
  12. [from 19th c., officially from 1981 (PRC), 1985 (ROC)] deci- (SI unit prefix)
  13. (economy, numismatics) 0.01 yuan (or dollars, etc.); fen; cent
  14. (Shanghainese, slang) ten yuan (or dollars, etc.) (Classifier: 張／张 w)
  15. (Shanghainese, by extension) money
    還分／还分 [Shanghainese]  ―  6we 1fen [Wugniu]  ―  to return money
  16. one tenth of a 寸 (a unit of length)
    1. (Hong Kong) fan, legally defined as 0.00371475 metres
    2. (Mainland China) Short for 市分, equivalent to 0.33 cm
  17. one tenth of a 畝 (a unit of area)
  18. a candareen (a unit of weight), one tenth of a 錢／钱 (qián, “mace”), and equal to ten 釐 (lí, “cash”)
  19. (historical) an ancient small unit of time
  20. (Hokkien) to adopt (a child)
  21. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to beg (ask for food or money as charity)
  • (to divide):
  • (to distribute):
  • (to distribute):
  • (to break up): 分手 (fēnshǒu)
  • (to give):

Dialectal synonyms of 給 (“to give”) [map]

Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 予, 畀
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 給
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 給
Taiwan 給
Malaysia 給
Singapore 給
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 給
Jinan 給
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 給
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 給
Wuhan 把, 把得, 給
Guilin 給
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 把, 給
Hefei 給
Cantonese Guangzhou 畀
Hong Kong 畀
Macau 畀
Taishan 畀
Dongguan 畀
Yangjiang 畀
Beihai 畀
Beihai (Nankang) 畀
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 畀
Penang (Guangfu) 畀
Singapore (Guangfu) 畀
Gan Nanchang 把
Hakka Meixian 分
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 分
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 分
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 分
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 分
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 分
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 得
Kuching (Hepo) 分
Jin Taiyuan 給
Northern Min Jian'ou 吶
Eastern Min Fuzhou 乞
Southern Min Xiamen 予
Quanzhou 予, 傳
Zhangzhou 予
Zhao'an 予
Taipei 予
New Taipei (Sanxia) 予
Kaohsiung 予
Yilan 予
Changhua (Lukang) 予
Taichung 予
Taichung (Wuqi) 予
Tainan 予
Taitung 予
Hsinchu 予
Kinmen 予
Penghu (Magong) 予
Penang (Hokkien) 予
Singapore (Hokkien) 予
Manila (Hokkien) 予
Chaozhou 分, 乞
Shantou 分, 乞
Shantou (Chaoyang) 乞
Jieyang 分, 乞
Haifeng 分, 予
Singapore (Teochew) 乞
Pontianak (Teochew) 分, 乞
Leizhou 乞
Wenchang 分
Haikou 要
Wu Shanghai 撥, 撥辣
Suzhou 撥
Ningbo 撥
Wenzhou 匄
Xiang Changsha 把
Loudi 把
  • (by):

Dialectal synonyms of 被 (“by”) [map]

Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 被
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 讓, 叫, 給
Taiwan 讓, 叫, 給
Malaysia 被, 給
Singapore 被, 讓, 給
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 叫, 讓
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 叫
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 遭, 叫
Wuhan 把得
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 給, 把
Hefei 給, 叫
Cantonese Guangzhou 畀
Hong Kong 畀
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 畀
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 畀
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 畀
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 畀
Macau 畀
Guangzhou (Panyu) 畀
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 畀
Guangzhou (Conghua) 畀
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 畀
Foshan 畀
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 畀
Foshan (Shunde) 畀
Foshan (Sanshui) 畀
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 畀
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 畀
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 畀
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 畀
Zhuhai (Doumen) 畀
Jiangmen (Baisha) 畀
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 畀
Taishan 畀
Kaiping (Chikan) 畀
Enping (Niujiang) 畀
Heshan (Yayao) 畀
Dongguan 畀
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 畀
Shaoguan 畀
Yunfu 畀
Yangjiang 畀
Xinyi 畀
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 畀
Singapore (Guangfu) 畀
Gan Nanchang 讓, 等
Hakka Meixian 分
Xingning 分
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 畀
Huiyang 分
Huidong (Daling) 分
Dongguan (Qingxi) 分
Boluo (Bendihua) 畀
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 分
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 畀
Wuhua (Huacheng) 分
Heyuan (Bendihua) 把
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 畀
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 把
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 分
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 分
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 分
Liannan 分
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 分
Jiexi 分
Changting 得
Wuping 得
Wuping (Pingyu) 得
Liancheng 給
Ninghua 分
Ruijin 得
Shicheng 得
Shangyou (Shexi) 討
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 分
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 分
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 分
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 分
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 分
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 得
Hong Kong 分
Senai (Huiyang) 分
Kuching (Hepo) 分
Jin Taiyuan 叫, 給
Northern Min Jian'ou 吶
Eastern Min Fuzhou 乞
Southern Min Xiamen 予, 乞
Quanzhou 予, 乞, 傳
Zhangzhou 予, 乞
Taipei 予
New Taipei (Sanxia) 予
Kaohsiung 予
Yilan 予
Changhua (Lukang) 予
Taichung 予
Tainan 予
Hsinchu 予
Kinmen 予
Penghu (Magong) 予
Singapore (Hokkien) 予
Manila (Hokkien) 予
Chaozhou 分, 乞
Shantou 分, 乞, 予
Shantou (Chaoyang) 乞
Jieyang 分, 乞
Leizhou 乞
Haikou 要
Wu Shanghai 撥, 撥辣
Suzhou 撥, 撥勒
Ningbo 撥, 撥人家
Wenzhou 匄
Xiang Changsha 聽, 撈, 讓, 被
Shuangfeng 耗
  • (to beg for food or money):
  • (cent):

Dialectal synonyms of 分 (“fen; cent”) [map]

  • (unit of length): 丈 (zhàng), 尺 (chǐ), 寸 (cùn)
SI prefix
Last Next
n/a 分 釐
Chinese historical small numbers
Value Character Notes
10-1 分 (fèn) Still in use. SI prefix deci-.
10-2 厘 (lí), 釐 (lí) Still in use. SI prefix centi-.
10-3 毫 (háo) Still in use. SI prefix milli-. Also 毛 (máo).
10-4 絲／丝 (sī) Rarely used today.
秒 (miǎo) Obsolete, only in ancient texts.
10-5 忽 (hū) Rarely used today.
10-6 微 (wēi) Still in use. SI prefix micro-.
10-7 纖／纤 (xiān) Obsolete.
10-8 沙 (shā) Obsolete.
10-9 塵／尘 (chén) Obsolete. 納／纳 (nà) and 奈 (nài) are used for nano-.
10-10 埃 (āi) Obsolete. In modern use, the character for angstrom (10-10 m).
10-11 渺 (miǎo) Obsolete.
10-12 漠 (mò) Obsolete. 皮 (pí) is used for SI prefix pico-.
  • → Thai: หุน (hǔn, “a unit of length and weight”)
  • → Zhuang: faen
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 分
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fèn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bjunH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[m]-pə[n]-s/
English alloted duty

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 分
Reading # 2/2
No. 3191
Phonetic
component 		分
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		分
Old
Chinese 		/*bɯns/

分

  1. part; share; portion
  2. ingredient; component
  3. duty; responsibility
  4. status; standing
  5. lot; fate; destiny
  6. mutual affection
  7. Alternative form of 份 (fèn, “classifier”)
  8. Short for 分之 (fēn zhī).

Many of the senses are now written with the specialised character 份 (fèn).

  • (ingredient): 成分 (chéngfèn)
Shinjitai 分  
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]
分󠄁
分+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1) 		 
分󠄃
分+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

分

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

From Middle Chinese 分 (MC pjun); compare Mandarin 分 (fēn):

From Middle Chinese 分 (MC bjunH); compare Mandarin 分 (fèn):

From native Japanese roots:

Kanji in this term
分
ふん
Grade: 2
on'yomi

/pun/ → /fun/

From Middle Chinese 分 (MC pjun, “a minute”).

分(ふん) • (-fun) 

  1. minutes (duration)

分(ふん) • (fun) 

  1. a minute (unit of time)
  2. a minute (unit of angle)

When preceded by a number, the reading changes depending on the phonetic context.

Japanese number-counter combinations for 分(ふん) (fun)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 What time?
一(いっ)分(ぷん) (ippun) 二(に)分(ふん) (nifun) 三(さん)分(ぷん) (sanpun)
三(さん)分(ふん) (sanfun) 		四(よん)分(ぷん) (yonpun)
四(よん)分(ふん) (yonfun) 		五(ご)分(ふん) (gofun) 六(ろっ)分(ぷん) (roppun) 七(なな)分(ふん) (nanafun)
七(しち)分(ふん) (shichifun) 		八(はっ)分(ぷん) (happun)
八(はち)分(ふん) (hachifun) 		九(きゅう)分(ふん) (kyūfun) 十(じゅっ)分(ぷん) (juppun)
十(じっ)分(ぷん) (jippun) 		何(なん)分(ぷん) (nanpun)
何(なん)分(ふん) (nanfun)
Kanji in this term
分
ぶん
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 分 (MC bjunH, “a minute”).

分(ぶん) • (bun) 

  1. a part, a share, a portion
    このケーキは君(きみ)の分(ぶん)だよ。
    Kono kēki wa kimi no bun da yo.
    This piece of cake is your portion.
    一年(いちねん)分(ぶん)のレタス
    ichinen-bun no retasu
    one year's worth of lettuce
Kanji in this term
分
ぶ
Grade: 2
on'yomi

/bun/ → /bu/

Shift from bun above, with influence on the meaning from the Middle Chinese sense tied to original Middle Chinese reading /pɨun/.

分(ぶ) • (bu) 

  1. an obsolete unit of currency equal to four 両(りょう) (ryō) and to ten 釐(りん) (rin)
  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 282 (paper), page 191 (digital)
  2. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 208 (paper), page 116 (digital)
  3. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “分”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎[1] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

From Middle Chinese 分 (MC pjun).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 분 (Yale: pwùn)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] ᄂᆞᆫ홀〮 (Yale: nònhwól) 분 (Yale: pwùn)

Wikisource

分 (eumhun 나눌 분 (nanul bun))

  1. hanja form? of 분 (“to divide”)
  2. hanja form? of 분 (“to distribute”)
  3. hanja form? of 분 (“to distinguish”)
  4. hanja form? of 분 (“fraction”)
  5. hanja form? of 분 (“minute (unit of time)”)

Compounds

From Middle Chinese 分 (MC bjunH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 뿐〮 (Yale: ppwún)
Early Modern Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Juhae Cheonjamun, 1804 분수 (bunsu) 분 (bun)
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pu(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [분(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

分 (eumhun 분수(分數) 분 (bunsu bun))

  1. hanja form? of 분 (“part; portion”)
  2. hanja form? of 분 (“component”)
  3. hanja form? of 분 (“status; standing”)
  4. hanja form? of 분 (“mutual affection”)
  5. hanja form? of 분 (“duty; responsibility”)

Compounds

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

分: Hán Việt readings: phân, phần, phận

  1. Chữ Hán form of phân (“divide”).
  2. Chữ Hán form of phần (“part”).
  3. Chữ Hán form of phận (“role”).