影 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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Stroke order

影 (Kangxi radical 59, 彡+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 日火竹竹竹 (AFHHH), four-corner 6292₂, composition ⿰景彡)

𡂵, 𤂖, 𥶩

Kangxi Dictionary: page 364, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10019
Dae Jaweon: page 684, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 857, character 4
Unihan data for U+5F71

simp. and trad.		影
2nd round simp.		𢒈
alternative forms		蔭／荫 (Hokkien)

Historical forms of the character 影
Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song)
Transcribed ancient scripts

	Old Chinese
涼	ɡ·raŋ, ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raŋs
凉	*ɡ·raŋ
椋	*ɡ·raŋ
綡	*ɡ·raŋ
輬	*ɡ·raŋ
諒	*ɡ·raŋs
掠	ɡ·raŋs, ɡ·raɡ
弶	*ɡaŋs
京	*kraŋ
麖	*kraŋ
鶁	*kraŋ
景	*kraŋʔ
鯨	*ɡraŋ
黥	*ɡraŋ
勍	*ɡraŋ
剠	*ɡraŋ
倞	*ɡraŋs
影	*qraŋʔ
璟	qraŋʔ, kʷraŋʔ
憬	*kʷraŋʔ
暻	*kʷraŋʔ
澋	*ɡʷraːŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraŋʔ) : phonetic 景 (OC *kraŋʔ) + semantic 彡.

Unclear. Various etymologies have been proposed:

Cognate with 景 (OC *kraŋʔ, “image”), 鏡 (OC *kraŋs, “mirror”) (Wang, 1982; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), which STEDT compares to Proto-Kuki-Chin *klaaŋ-I, *klaan-II (“to shine; light; bright”);
Cognate with 英 (OC *qraŋ, “brilliant; flower”) or rather its Austroasiatic comparanda, including Proto-Bahnaric *ʔaːŋ (“bright (light)”) (Schuessler, 2007);
Related to 苑 (OC *qonʔ, *qons, “garden”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yǐng (ying³)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄥˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yin³

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йин (yin, II)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jing² / jeng²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yen² / yiang²
Gan (Wiktionary): iang³ / in³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yáng

(Meixian, Guangdong): yang³
Jin (Wiktionary): ing²
Northern Min (KCR): iǒ̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): ōng / īng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): iáⁿ / ńg / ngh / éng

(Teochew, Peng'im): ian²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵in
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): in³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǐng
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǐng
  - Wade–Giles: ying³
  - Yale: yǐng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiing
  - Palladius: ин (in)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (影兒／影儿)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǐngr
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄥˇㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǐngr
  - Wade–Giles: ying³-ʼrh
  - Yale: yǐngr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiiengl
  - Palladius: инр (inr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɤ̯̃ɻ²¹⁴/

Note:

yǐngr - “shadow; reflection; vague impression”.

(Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yin³
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: in
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /in⁵³/
(Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йин (yin, II)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵¹/
(Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jing² / jeng²
  - Yale: yíng / yéng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jing² / jeng²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ying² / yéng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ³⁵/, /jɛːŋ³⁵/

Note:

jing2 - literary;
jeng2 - vernacular (rare).

(Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yen² / yiang²
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /jen⁵⁵/, /jiaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

yen2 - literary;
yiang2 - vernacular.

Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: iang³ / in³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iaŋ²¹³/, /in²¹³/

Note:

iang3 - vernacular;
in3 - literary.

Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yáng
  - Hakka Romanization System: iang^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yang³
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯aŋ³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yáng
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iang^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yang³
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯aŋ³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yang³
  - Sinological IPA: /iaŋ³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ing²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ĩŋ⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iǒ̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɔŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ōng / īng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ouŋ³³/, /iŋ³³/

Note:

ōng - vernacular;
īng - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Wanhua, Hsinchu, Wuqi, Magong, Yilan, Taichung, Tainan, Taitung, Singapore, Penang, Klang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iáⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: iánn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: viar
  - IPA (Lukang): /iã⁵⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, Taipei, Yilan, Tainan, Klang): /iã⁵³/
  - IPA (Singapore): /iã⁴²/
  - IPA (Hui'an): /iã⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Penang): /iã⁴⁴⁵/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an): /iã⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ńg
  - Tâi-lô: ńg
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngr
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋ̍⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Taipei): /ŋ̍⁵³/
  - IPA (Hui'an): /ŋ̍⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an): /ŋ̍⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangpu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngh
  - Tâi-lô: ngh
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /ŋ̍ʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Klang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: éng
  - Tâi-lô: íng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: eang
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /ɛŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Taipei): /iɪŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an): /iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Hui'an): /eŋ⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Changtai, Klang): /eŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Lukang): /iɪŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

iáⁿ - vernacular;
ńg/ngh - vernacular (limited, e.g. 樹影／树影);
éng - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ian²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iáⁿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ĩã⁵²/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵in
  - MiniDict: in^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²in
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /in³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: in³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: 'jaengX

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qraŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qraŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	影
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǐng
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjæng^X ›
Old Chinese	/*qraŋʔ/
English	shadow (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	影
Reading #	1/1
No.	6837
Phonetic component	京
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	影
Old Chinese	/*qraŋʔ/
Notes	古作景，顏之推說葛洪字苑始加彡

影

shadow
image
trace (of human presence); presence (of people or things); occurrence (of events)
picture; photograph
(chiefly in compounds) film; movie
影視／影视 ― yǐngshì ― film and television

影星 ― yǐngxīng ― movie star
(Cantonese) to take (a picture or video)
(Hokkien) shade
(～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 影 (MC 'jaengX)

(shadow):

Dialectal synonyms of 影子 (“shadow”) [map]

(picture):

Dialectal synonyms of 照片 (“photograph”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		照片, 相片
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	相片兒, 照片兒
	Taiwan	相片
	Chengde	相片兒
	Chifeng	照片, 相片兒
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	相片兒
	Heihe	照片, 相片兒
	Qiqihar	照片, 相片
	Harbin	照片兒, 相片兒
	Jiamusi	照片, 相片
	Baicheng	照片兒, 相片兒
	Changchun	相片兒
	Tonghua	相片兒
	Shenyang	照片兒, 相片兒
	Jinzhou	相片, 照片
	Singapore	照片
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	相片兒
	Tangshan	照片, 相片兒
	Cangzhou	照片兒, 相片兒
	Baoding	相片兒
	Shijiazhuang	相片兒
	Lijin	照片兒, 相片兒
	Jinan	相片, 照片, 相片兒, 照片兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	相片兒
	Dandong	照片, 相片兒
	Yantai	相片兒
	Qingdao	相片兒
	Zhucheng	照片兒, 相片兒
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	相片兒
	Lingbao	相片兒
	Jining	照片兒, 相片兒
	Wanrong	相片兒
	Linfen	相片兒
	Yuanyang	照片, 相片
	Zhengzhou	相片兒
	Xinyang	相片兒
	Baihe	相片兒, 照片兒
	Xi'an	照片兒, 相片兒
	Baoji	相片
	Tianshui	照片, 相片
	Xining	照片, 相片
	Xuzhou	照片兒, 相片兒
	Fuyang	照片, 相片兒
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	相片
	Lanzhou	照片, 相片
	Dunhuang	相片
	Hami	照片, 相片
	Ürümqi	相片, 相片子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	照片兒, 相片兒, 相片
	Nanchong	照片, 相片
	Dazhou	相片
	Hanyuan	相片
	Xichang	照片, 相片
	Zigong	照片, 相片兒
	Chongqing	相片
	Wuhan	照片, 相片子, 相片, 相
	Yichang	照片, 相片
	Xiangyang	照片, 相片
	Tianmen	照片, 相片
	Guiyang	相片
	Zunyi	相片
	Bijie	相片
	Liping	相片
	Zhaotong	相片
	Dali	照片, 相片
	Kunming	照片, 相片
	Mengzi	相片
	Guilin	相片
	Liuzhou	照片, 相片
	Jishou	照片, 相片
	Changde	照片
	Hanzhong	照片, 相片
	Dagudi (Maliba)	相片
	Reshuitang (Longling)	相片
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	相片
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	相片
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	相片
	Yangzhou	照片, 小照, 相片
	Lianyungang	照片, 相片
	Lianshui	相片
	Nantong	照片, 相片
	Anqing	照片, 相片
	Wuhu	照片, 相片
	Hefei	照片, 相片
	Hong'an	照片, 相片, 相
Cantonese	Guangzhou	相片, 相
	Hong Kong	相
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	相
	Taishan	相
	Taishan (Guanghai)	相片, 相
	Kaiping (Chikan)	相
	Yangjiang	相
	Rongxian	相片
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	相片
	Hepu (Shatian)	相片
	Beihai	相片
	Beihai (Nankang)	相片
	Beihai (Yingpan)	相片
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	相片
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	相片
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	相片
	Ipoh (Guangfu)	相
	Singapore (Guangfu)	相片, 相
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	相片
	Móng Cái	相片
	Mandalay (Taishan)	相片
	Bangkok (Guangfu)	相片
	Betong (Rongxian)	相片
Gan	Nanchang	相片, 相片子
Hakka	Meixian	相片
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	相片
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	相片
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	相片
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	相片
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	相片
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	相片, 寫真
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	相片, 寫真
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	相片, 寫真
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	相片, 寫真, 寫真相
	Hong Kong	相片
Huizhou	Shexian	照片, 相片
Jin	Taiyuan	相片, 相片子, 照相片
	Yangyuan	照片兒, 相片兒
	Datong	相片兒
	Xinzhou	相片子
	Lüliang (Lishi)	照片兒, 相片兒
	Changzhi	照片兒, 相片兒
	Linhe	照片, 相片
	Jining	照片
	Hohhot	相片兒
	Erenhot	照片兒, 相片兒
	Pingshan	相片兒
	Zhangjiakou	照片兒
	Handan	照片, 相片
	Linzhou	相片
	Suide	相片兒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	相, 相片
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	相, 相片
Eastern Min	Matsu	相片
Southern Min	Xiamen	像片, 相, 小影, 影
	Quanzhou	像片, 影
	Zhangzhou	影
	Zhao'an	影相
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	像, 相片
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	相片
	Kaohsiung	相片, 像
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	像
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	相
	Yilan (Toucheng)	相片
	Tainan (Anping)	相片
	Penghu (Xiyu)	相
	Penang (Hokkien)	小影
	Singapore (Hokkien)	像
	Manila (Hokkien)	像
	Chaozhou	相
	Shantou	相片, 相
	Jieyang	小影, 相, 相片
	Bangkok (Teochew)	相片
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	相
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	小影, 相片
	Singapore (Teochew)	像
	Pontianak (Teochew)	相
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	相
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	相片
Wu	Shanghai	照相, 照片, 寫真
	Suzhou	照, 照片
	Wenzhou	照相
Xiang	Changsha	相片子, 相片, 相
Xiang	Shuangfeng	相片子, 相片

(to take (a picture)):

拍 (pāi)
拍攝／拍摄 (pāishè)
攝／摄 (literary, or in compounds)
攝取／摄取 (shèqǔ)
欱 (Hokkien)
翕 (Min Nan)

→ Zhuang: ingj (“to take (a picture)”)

“影”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

影

(Jōyō kanji)

Go-on: よう (yō)
Kan-on: えい (ei, Jōyō)
Kun: かげ (kage, 影, Jōyō)

Bound apophonic form of 影 (kaga).

影(かが) • (kaga)

light
a shape or form reflected in light
a shadow

鏡(かがみ) (kagami)

Kanji in this term
影
かげ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Unbound apophonic form of 影 (kaga).

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kankay. Cognate with 陰 (kage, “shadow”).^[1]^[2]

(Tokyo) かげ [káꜜgè] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡe̞]

影(かげ) • (kage)

shadow
馬(うま)の影(かげ)
uma no kage
a shadow of a horse
a shape or form reflected in light
presence
この町(まち)は影(かげ)が薄(うす)い。
Kono machi wa kage ga usui.
This town's presence is little.
negative aspect
高度(こうど)経済(けいざい)成長(せいちょう)の影(かげ)
kōdo keizai seichō no kage
the negative aspect of the high economic growth
(historical, Kansai) a low ranked prostitute in the licensed quarters with a fee of two 匁 (momme)
Synonyms: see Thesaurus:娼婦

See also: 月 (gachi) and 汐 (shio)

(antonym(s) of “negative aspect”): 光(ひかり) (hikari, “positive aspect”)

Kanji in this term
影
えい Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 影 (MC 'jaengX).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

IPA^(key): [e̞ː]

影(えい) • (ei)

Kanji in this term
影
よう Grade: S
goon

From Middle Chinese 影 (MC 'jaengX).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

IPA^(key): [jo̞ː]

影(よう) • (yō)

(rare) Alternative form of 影 (ei)

^ “影・景”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ “影”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

影 (eumhun 그림자 영 (geurimja yeong))

hanja form^? of 영 (“shadow”)

影: Hán Nôm readings: ảnh

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