慣 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: 惯

慣 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心田十金 (PWJC), four-corner 9708₆, composition ⿰忄貫)

惯

Kangxi Dictionary: page 399, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11111
Dae Jaweon: page 739, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2349, character 1
Unihan data for U+6163

trad.		慣
simp.		惯

	Old Chinese
毌	koːn, koːns
貫	koːn, koːns
樌	*koːns
鏆	*koːns
遦	*koːns
慣	*kroːns
摜	*kroːns
瑻	*kuːn
謴	*kuːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːns) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 貫 (OC *koːn, *koːns) – habit is what one does by heart.

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guàn (guan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaan³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): koan
Northern Min (KCR): gu̿ing
Eastern Min (BUC): gáing / guáng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): koàn / koàiⁿ / kùiⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): guang³ / guêng³ / guin³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵kue

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guàn
  - Wade–Giles: kuan⁴
  - Yale: gwàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guann
  - Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯än⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gwaan³
  - Yale: gwaan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan³
  - Guangdong Romanization: guan³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷaːn³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koan
  - Hakka Romanization System: guan
  - Hagfa Pinyim: guan⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ku̯an⁵⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gu̿ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuiŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gáing / guáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaiŋ²¹³/, /kuɑŋ²¹³/

Note:

gáing - vernacular (“accustomed”);
guáng - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koàn
  - Tâi-lô: kuàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koaxn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kuan²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kuan¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koàiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kuàinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvoaix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /kuãi²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kuãi¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kùiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kuìnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvuix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kuĩ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuĩ⁴¹/

Note:

koàn - literary;
kòaiⁿ/kùiⁿ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: guang³ / guêng³ / guin³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuàng / kuèng / kùiⁿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuaŋ²¹³/, /kueŋ²¹³/, /kũĩ²¹³/

Note:

guang3 - Shantou;
guêng3 - Chaozhou;
guin3 - dialectal usage (in 慣性).

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵kue
  - MiniDict: kue^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²kue
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kue³⁴/

Dialectal data

Middle Chinese: kwaenH

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤro[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kroːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guàn
Middle Chinese	‹ kwæn^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁro[n]-s/
English	accustomed to
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慣
Reading #	1/1
No.	4471
Phonetic component	毌
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	慣
Old Chinese	/*kroːns/
Notes	爾雅作貫，貫轉註字

慣

to be accustomed to; to be used to
to spoil; to overindulge
(literary, or in compounds) habit; custom
(literary, or in compounds) habitually; usually

(to be accustomed to):

Dialectal synonyms of 習慣 (“to get used to; to be accustomed to”) [map]

(to spoil):

嬌／娇 (jiāo)
嬌慣／娇惯 (jiāoguàn)
嬌縱／娇纵 (jiāozòng)
寵愛／宠爱 (chǒng'ài)
放縱／放纵 (fàngzòng)
溺愛／溺爱 (nì'ài)

(habitually):

動輒／动辄 (dòngzhé) (literary)
常常 (chángcháng)
常時／常时 (chángshí)
往往 (wǎngwǎng)
時常／时常 (shícháng)
時時／时时 (shíshí)
每每 (měiměi)
終古／终古 (zhōnggǔ) (literary)
經常／经常 (jīngcháng)

慣

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Go-on: けん (ken)
Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
Kun: なれる (nareru, 慣れる, Jōyō)、ならす (narasu, 慣らす, Jōyō)、ならわし (narawashi, 慣)

Kanji in this term
慣
かん Grade: 5
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 慣 (MC kwaenH).

IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

慣(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)^?}

used to; accustomed; custom; habit

From Middle Chinese 慣 (MC kwaenH).

慣 (eumhun 버릇 관 (beoreut gwan))

hanja form^? of 관 (“custom; habit”)

Compounds

관례 (慣例, gwallye, “convention, precedent”)
관행 (慣行, gwanhaeng, “customary practice”)
습관 (習慣, seupgwan, “habit”)
관성 (慣性, gwanseong, “inertia”)
관용 (慣用, gwanyong, “common usage”)
관습 (慣習, gwanseup, “custom, convention”)
관용구 (慣用句, gwanyonggu, “idiom”)
구관 (舊慣, gugwan, “old custom”)
관용음 (慣用音, gwanyong'eum)

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

慣: Hán Nôm readings: quen, quán

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