硬 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: 峺

Stroke order

硬 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一口一中大 (MRMLK), four-corner 1164₆, composition ⿰石更)

Kangxi Dictionary: page 831, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24230
Dae Jaweon: page 1247, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2432, character 6
Unihan data for U+786C

simp. and trad.		硬
alternative forms		鞕

	Old Chinese
更	kraːŋ, kraːŋs
粳	*kraːŋ
埂	kraːŋ, kraːŋʔ
浭	*kraːŋ
稉	*kraːŋ
梗	*kraːŋʔ
哽	*kraːŋʔ
綆	*kraːŋʔ
鯁	*kraːŋʔ
挭	*kraːŋʔ
骾	*kraːŋʔ
郠	*kraːŋʔ
硬	ŋɡraːŋs, ŋɡraːŋs
鞕	*ŋɡraːŋs
丙	*pqraŋʔ
炳	*praŋʔ
邴	praŋʔ, praŋs
怲	praŋʔ, praŋs
苪	*praŋʔ
蛃	*praŋʔ
昺	*praŋʔ
昞	*praŋʔ
窉	*praŋʔ
柄	praŋʔ, praŋs
鈵	*praŋs
寎	*praŋs
病	*braŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs) : semantic 石 + phonetic 更 (OC *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs).

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yìng (ying⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄥˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ngen⁴

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): ēn

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): нин (nin, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngaang⁶ / ngaang^6-2

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngang⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): ngang⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngang

(Meixian, Guangdong): ngang⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): ning³
Northern Min (KCR): ngāing
Eastern Min (BUC): ngâing
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ngī / ngǐ / ngēe / ngē / gēng / gěng

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngên⁶

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): nge⁶ / ngeng⁷
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ngan
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ngen⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yìng
  - Wade–Giles: ying⁴
  - Yale: yìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yinq
  - Palladius: ин (in)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ngen⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngen
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋən²¹³/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: ēn
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): en⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ə̃⁴⁴/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: нин (nin, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niŋ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ngaang⁶ / ngaang^6-2
  - Yale: ngaahng / ngáang
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaang⁶ / ngaang^6-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngang⁶ / ngang^6-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaːŋ²²/, /ŋaːŋ²²⁻³⁵/

Note: ngaang6-2 - alternative pronunciation for "certainly".

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngang⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡaŋ³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ngang⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaŋ¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngang
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngang
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngang⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngang⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋaŋ⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ning³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /nĩŋ⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngāing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaiŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngâing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaiŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngī
  - Tâi-lô: ngī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngi
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /ŋĩ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ŋĩ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngǐ
  - Tâi-lô: ngǐ
  - IPA (Lukang): /ŋĩ³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋĩ²²/
  - IPA (Philippines): /ŋi³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngēe
  - Tâi-lô: ngēe
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋɛ̃²²/
  - IPA (Penang): /ŋɛ²¹/
  - IPA (Singapore): /ŋɛ²²/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngē
  - Tâi-lô: ngē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: nge
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /ŋẽ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gēng
  - Tâi-lô: gīng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: geng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiɪŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡiɪŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gěng
  - Tâi-lô: gǐng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiɪŋ²²/

Note:

ngī/ngǐ/ngēe/ngē - vernacular;
gēng/gěng - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ngên⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngĕⁿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋẽ³⁵/
(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: nge⁶ / ngeng⁷
- Sinological IPA: /ŋɛ³³/, /ŋeŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

nge6 - vernacular;
ngeng7 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ngan
  - MiniDict: ngan^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ngan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋã²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ngen⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋən²¹/

Dialectal data

硬

hard (resistant to pressure)
tough; strong; firm
good (in terms of quality or ability)
stiff; inflexible
obstinately; forcibly; resolutely
(slang) to become hard; to have an erection
(Cantonese, Teochew) certainly; definitely; of course

(hard):

Dialectal synonyms of 硬 (“hard”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		硬
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	硬
	Taiwan	硬
	Harbin	硬
	Singapore	硬
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	硬
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	硬
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	硬
	Xi'an	硬
	Xining	硬
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	硬
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	硬
	Lanzhou	硬
	Ürümqi	硬
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	硬
	Wuhan	硬
	Guiyang	硬奏, 硬
	Guilin	硬
	Liuzhou	硬
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	硬
	Yangzhou	硬
	Hefei	硬
Cantonese	Guangzhou	硬
	Hong Kong	硬
	Taishan	硬
	Dongguan	硬
	Yangjiang	硬
	Singapore (Guangfu)	硬
Gan	Nanchang	硬
	Lichuan	硬
	Pingxiang	硬
Hakka	Meixian	硬
	Yudu	硬
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	硬
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	硬
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	硬
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	硬
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	硬
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	丁
Huizhou	Jixi	硬
Jin	Taiyuan	硬
Jin	Xinzhou	硬
Northern Min	Jian'ou	硬
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	硬, 𠕇
Southern Min	Xiamen	硬, 𠕇
	Quanzhou	硬, 𠕇
	Zhangzhou	硬, 𠕇
	Taipei	𠕇, 硬
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	𠕇, 硬
	Kaohsiung	𠕇, 硬
	Yilan	𠕇, 硬
	Changhua (Lukang)	𠕇, 硬
	Taichung	𠕇
	Tainan	𠕇, 硬
	Hsinchu	𠕇
	Kinmen	𠕇
	Penghu (Magong)	𠕇
	Singapore (Hokkien)	𠕇, 硬
	Manila (Hokkien)	𠕇, 硬
	Chaozhou	硬, 𠕇
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	𠕇
	Singapore (Teochew)	𠕇
	Leizhou	𠕇
	Wenchang	𠕇
	Haikou	硬, 𠕇
	Singapore (Hainanese)	硬
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	硬
Wu	Shanghai	硬
	Shanghai (Chongming)	硬
	Suzhou	硬
	Danyang	硬
	Hangzhou	硬
	Ningbo	硬
	Wenzhou	硬
	Jinhua	硬
Xiang	Changsha	硬
	Loudi	硬
	Shuangfeng	硬

(antonym(s) of “hard”): 軟／软 (ruǎn)

“硬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

硬

(Jōyō kanji)

Solid, hard, firm.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kjʌ̹ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [경]

Wikisource

硬 (eumhun 굳을 경 (gudeul gyeong))

hanja form^? of 경 (“harden, stiffen”)

硬: Hán Nôm readings: ngạnh

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.