針 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 针
針 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+2, 10 strokes, cangjie input 金十 (CJ), four-corner 84100, composition ⿰釒十)
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1296, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40165
- Dae Jaweon: page 1799, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4168, character 5
- Unihan data for U+91DD
trad. | 針/鍼 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 针/𰾗 | |
usage of 𰾗 in Simplified Chinese is limited to personal names. |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kjum, *kjums) : semantic 釒 (“metal”) + phonetic 十 (OC *ɡjub).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-ra(p/m) (“needle”); compare Tibetan ཁབ (khab), Burmese အပ် (ap) (STEDT; Hill, 2017).
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ziin1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): zeng1
- Northern Min (KCR): céng
- Eastern Min (BUC): cĕng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tsen
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhen1
- (Loudi, Wiktionary): din1 / jin1
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): jin1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhēn
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhen
- Wade–Giles: chên1
- Yale: jēn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jen
- Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zen1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zen
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sən⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җын (žɨn, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zam1
- Yale: jām
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzam1
- Guangdong Romanization: zem1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐm⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: zim1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sim³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ziin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɨn⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂m
- Hakka Romanization System: ziimˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: zim1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨm²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: zeng1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sə̃ŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: céng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡seiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cĕng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Changtai, Longyan, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Hsinchu, Taichung, Singapore, Klang)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Klang)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chim
- Tâi-lô: tsim
- Phofsit Daibuun: cym
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sim⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Nan'an, Yongchun, Yongchun)
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chem
- Tâi-lô: tsem
- Phofsit Daibuun: zefm
- IPA (Hui'an): /t͡sem³³/
Note:
- chiam/cham - vernacular;
- chim/cherm/chem - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zam1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsam
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sam³³/
- (Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: jiam1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡siam³⁵/
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: zhen1
- Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂən³³/
- Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /t͡sən³³/
- (Loudi)
- Wiktionary: din1 / jin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tin⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕin⁴⁴/
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: jin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁴⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: tsyim, tsyimH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[k]əm/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kjum/, /*kjums/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 針 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zhēn |
Middle Chinese |
‹ tsyim › |
Old Chinese |
/*t.[k]əm/ |
English | needle |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 針 | 針 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
No. | 11448 | 11449 |
Phonetic component |
十 | 十 |
Rime group |
侵 | 侵 |
Rime subdivision |
3 | 3 |
Corresponding MC rime |
斟 | 枕 |
Old Chinese |
/*kjum/ | /*kjums/ |
Notes | 見淮南子,說文作鍼 |
針
- (countable) needle (Classifier: 根 m; 枚 m; 枝 c mn; 眼 c)
- alt. forms: 箴 (zhēn)
- needle-like object; pin; brooch; hand (of a clock or watch); tack
- injection
- acupuncture
- to poke; to sting
- (Cantonese) to pick on; to aim at someone personally
- (Cantonese) spy; informer; probe (Classifier: 條/条 c)
- Classifier for the number of injections.
- Classifier for the number of stitches.
- 一針見血/一针见血 (yīzhēnjiànxiě)
- 丟巧針/丢巧针
- 九針/九针
- 亂針繡/乱针绣
- 倒扣針兒/倒扣针儿
- 做針線/做针线
- 刀割針扎
- 分針/分针 (fēnzhēn)
- 別針/别针 (biézhēn)
- 唱針/唱针 (chàngzhēn)
- 啄針兒/啄针儿
- 嗎啡針/吗啡针
- 大政方針/大政方针
- 大海撈針/大海捞针 (dàhǎilāozhēn)
- 大頭針/大头针 (dàtóuzhēn)
- 太乙神針/太乙神针
- 如坐針氈/如坐针毡 (rúzuòzhēnzhān)
- 對針/对针
- 小針美容/小针美容
- 平針縫/平针缝
- 引線穿針/引线穿针
- 強心針/强心针 (qiángxīnzhēn)
- 張飛穿針/张飞穿针
- 弼針/弼针
- 彈針/弹针
- 懸針/悬针
- 懸針垂露/悬针垂露
- 扎針 (zházhēn)
- 打針/打针 (dǎzhēn)
- 抵針/抵针
- 披針形葉/披针形叶
- 拈針指/拈针指
- 指北針/指北针 (zhǐběizhēn)
- 指南針/指南针 (zhǐnánzhēn)
- 指針/指针 (zhǐzhēn)
- 捻針/捻针
- 插針都插唔入/插针都插唔入
- 搗針/捣针
- 搖針/摇针
- 撞針/撞针 (zhuàngzhēn)
- 擺針/摆针
- 敹一針/敹一针
- 方針/方针 (fāngzhēn)
- 時針/时针 (shízhēn)
- 暈針/晕针 (yūnzhēn)
- 有針線/有针线
- 東海撈針/东海捞针 (dōnghǎilāozhēn)
- 枝針/枝针
- 松針/松针 (sōngzhēn)
- 棘針/棘针
- 棒針/棒针 (bàngzhēn)
- 棘針科/棘针科
- 棒針衫/棒针衫 (bàngzhēnshān)
- 棘針門/棘针门
- 步線行針/步线行针
- 毫針/毫针
- 水底撈針/水底捞针 (shuǐdǐlāozhēn)
- 海底撈針/海底捞针 (hǎidǐlāozhēn)
- 燔針/燔针
- 短針/短针 (duǎnzhēn)
- 石針/石针
- 磁針/磁针 (cízhēn)
- 磨杵成針/磨杵成针
- 磨針溪/磨针溪
- 磨鐵成針/磨铁成针
- 秒針/秒针 (miǎozhēn)
- 秧針/秧针
- 穿針引線/穿针引线 (chuānzhēnyǐnxiàn)
- 細針密縷/细针密缕
- 絞包針/绞包针
- 綿裡針/绵里针
- 繃針/绷针
- 縫針補線/缝针补线
- 繡花針/绣花针 (xiùhuāzhēn)
- 繡針/绣针
- 羅盤針/罗盘针
- 耳針/耳针
- 胸針/胸针 (xiōngzhēn)
- 花兒針/花儿针
- 茅針/茅针 (máozhēn)
- 藏針縫/藏针缝
- 蛇口蜂針/蛇口蜂针
- 蠻針瞎灸/蛮针瞎灸 (mánzhēnxiājiǔ)
- 行針步線/行针步线
- 補針/补针
- 見縫插針/见缝插针 (jiànfèngchāzhēn)
- 討針線/讨针线
- 迴紋針/回纹针 (huíwénzhēn)
- 退針/退针
- 避雷針/避雷针 (bìléizhēn)
- 金針/金针 (jīnzhēn)
- 金針度人/金针度人
- 金針花/金针花
- 金針菇/金针菇 (jīnzhēngū)
- 金針菜/金针菜 (jīnzhēncài)
- 針劑/针剂 (zhēnjì)
- 針墊/针垫
- 針孔/针孔 (zhēnkǒng)
- 針孔現象/针孔现象
- 針對/针对 (zhēnduì)
- 針尖兒/针尖儿 (zhēnjiānr)
- 針工/针工
- 針形葉/针形叶
- 針指/针指 (zhēnzhǐ)
- 針挑刀挖/针挑刀挖
- 釘書針/钉书针
- 針氈/针毡
- 針法/针法 (zhēnfǎ)
- 針灸/针灸
- 針灸銅人/针灸铜人 (zhēnjiǔ tóng rén)
- 針灸麻醉/针灸麻醉
- 針眼/针眼
- 針砭/针砭 (zhēnbiān)
- 針神/针神
- 針筆/针笔
- 針筒/针筒 (zhēntǒng)
- 針筆匠/针笔匠
- 針箍/针箍
- 針線/针线 (zhēnxiàn)
- 針線娘/针线娘
- 針線扁/针线扁
- 針線盒/针线盒
- 針織/针织 (zhēnzhī)
- 針織品/针织品 (zhēnzhīpǐn)
- 針腳/针脚 (zhēnjiǎo)
- 針芥相投/针芥相投
- 針葉林/针叶林 (zhēnyèlín)
- 針葉樹/针叶树 (zhēnyèshù)
- 針針見血/针针见血
- 針鋩/针铓
- 針鋒/针锋 (zhēnfēng)
- 針鋒相對/针锋相对 (zhēnfēngxiāngduì)
- 針鋒相投/针锋相投
- 針關/针关
- 針頭/针头 (zhēntóu)
- 針頭線腦/针头线脑 (zhēntóuxiànnǎo)
- 針餌莫減/针饵莫减
- 針黹/针黹 (zhēnzhǐ)
- 針黹紡績/针黹纺绩
- 針鼹
- 針鼻兒/针鼻儿 (zhēnbír)
- 鉤針/钩针 (gōuzhēn)
- 錶針/表针 (biǎozhēn)
- 鍉針/𫔂针
- 鐵杵磨針/铁杵磨针
- 長針/长针 (chángzhēn)
- 電針/电针
- 電針麻醉/电针麻醉
- 頂針/顶针 (dǐngzhēn)
- 頂針捱住/顶针捱住
- 頂門針/顶门针
- 預防針/预防针 (yùfángzhēn)
- 飛針走線/飞针走线
- 鬼針草/鬼针草
- 鹽水針/盐水针
- 齧蘗吞針/啮蘗吞针
Others:
- → Bouyei: jiml (“needle”)
- → Proto-Mien: *simᴬ (“needle”)
- → Proto-Tai: *qemᴬ (“needle”)
- → Proto-Vietic: *kiːm
- → Vietnamese: găm
- → Zhuang: cim (“needle”)
- “針”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
針
- Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)
- Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)
- Kun: はり (hari, 針, Jōyō)、さす (sasu, 針す)、ぬう (nuu, 針う)←ぬふ (nufu, 針ふ, historical)
Kanji in this term |
---|
針 |
はり Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
鉤 鈎 |
⟨pari⟩ → /ɸaɾi/ → /haɾi/
From Old Japanese.
- a sewing needle
- a sewing pin
- any slender, pointed object resembling or similar in use to a needle:
- a phonograph needle (in record players)
1935 March 13, 日伯新聞 (Nippaku Shinbun) [Nippo-Brazilian Newspaper][2], number 926, page 1:
- a needle used in medical injections
- a knitting needle
- a stinger (in insects)
- a staple (wire fastener)
- (botany) a thorn
- (fishing) a hook, fishhook
- a phonograph needle (in record players)
- (by extension) a hand or pointer (in clocks, watches, meters, compasses, etc.)
- embroidery, needlework
- (figurative) malice
- お針 (ohari)
- 鍼 (hari, “acupuncture needle”)
- 針医 (harī)
- 針金雀児 (harienishida)
- 針槐 (harienju)
- 針魚 (hario)
- 針金 (harigane)
- 針子 (hariko)
- 針刺し (harisashi)
- 針仕事 (hari shigoto)
- 針千本 (harisenbon, “porcupinefish”)
- 針鼠 (harinezumi)
- 針の穴 (hari no ana)
- 針の筵 (hari no mushiro)
- 針坊主 (hari bōzu)
- 針孔 (harimedo)
- 針土竜 (harimogura)
- 針樅 (harimomi)
- 針魚 (hariyo)
- 編み針 (amibari)
- 網結針 (amisukibari)
- 置き針 (okibari)
- 返し針 (kaeshibari)
- 鉤針 (kagibari)
- 隠し針 (kakushibari)
- 掛け針 (kakebari)
- 蚊針 (kabari)
- 革針 (kawabari), 皮針 (kawabari)
- 擬餌針 (gijibari)
- 絹針 (kinubari)
- 絎針 (kukebari)
- 毛針 (kebari)
- 小町針 (komachibari)
- 仕付け針 (shitsukebari)
- 千人針 (senninbari)
- 空針 (sorabari)
- 畳針 (tatamibari)
- 注射針 (chūshabari)
- 釣り針 (tsuribari)
- 綴じ針 (tojibari)
- 留め針 (tomebari)
- 縫い針 (nuihari), 縫い針 (nuibari)
- 刃針 (habari)
- 平針 (hirabari)
- 棒針 (bōbari)
- 帽子針 (bōshibari)
- 待ち針 (machibari)
- メリケン針 (merikenbari)
- 木綿針 (momenbari)
- 針を含む (hari o fukumu)
- 針の先で突いた程 (hari no saki de tsuita hodo)
- 針ほどのことを棒ほどに言う (hari hodo no koto o bō hodo ni iu)
- 針を蔵に積みても溜らぬ (hari o kura nitsumite mo tamaranu)
- 針を立つる土地無し (hari o tatsuru tochi nashi)
- 針を以て地を刺す (hari o motte chi o sasu)
- counter for stitches
/ɕim/ → /ɕimʉ/ → /ɕiɴ/
From Middle Chinese 針 (MC tsyim|tsyimH).
- 頂門の一針 (chōmon no isshin)
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
From Middle Chinese 針 (MC tsyim).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 짐 (Yale: cìm) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | 바ᄂᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: pànól) | 침 (Yale: chìm) |
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰim]
- Phonetic hangul: [침]
- hanja form? of 침 (“needle (used in sewing)”) [noun]
- hanja form? of 침 (“needle-like object (any slender, pointy object resembling a needle)”) [noun]
- Alternative form of 鍼 (“hanja form? of 침 (“needle (used in acupuncture)”)”)
Compounds
- 침단 (針端, chimdan)
- 침로 (針路, chimno)
- 침반 (針盤, chimban)
- 침봉 (針峯, chimbong)
- 침상 (針狀, chimsang)
- 침압 (針壓, chimap)
- 침엽 (針葉, chimyeop)
- 침음 (針音, chimeum)
- 침정 (針晶, chimjeong)
- 침통 (針筒, chimtong)
- 침판 (針板, chimpan)
- 침포 (針布, chimpo)
- 침활 (針闊, chimhwal)
- 검침 (檢針, geomchim)
- 격침 (擊針, gyeokchim)
- 경침 (莖針, gyeongchim)
- 곡침 (曲針, gokchim)
- 골침 (骨針, golchim)
- 구침 (晷針, guchim)
- 구침 (鉤針, guchim)
- 극침 (棘針, geukchim)
- 금침 (金針, geumchim)
- 단침 (短針, danchim)
- 대침 (大針, daechim)
- 독침 (毒針, dokchim)
- 망침 (網針, mangchim)
- 목침 (木針, mokchim)
- 방침 (方針, bangchim)
- 변침 (變針, byeonchim)
- 봉침 (蜂針, bongchim)
- 분침 (分針, bunchim)
- 방침 (方針, bangchim)
- 상침 (上針, sangchim)
- 선침 (選針, seonchim)
- 세침 (細針, sechim)
- 소침 (小針, sochim)
- 송침 (松針, songchim)
- 수침 (繡針, suchim)
- 시침 (時針, sichim)
- 안침 (按針, anchim)
- 엽침 (葉針, yeopchim)
- 영침 (影針, yeongchim)
- 유침 (留針, yuchim)
- 자침 (刺針, jachim)
- 자침 (磁針, jachim)
- 장침 (長針, jangchim)
- 정침 (定針, jeongchim)
- 조침 (釣針, jochim)
- 죽침 (竹針, jukchim)
- 지침 (指針, jichim)
- 철침 (鐵針, cheolchim)
- 초침 (秒針, chochim)
- 촉침 (觸針, chokchim)
- 탐침 (探針, tamchim)
- 현침 (懸針, hyeonchim)
- 침엽수 (針葉樹, chimyeopsu)
- 나침반 (羅針盤, nachimban)
- 나침의 (羅針儀, nachimui)
- 지남침 (指南針, jinamchim)
- 피뢰침 (避雷針, piroechim)
From Middle Chinese 針 (MC tsyimH).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 짐〮 (Yale: cím) |
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰi(ː)m]
- Phonetic hangul: [침(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
針 (eumhun 바느질할 침 (baneujilhal chim))
- hanja form? of 침 (“sewing; needlework”) [affix]
Compounds
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]
針
Kanji in this term |
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針 |
はーい Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
Cognate with Japanese 針 (hari).
針 (hāi)
- a needle used in sewing or other forms of embroidery
- “はーい【針・鍼】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
針 (pari) (kana はり)
- a needle used in embroidery
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
針 (paru) (kana はる)
- (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) a needle used in embroidery
針: Hán Nôm readings: châm, chăm, chảm, găm, kim, trâm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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