-is - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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-is n (noun-forming suffix, indeclinable)
-is
The Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, -us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:
- This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us. —An International Language (1928)
The vowel of -is is likely cognate with the Latin perfect, as in amavit "s/he had loved", and the corresponding past infinitive amavisse.
-is
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare -us and -s.
-is (genitive -ise, partitive -ist)
- Derives nouns.
- Derives forms of nouns used in compounds.
- väli (“field, area”) + -is → välis- (“outside”)
- võidma ("to spread", "to anoint") → võidis- in võidisvaal ("sperm whale")
Declension of -is (ÕS type 11/harjutus, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -is | -ised | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | -ise | ||
genitive | -iste | ||
partitive | -ist | -isi | |
illative | -isse -isesse |
-istesse -isisse | |
inessive | -ises | -istes -isis | |
elative | -isest | -istest -isist | |
allative | -isele | -istele -isile | |
adessive | -isel | -istel -isil | |
ablative | -iselt | -istelt -isilt | |
translative | -iseks | -isteks -isiks | |
terminative | -iseni | -isteni | |
essive | -isena | -istena | |
abessive | -iseta | -isteta | |
comitative | -isega | -istega |
Declension of -is (ÕS type 9/katus, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -is | -ised | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | -ise | ||
genitive | -iste | ||
partitive | -ist | -iseid | |
illative | -isesse | -istesse -iseisse | |
inessive | -ises | -istes -iseis | |
elative | -isest | -istest -iseist | |
allative | -isele | -istele -iseile | |
adessive | -isel | -istel -iseil | |
ablative | -iselt | -istelt -iseilt | |
translative | -iseks | -isteks -iseiks | |
terminative | -iseni | -isteni | |
essive | -isena | -istena | |
abessive | -iseta | -isteta | |
comitative | -isega | -istega |
Probably from Swedish -is and possibly also extracted from slang terms including that suffix.
-is (colloquial)
- -er; a suffix used to form nouns and proper nouns from place names, common nouns and adjectives; gives a familiar nuance to the original word; the original word is often truncated in the process.
- funktionalismi (“functionalism”) + -is → funkis
- kova (“hard, tough”) + -is → kovis (“badass”)
- mestaruus (“championship”) + -is → mestis (“league of champions”)
- paha (“bad”) + -is → pahis (“bad guy”)
- Roihuvuori (a suburb of Helsinki) + -is → Roihis
Inflection of -is (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | -is | -ikset | |
genitive | -iksen | -isten -iksien | |
partitive | -ista | -iksia | |
illative | -ikseen | -iksiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -is | -ikset | |
accusative | nom. | -is | -ikset |
gen. | -iksen | ||
genitive | -iksen | -isten -iksien | |
partitive | -ista | -iksia | |
inessive | -iksessa | -iksissa | |
elative | -iksesta | -iksista | |
illative | -ikseen | -iksiin | |
adessive | -iksella | -iksilla | |
ablative | -ikselta | -iksilta | |
allative | -ikselle | -iksille | |
essive | -iksena | -iksina | |
translative | -ikseksi | -iksiksi | |
abessive | -iksetta | -iksitta | |
instructive | — | -iksin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of -is (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Inflection of -is (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | -is | -ikset | |
genitive | -iksen | -isten -iksien | |
partitive | -istä | -iksiä | |
illative | -ikseen | -iksiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -is | -ikset | |
accusative | nom. | -is | -ikset |
gen. | -iksen | ||
genitive | -iksen | -isten -iksien | |
partitive | -istä | -iksiä | |
inessive | -iksessä | -iksissä | |
elative | -iksestä | -iksistä | |
illative | -ikseen | -iksiin | |
adessive | -iksellä | -iksillä | |
ablative | -ikseltä | -iksiltä | |
allative | -ikselle | -iksille | |
essive | -iksenä | -iksinä | |
translative | -ikseksi | -iksiksi | |
abessive | -iksettä | -iksittä | |
instructive | — | -iksin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of -is (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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-is
- -isis (“double sharp”)
Inherited from Latin -iō → *-īō, -is → *-īs (sense 1–2); Latin -īvī, and -īvisti (sense 3–4). In the case of regular -ir verbs (like finir), the first singular present suffix was inherited from Old French -is, from Vulgar Latin *-īscō (cf. -iss-), while other first singular suffixes (also when added to irregular -ir verbs) are added erroneously.
-is
- forms the first-person singular present indicative of -ir verbs
- forms the second-person singular present indicative of -ir verbs
- forms the first-person singular past historic of -ir verbs
- forms the second-person singular past historic of -ir verbs
-is
- forms the first-person singular past historic of -re verbs
- forms the second-person singular past historic of -re verbs
Inherited from Old French -ëiz, from Latin -ātus (past participle ending) + -īcius (adjective-forming suffix).
-is
- adjective- or noun-forming suffix, generally found attached to verbs
Potentially shortened from Diesis.
-is (invariable)
- -isis (“double sharp”)
- Norwegian Bokmål: -iss
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
-is
- (diminutive suffix) Added to a proper noun to form a shortened diminutive name.
Borrowed from Esperanto -is, back-formation from -as.
-is
- desinence of the past tense in verbs
From Dutch -isch, from German -isch, from Middle High German -isch, from Old High German -isc, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.
-is
- -ic.
- strategis ― strategic
- pragmatis ― pragmatic
- -ical.
- praktis ― practical
- psikologis ― psychological
From Dutch -ist, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) + -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix).
-is
- -ist.
- anarkis ― anarchist
- jurnalis ― journalist
- “-is” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
From the dative form of Old Irish -as (“-ish”).
-is f
-is
From Proto-Indo-European *-is.
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /is/, [ɪs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /is/, [is]
-is (neuter -e); third-declension two-termination suffix
- suffixed to the root of nouns in composition, forms adjectives of the third declension
Third-declension two-termination adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
Nominative | -is | -e | -ēs | -ia | |
Genitive | -is | -ium | |||
Dative | -ī | -ibus | |||
Accusative | -em | -e | -ēs -īs |
-ia | |
Ablative | -ī | -ibus | |||
Vocative | -is | -e | -ēs | -ia |
- “-is” on page 970/3 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
Declined forms of -us (suffix forming adjectives). Derived from Proto-Italic -ois.
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /iːs/, [iːs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /is/, [is]
-īs
Declined forms of -a (suffix forming masculine agent nouns).
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /iːs/, [iːs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /is/, [is]
-īs m
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
-is
- second-person singular present active indicative of -ō (third conjugation)
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
-īs
- (archaic) second-person singular sigmatic aorist active subjunctive of -ō (third conjugation)
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
-is
Learned borrowing from Indonesian -is.[1]
-is
- Instances of this suffix are usually found in loanwords borrowed from Indonesian that have a more commonly used English-derived alternative. One example of this is the Malay term for pragmatic which can be expressed with the Indonesian-derived pragmatis that exists alongside the English-derived pragmatik.
Learned borrowing from English -ist, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) + -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix).
-is
- -ist.
- anarkis ― anarchist
- sadis ― sadist
Borrowed from Portuguese -ês, from Old Galician-Portuguese -es, from Latin -ēnsis.
-is (Jawi spelling -يس)
- -ese.
- Kantonis ― Cantonese
- Portugis ― Portuguese
- ^ Omar, A. H. (1971). Standard Language and the Standardization of Malay. Anthropological Linguistics, 13(2), 81–82. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30029277
-is
- Alternative form of -yssh
-is
- Alternative form of -esse
From Swedish -is (diminutive suffix), from Latin -is.
-is m (definite singular -isen, indefinite plural -iser, definite plural -isene)
- Used to form nouns from adjectives, verbs and other nouns
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
-is (Syllabics -ᐃᐢ)
- Used to form diminutives: -ie
At least since the late 1880s. Originally from the Latin ending -is in words such as basis (“basis”).
-is c or n
- (colloquial, particularly common in the Stockholm area) Suffix that gives a familiar, and to some extent a diminutive nuance, when combined with a word; common with both nouns and adjectives; commonly used for place names, institutions and persons in their professional role: Medis, frälsis, dagis, vaktis; compare English -y, -ie.
Är du sotis över att hon träffar sina killkompisar på krogen?
- Are you jealous that she's seeing her male friends at the pub?
Hämta vaktisen. Någon hade just sönder en fönsterruta.
- Get the janitor. Someone just broke a window.
- (colloquial) Similar to 1 in ad hoc combinations: pankis, sötis, snuskis; compare -ie.
Kan vi äta pankisar med sylt och visgrädde idag?
- Can we eat pancakes with jam and whipped cream today?
Du får inte hoppa över kontroller på orienteringen, din fuskis!
- You can't skip orienteering controls, you cheater ("cheatie")!
- Nouns ending in -is take either common (en) or neuter (ett) gender, often depending on the original word: ett daghem > ett dagis, en loppmarknad > en loppis, en vaktmästare > en vaktis.