-mi - Wiktionary, the free dictionary


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-mi (Buginese form ᨆᨗ)

  1. only
    tellumi panésaï
    there are only three things that determine it

-mi

  1. Clitic form of me (“me”)
  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

-mi

  1. but, however, yet, indeed, what about, yes
    uanga (“I, me”) -> uangami (“what about me?”)
    immaqa (“perhaps”) -> immaqami (“yes, maybe”)

Not to be confused with -mi, locative singular inflection ending.

-mi

  1. diminutive suffix.
  2. mild imperative suffix.

From Proto-Austronesian *kami, from *ami.

-mi (pronoun-forming suffix)

  1. First-person plural exclusive ergative enclitic pronoun; we (not you)
    Dinalusanmi ti kuarto. ― We cleaned the room.
  2. First-person plural exclusive possessive marker; our (exclusive)
    Adayo pay ti balaymi. ― Our house is still far.

Ilocano personal pronouns

Person Number Absolutive Ergative Oblique Possessive
Disjunctive Enclitic Enclitic3 bági form kukua form
First singular siak -ak -ko, -k kaniak bagik kukuak, kuak
dual data, sita1 -ta kaniata, kadata bagita kukuata
plural inclusive datayo, sitayo1 -tayo, -tay kaniatayo, kadatayo bagitayo kukuatayo
plural exclusive dakami, sikami1 -kami, -kam -mi kaniami, kadakami bagimi kukuami
Second singular sika -ka -mo, -m kaniam, kenka bagim kukuam
plural dakayo, sikayo1 -kayo, -kay -yo kaniayo, kadakayo bagiyo kukuayo
Third singular isu, isuna Ø2 -na kaniana, kenkuana bagina kukuana
plural isuda -da kaniada, kadakuada bagida kukuada
1Regional variants.
2Null morpheme. There is no absolutive enclitic for the third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives isu or isuna may also be used.
3Ergative enclitics are also used as possessive markers.

Fused enclitics

Actor Patient
siak data datayo dakami sika dakayo isu5 isuda
siak bagik4 — — — -ka -kayo -ko, -k -ko ida, -k ida
data — bagita4 — — — — -ta -ta ida
datayo — — bagitayo4 — — — -tayo -tayo ida
dakami — — — bagimi4 -daka -dakayo -mi -mi ida
sika -nak — — -nakami bagim4 — -mo, -m -mo ida, -m ida
dakayo -dak -data — -dakami — bagiyo4 -yo -yo ida
isu -nak -nata -natayo -nakami -naka -nakayo bagina4, -na -na ida
isuda -dak -data -datayo -dakami -daka -dakayo -da bagida4, -da ida
4Reflexive pronouns use the bagí form.
5 isu or isuna may also be added after the enclitics in this column.

-mi

  1. (enclitic) Alternative form of mi
    dare (“to give”) → darmi (“to give myself; to give me; to give to me”)
    vendere (“to sell”) → vendermi (“to sell myself; to sell me; to sell to me”)
    servire (“to serve”) → servirmi (“to serve myself; to serve me; to serve to me”)
  • Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive, accusative or dative forms when the object is first singular person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :
-are → -armi
-ere → -ermi
-ire → -irmi

Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:

introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdurmi (“to introduce myself; to introduce me; to insert in me”)

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -mi.

-mi

  1. second person plural genitive enclitic

Kambera pronominal clitics

-mi

  1. second person plural subject enclitic
  2. second person plural possessive enclitic

Portmanteau of -mo + -i

-mi (Lontara spelling ᨆᨗ)

  1. perfective aspect marker with third person absolutive pronoun
    Tinromi i Baso. ― Baso is already asleep.
  • (after vowels) -m

-mi

  1. Evidential suffix, first-hand information. Indicates that the speaker has direct evidence/knowledge of some fact, having experienced it, seen it, heard it, etc.
    Paykunawanmi kachkani.
    I am with them.
    Kuchinillaqa chiwanway ukhuyuqmi.
    The cochineal insect is deep red on the inside.
  2. Used to mark an open-ended question; more informal than -taq
    Piwanmi richkanki?
    Who are you going with?

-mi

  1. enclitic form of mi; appended to polysyllabic second-person singular imperative forms
    ciama (“call!”) → ciàmami (“call me!”)

From a shortening of Proto-Oceanic *-mami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-mami, from Proto-Austronesian *-ami.

-mi

  1. A first-person plural exclusive possessive suffix.
  • Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 365

-mi

  1. non-past marker, applied to verbs of class 1 to indicate non-past tense
  • Mary Laughren, Rob Pensalfini, Tom Mylne, Accounting for verb-initial order in an Australian language, in Verb First: On the syntax of verb-initial languages (2005)