Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-os - Wiktionary, the free dictionary


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From Proto-Indo-European *(ó)-os, which formed tómos-type event nouns from verbal roots.[1]

*(o)-os m

  1. Forms verbal nouns corresponding to o-grade causative/iterative verbs.
    ‎*rād-ī- + ‎*-os → ‎*rādos (“speech”)
    ‎*uɸo- (“under-”) + ‎*log-ī- (“to lay”) + ‎*-os → ‎*uɸologos (“hiding”)

This suffix causes the root to assume the o-grade. It can form both unprefixed and prefixed verbal nouns, unlike *-om (which can only make prefixed verbal nouns).

Masculine o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *-os *-ou *-oi
vocative *-e *-ou *-ūs
accusative *-om *-ou *-oms
genitive *-ī *-ous *-om
dative *-ūi *-obom *-obos
locative *-ei *? *?
instrumental *-ū *-obim *-ūis
  1. ^ Stüber, Karin (2015) Die Verbalabstrakta des Altirischen (in German), pages 105-107