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First attested 1400–50. From Middle English abbreviacioun, from Middle French abreviation, from Ecclesiastical Latin abbreviātiō, from Latin ad + breviō (“shorten”), from brevis (“short”). By surface analysis, abbreviate + -ion.
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /əˌbɹiː.viˈeɪ.ʃən/
- (General American) IPA(key): /əˌbɹi.viˈeɪ.ʃn̩/
- Rhymes: -eɪʃən
abbreviation (countable and uncountable, plural abbreviations), used with for or of
- The result of shortening or reducing; abridgment. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.][1]
- (linguistics) A shortened or contracted form of a word or phrase used to represent the whole, using omission of letters, and sometimes substitution of letters, or duplication of initial letters to signify plurality, including signs such as +, =, @. [Late 16th century.][1] (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:)
Hants is an abbreviation of Hampshire.
- The process of abbreviating. [Mid 16th century.][1]
- (music) A notation used in music score to denote a direction, as pp or mf.
- (music) One or more dashes through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, demisemiquavers, or hemidemisemiquavers.
- Any convenient short form used as a substitution for an understood or inferred whole.
- 1946-1947, President Truman's committee on Civil Rights
- The phrase "civil rights" is an abbreviation for a whole complex of relationships.
- 1946-1947, President Truman's committee on Civil Rights
- (biology) Loss during evolution of the final stages of the ancestral ontogenetic pattern.
- (mathematics) Reduction to lower terms, as a fraction.
- abbreviature; abridgement; abstract; compend; compression; condensation; contraction; curtailment; epitome; reduction; shortcut; summary
- (linguistics): acronym (employing initial letters or syllables); clipping (omitting several letters); initialism (employing initial letters); symbol, sign (employing marks other than letters)
shortened or contracted form of a word or phrase
- Afrikaans: afkorting (af), verkorting (af)
- Arabic: اِخْتِصَار m (iḵtiṣār)
- Egyptian Arabic: اختصار m (eḵteṣār)
- Armenian: հապավում (hy) (hapavum)
- Asturian: abreviatura (ast) f
- Azerbaijani: abbreviatura
- Belarusian: абрэвіяту́ра f (abrevijatúra), скарачэ́нне n (skaračénnje), скарачэ́ньне n (skaračénʹnje)
- Bulgarian: абревиату́ра (bg) f (abreviatúra), съкраще́ние (bg) n (sǎkrašténie)
- Catalan: abreviatura (ca) f
- Chinese:
- Cornish: berrheans m
- Crimean Tatar: qısqartma
- Czech: zkratka (cs) f
- Danish: forkortelse (da) c
- Dutch: afkorting (nl) f
- Esperanto: mallongigo (eo)
- Estonian: lühend (et)
- Faroese: stytting f
- Finnish: lyhenne (fi)
- French: abréviation (fr) f
- Galician: abreviatura (gl) f
- Georgian: აბრევიატურა (abreviaṭura), შემოკლება (šemoḳleba)
- German: Abkürzung (de) f, Kurzbezeichnung (de) f, Kürzel (de) n, Kurzform (de) f, Abbreviation (de), Abbreviatur (de) f
- Greek: συντομογραφία (el) f (syntomografía), βραχυγραφία (el) f (vrachygrafía), σύντμηση (el) f (sýntmisi), συντόμευση (el) f (syntómefsi)
- Ancient: ἀποκοπή (apokopḗ)
- Hebrew: רָאשֵׁי תֵבוֹת / ראשי תיבות (he) m pl (rashéi teivót)
- Hindi: संक्षिप्तीकरण ? (saṅkṣiptīkraṇ)
- Hungarian: rövidítés (hu)
- Icelandic: skammstöfun (is) f
- Ido: abreviuro (io)
- Indonesian: singkatan (id), abreviasi (id)
- Irish: giorrúchán (ga) m, nod m
- Italian: abbreviazione (it) f, abbreviatura (it) f, acronimo (it) m
- Japanese: 略語 (ja) (りゃくご, ryakugo), 略称 (ja) (りゃくしょう, ryakushō), 略 (ja) (りゃく, ryaku), 省略 (ja) (しょうりゃく, shōryaku)
- Kazakh: қысқарған сөз (qysqarğan söz), аббревиатура (abbreviatura)
- Khmer: ពាក្យកាត់ (piək kat)
- Korean: 생략(省略) (ko) (saengnyak), 약자(略字) (ko) (yakja), 약어(略語) (ko) (yageo)
- Latin: abbreviātiō f
- Latvian: abreviatūra f, saīsinājums m
- Lithuanian: santrumpa (lt) f, sutrumpinimas m
- Luxembourgish: Ofkierzung (lb) f
- Macedonian: кратенка f (kratenka), скратеница (mk) f (skratenica)
- Malay: singkatan (ms)
- Maltese: abbrevjazzjoni f
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: forkortelse (no) m, forkorting m or f, abbreviatur (no) m, abbreviasjon (no) m, abbreviering m
- Nynorsk: forkorting f, abbreviatur
- Occitan: abreviacion f
- Polish: skrót (pl) m inan, skrótowiec (pl) m
- Portuguese: abreviação (pt) f, abreviatura (pt) f
- Romagnol: abreviaziôn f
- Romanian: abreviere (ro) f, prescurtare (ro) f, abreviație (ro) f
- Russian: сокраще́ние (ru) n (sokraščénije), аббревиату́ра (ru) f (abbreviatúra), аббревиа́ция (ru) f (abbreviácija)
- Scottish Gaelic: giorrachadh (gd) m
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: скра̑ћеница f, абревија́ција f, кра̀тица f
- Roman: skrȃćenica f, abrevijácija f, kràtica (sh) f
- Slovak: skratka f
- Slovene: kratica (sl) f, okrajšava f
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: skrotconka f, krotceńka f
- Upper Sorbian: skrótšenka f
- Spanish: abreviación (es) f
- Swahili: kifupisho
- Swedish: förkortning (sv) c
- Tagalog: pagdadaglat
- Telugu: సంక్షేపం (saṅkṣēpaṁ)
- Thai: ตัวย่อ (th) (dtuua-yɔ̂ɔ), คำย่อ (kam-yɔ̂ɔ), อักษรย่อ (th) (àk-sɔ̌ɔn-yɔ̂ɔ)
- Turkish: kısaltma (tr)
- Udmurt: вакчиятон (vakćijaton)
- Ukrainian: абревіату́ра (uk) f (abreviatúra), скоро́чення (uk) n (skoróčennja)
- Urdu: مُخَفَّف (muxaffaf)
- Vietnamese: viết tắt (vi)
- Volapük: brefod (vo)
- Welsh: byrfodd (cy) m
- West Frisian: ôfkoarting c
act or result of shortening or reducing
- Afrikaans: verkorting (af), afkorting (af)
- Armenian: հապավում (hy) (hapavum), կրճատում (hy) (krčatum), համառոտում (hy) (hamaṙotum)
- Bulgarian: съкращаване (bg) n (sǎkraštavane), скъсяване (bg) n (skǎsjavane)
- Chinese:
- Czech: zkrácení n
- Danish: forkortelse (da) c
- Dutch: afkorting (nl) f, verkorting (nl) f
- Finnish: lyhentäminen (fi), lyhennös, lyhennelmä (fi), lyhennys (fi)
- German: Abkürzung (de) f, Kürzen n
- Greek: σύντμηση (el) f (sýntmisi)
- Icelandic: stytting (is) f
- Ido: abrevio (io)
- Indonesian: penyingkatan (id), abreviasi (id)
- Irish: giorrú m
- Italian: abbreviazione (it) f
- Japanese: 省略 (ja) (しょうりゃく, shōryaku), 短縮 (ja) (たんしゅく, tanshuku), 略 (ja) (りゃく, ryaku)
- Korean: 축약(縮約) (ko) (chugyak)
- Latin: abbreviātiō f
- Malay: penyingkatan
- Maltese: abbrevjazzjoni f
- Maori: poronga
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: forkortelse (no) m, forkorting m or f
- Nynorsk: forkorting f,
- Polish: skrócenie (pl) n
- Portuguese: abreviatura (pt) f, abreviação (pt) f
- Romanian: abreviere (ro) f
- Russian: сокраще́ние (ru) n (sokraščénije), уреза́ние (ru) n (urezánije)
- Scottish Gaelic: giorrachadh (gd) m
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: абревија́ција f, кра̀тица f
- Roman: abrevijácija f, kràtica (sh) f
- Spanish: abreviación (es) f
- Swedish: förkortning (sv) c, förkortande (sv) n (the act of...)
- Vietnamese: (sự) tóm tắt, sự rút ngắn
- Volapük: brefükam (vo) (action)
music: a notation used in music score to denote a direction
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: abbreviatur (no) m
music: one or more dashes through the stem of a note
Translations to be checked
- Burmese: (please verify) ချုံ့ခြင်း (hkyum.hkrang:)
- Hindi: (please verify) संक्षिप्तीकरण ? (saṅkṣiptīkraṇ)
- Indonesian: (please verify) singkatan (id)
- Interlingua: (please verify) abbreviation (ia) (3)
- Manx: (please verify) aagherrid m
- Persian: (please verify) مخفف (fa)
- Slovak: (please verify) skratka f (2, 3)
- Swahili: (please verify) kifupi class 7/8
- Welsh: (please verify) talfyriad (cy) m
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abbreviation”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 3.
- Abbreviation in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
- “abbreviation”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
- “abbreviation”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
- "abbreviation" in WordNet 2.0, Princeton University, 2003.