fortis - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Learned borrowing from Latin fortis (“strong”). Doublet of fort and forte.
fortis (not comparable)
- (phonetics, of a consonant) Strongly articulated, hence voiceless.
2004, Stephan Gramley, Michael Pätzold, A Survey of Modern English, Routledge, →ISBN, page 80:
All vowels, whether short or complex, are relatively shorter when followed by a fortis consonant and relatively longer when followed by a lenis one or, for those where this is possible, when no consonant follows (in free or unchecked syllables).
fortis (plural fortes)
- (phonetics) A fortis consonant.
From Old Latin forctis, from Proto-Italic *forktis, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise, high, hill”) (> Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰ-ti-s) or Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to bind fast, to be firm, strong”); in the latter case, an earlier Proto-Italic form of the word *θorktis can be reconstructed.
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈfor.tis/, [ˈfɔrt̪ɪs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈfor.tis/, [ˈfɔrt̪is]
fortis (neuter forte, comparative fortior, superlative fortissimus, adverb fortiter); third-declension two-termination adjective
- (physically) strong, powerful
- (figuratively) firm, resolute, steadfast, stout
- Synonyms: fīxus, tenāx, inexōrābilis, obstinātus
- (figuratively) courageous, brave
- Antonym: imbēcillus
- (figuratively) manly, mannish (answering to the Greek ἀνδρεῖος) (clarification of this definition is needed)
Third-declension two-termination adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
Nominative | fortis | forte | fortēs | fortia | |
Genitive | fortis | fortium | |||
Dative | fortī | fortibus | |||
Accusative | fortem | forte | fortēs fortīs |
fortia | |
Ablative | fortī | fortibus | |||
Vocative | fortis | forte | fortēs | fortia |
- Aragonese: fuerte
- Asturian: fuerte
- Basque: bortizki
- Catalan: fort
- Dalmatian: fuart
- Franco-Provençal: fôrt
- French: fort
- → English: fort
- Friulian: fuart
- Italian: forte
- → English: forte
- Occitan: fòrt
- Old Galician-Portuguese: forte
- Romanian: foarte
- Sardinian: folte, forte, forti
- Sicilian: forti
- Spanish: fuerte
- Borrowings:
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
fortis
- “fortis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “fortis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- fortis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- fortis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- be brave: fortem te praebe
- (ambiguous) quite accidentally, fortuitously: temere et fortuito; forte (et) temere
- (ambiguous) to be brave by nature: animo forti esse
- (ambiguous) personally brave: manu fortis
- be brave: fortem te praebe
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fortis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 236