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il
- (informal) A Roman numeral representing forty-nine (49).
From Proto-Mayan *il- Compare with Achi ilonik
il
- (transitive) to see, to watch, look at
Cyrillic | ил | |
---|---|---|
Abjad | ایل |
From Proto-Turkic *yïl (“year”).[1] Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰘𐰃𐰞 (yïl).[2]
il (definite accusative ili, plural illər)
Declension of il | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | il |
illər | ||||||
definite accusative | ili |
illəri | ||||||
dative | ilə |
illərə | ||||||
locative | ildə |
illərdə | ||||||
ablative | ildən |
illərdən | ||||||
definite genitive | ilin |
illərin |
- ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jɨl”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- ^ Abuseitova, M. Kh, Bukhatuly, B., editors (2008), “𐰖𐰃𐰞”, in TÜRIK BITIG: Ethno Cultural Dictionary, Language Committee of Ministry of Culture and Information of Republic of Kazakhstan
il
- A. Schapper, J. Huber, A. van Engelenhoven, The Historical Relation of the Papuan Languages of Timor and Kisar, Language and Linguistics in Melnesia, Special Issue : On the History, Contact and Classification of Papuan languages (2012) pp. 194-242
il c
il
- imperative of ile
From Proto-Mayan *il-.
il
- to see
il f (genitive singular iljar, plural iljar)
f8 | Singular | Plural | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | il | ilin | iljar | iljarnar |
Accusative | il | ilina | iljar | iljarnar |
Dative | il | ilini | iljum | iljunum |
Genitive | iljar | iljarinnar | ilja | iljanna |
Inherited from Late Latin illī and Latin ille.
il m (postpositive -il) (ORB, broad)
Franco-Provençal personal pronouns
singular | nominative | accusative | dative | tonic1 | possessive2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | jo | mè | min | ||
2nd person | te | tè | tin | ||
3rd person masculine | il | lo / le | lui | sin | |
3rd person feminine | el | la | lyé | ||
3rd person neuter | o | y | — | ||
3rd person reflexive | — | sè | |||
plural | nominative | accusative | dative | tonic1 | possessive2 |
1st person | nos | noutro | |||
2nd person | vos | voutro | |||
3rd person masculine | ils | los / les | lor | lor | |
3rd person feminine | els | les | lor / lyés | ||
3rd person reflexive | — | sè | |||
1 Disjunctive or object of a preposition. | 2 Generally preceded by a definite article. |
From Middle French il, from Old French il, from Late Latin illī.
- IPA(key): /il/ IPA(key): (informal) /i/
- (Quebec, informal) IPA(key): (preconsonantal) /i/, (prevocalic) /j/
- Homophones: ils, île, îles, y
- Rhymes: -il
il m (third-person singular, plural ils, accusative le, dative lui, emphatic lui, possessive determiner son)
- he (third-person singular masculine subject pronoun for human subject)
- it (third-person singular subject pronoun for grammatically masculine objects)
Je cherche mon livre. Où est-il ?
- I'm looking for my book. Where is it?
- (impersonal pronoun) Impersonal subject; it
- “il”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Friulian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | il l' |
i |
feminine | la l' |
lis |
From Latin illum, ultimately from ille.
il m sg (plural i)
il
From Old Norse il, from Proto-Germanic *iljō.
il f (genitive singular iljar, nominative plural iljar)
Declension of il | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f-s1 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | il | ilin | iljar | iljarnar |
accusative | il | ilina | iljar | iljarnar |
dative | il | ilinni | iljum | iljunum |
genitive | iljar | iljarinnar | ilja | iljanna |
il
- personal pronoun used with impersonal verbs
Il ha multe arbores illac.
- There are many trees there.
Optional.
From Old Irish il, from Proto-Celtic *ɸilus, from Proto-Indo-European *pélh₁us, from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁-.
il (genitive singular masculine il, genitive singular feminine ile, plural ile, comparative ile)
il (genitive singular masculine il, genitive singular feminine ile, plural ile, comparative ile)
- Alternative form of oll (“great; huge, vast, immense”)
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | il | il | ile | |
Vocative | il | ile | ||
Genitive | ile | ile | il | |
Dative | il | il | ile | |
Comparative | níos ile | |||
Superlative | is ile |
Irish mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
il | n-il | hil | not applicable |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “il”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “il”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
- “il”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
From earlier *ille, *elle, from Latin illum (and illud), ultimately from ille. The final vowel fell by apocope, and the /e/ (< Latin ⟨ē ĭ⟩) in monosyllable particles shifted to /i/ in Tuscan, compare in, di, ri-, mi. The form el is found in older texts and can still be heard regionally.
Patota claims this to be from the older form lo (from the same source), via an intermediate form l. The initial i would be a svarabhakti vowel added to the form l in order to make the pronunciation easier.[1]
Italian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | il lo/l' |
i gli |
feminine | la/l' | le |
il m sg (plural i)
From Old French il.
il m
- French: il
il f or m (definite singular ila or ilen, indefinite plural iler, definite plural ilene)
From Old Norse il f, from Proto-Germanic *iljō f, *ili n.
il f (definite singular ila, indefinite plural iler, definite plural ilene)
Historical inflection of il
indefinite singular | definite singular | indefinite plural | definite plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aasen1 | Il | Ili | Iljar | Iljarna | |
1901 | iljarne (iljane) | ||||
1917 | ila, ili | iljane | |||
1938 | ila [ili] | ||||
1959 | iljar [iler] | iljane [ilene] | |||
2012 (current) | il | ila | iler | ilene |
Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in [brackets] were official, but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. 1Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century. Like il, see also fet and hes.
- “il” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
īl m
- Alternative form of iġil
Inherited from Late Latin illī.
il m sg (feminine ele)
- he (third-person masculine singular subject pronoun)
- ils (late, analogical)
il m pl (feminine eles)
- they (third-person masculine plural subject pronoun)
c. 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:
S'il vos poent ataindre, ja vos areient tué.
- If they could range you, they would have already killed you.
From Proto-Celtic *ɸelus, from Proto-Indo-European *pélh₁us, from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁-. Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 (filu, “much”), Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “much”), Sanskrit पुरु (puru, “much”).
il (equative lir, comparative lia)
- much, many (usually as the first member of a compound, usually governs a plural noun)
- cosin taidbse il ― with much ostentation
- Is amlid do·rigéni Dia corp duini ó il-ballaib. ― Thus God has made man's body of many members.
- Is ferr precept oldaas labrad il-béelre. ― Preaching is better than speaking many languages.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4d15
In Belzefuth: is béss didu ind lïacc benir il-béim friss, et intí do·thuit foir ɔ·boing a chnámi, intí fora tuit-som immurgu at·bail-side.
- The Beelzebub: it is the custom, then, of the stone that many blows are hit on it, and he who falls upon it breaks his bones; however, he whom it falls on perishes
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26b7
De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”
- Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.
As a preposed adjective, usually uninflected, but the following forms are found occasionally:
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
il (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) |
unchanged | n-il |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 il”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
From Proto-Germanic *iljō, *ili (“sole”).
il f (genitive iljar, plural iljar)
“il”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
From Proto-Cushitic *ʔil-. Cognates include Oromo ija, Sidamo ille and Jiiddu el.[1]
il
- “il” In: Abdullah Umar Mansur (1985) Qaamuska Afsoomaliga.
Inherited from Old Swedish īl (“squall; sudden storm”), ultimate origin disputed. Cognate of Icelandic él (“hailstorm”).
il c
Declension of il | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | il | ilen | ilar | ilarna |
Genitive | ils | ilens | ilars | ilarnas |
Deverbal from ila (“to hurry”).
il c
Declension of il | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | il | ilen | ilar | ilarna |
Genitive | ils | ilens | ilars | ilarnas |
- il in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- il in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- il in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- il in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
From Ottoman Turkish ایل (il), from Proto-Turkic *ēl (“realm”). Doublet of el.
il (definite accusative ili, plural iller)
Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | il | |
Definite accusative | ili | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | il | iller |
Definite accusative | ili | illeri |
Dative | ile | illere |
Locative | ilde | illerde |
Ablative | ilden | illerden |
Genitive | ilin | illerin |
il
- (transitive) to see
- Laughlin, Robert M. [et al.] (1988) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of Santo Domingo Zinacantán, vol. I. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
il (transitive)
conjugation of il
singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
imperfective | kin wilik | ka wilik | ku yilik | k ilik | ka wilikeʼex | ku yilikoʼob |
perfective | tin wilaj | ta wilaj | tu yilaj | t k ilaj | ta wilajeʼex | tu yilajoʼob |
subjunctive | ka in wilej | ka a wilej | ka u yilej | ka k ilej | ka a wileʼex | ka u yiloʼob |
imperative | - | ilej | - | - | ileʼex | - |