perestroika - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”).
perestroika (countable and uncountable, plural perestroikas)
- (historical, uncountable) A program of political and economic reform carried out in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and early 1990s under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev.
2004, Chris Wallace, Character: Profiles in Presidential Courage:
Gorbachev would introduce glasnost (openness and freedom) and perestroika (economic restructuring) to Russia under his tenure, ultimately freeing thousands of political prisoners and dissidents and trying to address the shortages in food and goods that had become the hallmarks of the failing Soviet economy.
- (historical, uncountable) The period of time in the Soviet Union during which these reforms were carried out and in effect.
- (countable, singularity theory) A situation where a small variation of parameters leads to a sudden change in properties.
reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s
- Arabic: بِيرِيسْتْرُويْكَا f (bīrīstrūykā)
- Armenian: պերեստրոյկա (perestroyka)
- Belarusian: перабудо́ва f (pjerabudóva)
- Bulgarian: перестро́йка f (perestrójka)
- Chinese:
- Czech: přestavba f, perestrojka (cs) f
- Danish: perestrojka
- Dutch: perestrojka (nl)
- Erzya: одстеема (odsťejema)
- Esperanto: perestrojko
- Estonian: perestroika (et)
- Finnish: perestroika (fi) (of the Soviet Union), uudelleenrakentaminen (more general term)
- French: perestroïka (fr) f
- Georgian: პერესტროიკა (ṗeresṭroiḳa), გარდაქმნა (gardakmna)
- German: Perestroika (de) f, Umbau (de) m, Umgestaltung (de) f
- Greek: περεστρόικα (el) (perestróika)
- Hebrew: פֶּרֶסְטְרוֹיְקָה f (perestroika)
- Hindi: पेरेस्ट्रोइका (peresṭroikā)
- Hungarian: peresztrojka (hu)
- Ido: perestroika
- Indonesian: perestroika (id)
- Italian: perestroika (it) f
- Japanese: ペレストロイカ (ja) (peresutoroika)
- Kazakh: қайта құру (qaita qūru)
- Korean: 페레스트로이카 (pereseuteuroika)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: perestroyka (ku) f
- Latvian: perestroika f
- Lithuanian: perestroika f
- Luxembourgish: Perestroika
- Macedonian: (please verify) перестро́јка f (perestrójka)
- Malay: perestroika
- Marathi: पेरेस्ट्रॉइका (peresṭrŏikā)
- Mongolian: перестройка (perestrojka)
- Norwegian: perestrojka
- Persian: پرسترویکا (perestroykâ)
- Polish: pieriestrojka (pl) f, pierestrojka (pl) f
- Portuguese: perestroika (pt) f
- Romanian: perestroika f
- Russian: перестро́йка (ru) f (perestrójka)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: перестро̑јка f, престројка f
- Roman: perestrȏjka (sh) f, prestrojka f
- Slovak: prestavba f, perestrojka f
- Slovene: perestrojka f
- Spanish: perestroika (es) f
- Swedish: perestrojka
- Tagalog: perestrojka
- Thai: การปรับเปลี่ยนโครงสร้าง (gaan bpràp bplìan kroong sâang)
- Turkish: perestroyka
- Ukrainian: перебудо́ва f (perebudóva)
- Vietnamese: perestroika (vi)
- Yiddish: פּערעסטרויקע f (perestroyke)
Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka).
perestroika
Inflection of perestroika (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | perestroika | perestroikat | |
genitive | perestroikan | perestroikien | |
partitive | perestroikaa | perestroikia | |
illative | perestroikaan | perestroikiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | perestroika | perestroikat | |
accusative | nom. | perestroika | perestroikat |
gen. | perestroikan | ||
genitive | perestroikan | perestroikien perestroikain rare | |
partitive | perestroikaa | perestroikia | |
inessive | perestroikassa | perestroikissa | |
elative | perestroikasta | perestroikista | |
illative | perestroikaan | perestroikiin | |
adessive | perestroikalla | perestroikilla | |
ablative | perestroikalta | perestroikilta | |
allative | perestroikalle | perestroikille | |
essive | perestroikana | perestroikina | |
translative | perestroikaksi | perestroikiksi | |
abessive | perestroikatta | perestroikitta | |
instructive | — | perestroikin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
- “perestroika”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
perestroika f (plural perestroikas)
- perestroika (reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s)
Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”).
perestroika f (uncountable)
- “perestroika”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014