ruga - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Article Images
Borrowed from Latin rūga (“a crease in the face, wrinkle”).
ruga (plural rugae)
- (anatomy, zootomy, botany, usually in the plural) A fold, crease or wrinkle.
1980, Joseph Kenneth Jonathan, The Isotima-complex (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), page 83:
Female: Face subpolished, weakly rugose, rugae somewhat diverging, at sides sparsely and shallowly punctate; […]
1997, Thomas Pynchon, Mason & Dixon:
the deadly water-snakes coil’d together like the Rugæ of a single great Brain, the gray and even illumination from the Sky
- rugate (adjective)
- “ruga”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- “ruga”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
rúga m (plural rugaagí f)
Declension of rúga | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
absolutive | rúga | |||||||||||||||||
predicative | rúga | |||||||||||||||||
subjective | rugí | |||||||||||||||||
genitive | rugí | |||||||||||||||||
|
- (diminutive) rugáytu
rugá f (plural rugaagí f)
Declension of rugá | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
absolutive | rugá | |||||||||||||||||
predicative | rugá | |||||||||||||||||
subjective | rugá | |||||||||||||||||
genitive | rugá | |||||||||||||||||
|
- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 183
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
ruga f (plural rugues)
- Alternative form of arruga (“wrinkle”)
From Latin ruga, from Proto-Indo-European *krewp- (“to become encrusted”), extension of *krew- (“scab”).
ruga f (plural rughe)
ruga (infinitive kũruga)
- to cook
(Nouns)
- mũrugi class 1
(Verbs)
(Proverbs)
- Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 363. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).
From Proto-Italic *rougā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁roug-h₂- (“wrinkle”), related to *h₁rewg- (“to roar, belch”), where the sense development would be "to belch" → "to undulate"[1] → "to be rugged" → "crease, wrinkle".[2] Compare ructo (“I belch, bring up noisily”).
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈruː.ɡa/, [ˈruːɡä]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈru.ɡa/, [ˈruːɡä]
rūga f (genitive rūgae); first declension
- (usually in the plural) a crease in the face, wrinkle
- (transferred sense) a crease, fold, plait, wrinkle, corrugation of any kind
- (Early Medieval Latin) a street[3]
This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them! |
First-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | rūga | rūgae |
Genitive | rūgae | rūgārum |
Dative | rūgae | rūgīs |
Accusative | rūgam | rūgās |
Ablative | rūgā | rūgīs |
Vocative | rūga | rūgae |
rūga
- “ruga”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ruga”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ruga in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “ruga”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2000 November) “Reconsidering Dutch rups, German Raupe 'caterpillar'”, in Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik, volume 54, number 1, Brill Publishers, page 160:
The connection between 'to belch' and 'caterpillar' may be the way in which a caterpillar moves forward, viz. by slowly pushing itself foward (sic), first with its hind legs, thus raising the central part of its body to a curve, which is lowered again when the front legs move forward. This movement may easily call into mind the lowering and raising of the Adam's apple when people belch, or retching movements of the throat when vomiting.
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ruga”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 528-29
- ^ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1984) “arruga”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volumes I (A–Ca), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 360
ruga f
- (colloquial) scolding, slating (criticism)
- Synonym: reprymenda
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
ruga
- ruga in Polish dictionaries at PWN
From Latin ruga. Doublet of rua (“street”).
- Hyphenation: ru‧ga
ruga f (plural rugas)
ruga
- inflection of rugar:
Inherited from Latin rogāre, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃roǵ-, ablaut of *h₃reǵ-.
a ruga (third-person singular present roagă, past participle rugat) 1st conj.
- (transitive) to politely ask
Rugăm pasagerii să își pună centurile de siguranță.
- We ask the passengers to fasten their seatbelts.
- (reflexive) to pray [with la ‘deity’]
- (reflexive) to insistently or repeatedly ask [with de ‘person’]
Ruga in the meaning of “ask (for)” expresses the request by a secondary clause and never through a prepositional object.
- ruga in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
ruga f (plural rugas)
ruga f (plural rugas)
- mamaruga f, maniposa f, babbaliscu m, cabagasu m, mariavolavola m
ruga
- inflection of rugar:
From Proto-Finnic *ruka
ruga
Inflection of ruga (inflection type 6/kuva) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | ruga | ||
genitive sing. | rugan | ||
partitive sing. | rugad | ||
partitive plur. | rugid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ruga | rugad | |
accusative | rugan | rugad | |
genitive | rugan | rugiden | |
partitive | rugad | rugid | |
essive-instructive | rugan | rugin | |
translative | rugaks | rugikš | |
inessive | rugas | rugiš | |
elative | rugaspäi | rugišpäi | |
illative | rugaha | rugihe | |
adessive | rugal | rugil | |
ablative | rugalpäi | rugilpäi | |
allative | rugale | rugile | |
abessive | rugata | rugita | |
comitative | ruganke | rugidenke | |
prolative | rugadme | rugidme | |
approximative I | ruganno | rugidenno | |
approximative II | rugannoks | rugidennoks | |
egressive | rugannopäi | rugidennopäi | |
terminative I | rugahasai | rugihesai | |
terminative II | rugalesai | rugilesai | |
terminative III | rugassai | — | |
additive I | rugahapäi | rugihepäi | |
additive II | rugalepäi | rugilepäi |