Hamas: Difference between revisions - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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{{confused|Nazi Party}}

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{{for|their military wing, often also referred to as just "Hamas" in Israeli sources|Ezzedeen Al-Qassam Brigades}}

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{{distinguish|Hamaas}}

{{Infobox political party

| country = Palestine

| name = Haraka Hamas

| name_native =

| native_name = حماسحَرَكَةُ حَمَاسَ

| colorcodelogo = {{party<!-- Flag of color|Hamas}}.svg -->

| colorcode = {{party color|Hamas}}

| party_logo =

| party_logo =
| leader1_title = Chief of the Political Bureau

| leader1_name =

| leader2_title =

| leader2_name =

| leader3_title = [[Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority|Prime Minister]]

| leader3_name = [[Ismail Haniyeh]]<ref name="Conflict">{{cite news|title=Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya (Hamas)|publisher=Transnational and non state armed groups. Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research Harvard University|year=2008|accessdate=February 7, 2009|url=http://www.armed-groups.org/6/section.aspx/ViewGroup?id=57|archive-date=May 10, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510084345/http://www.armed-groups.org/6/section.aspx/ViewGroup?id=57|url-status=dead}}</ref>

| leader4_title = Foreign Minister

| leader4_name = [[Mahmoud Zahar]]<ref name="Conflict"/>

| foundation = {{Start date|1987}}

| founder = [[Sheikh Ahmed Yassin]], [[Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi]] & [[Mahmoud Zahar]]

| ideology = [[Conservatism]]<br>[[National Conservatism]]<br>[[Nationalism]]<br>[[Anti-Zionism]]<br>[[Anti-fascism]]<br>[[Anti-aparteid]]<br>[[Anti-imperialism]]

| religion =

| predecessor =

| student_wing = Islamic Bloc<ref>{{Cite news|date=29 May 2023|title=Hamas students wing heads students’ council at Al Najah University in West Bank|work=Middle East Monitor|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230529-hamas-students-wing-heads-students-council-at-al-najah-university-in-west-bank/|access-date=19 November 2023}}</ref>

| headquarters = [[Gaza City]], [[Gaza Governorate]]

| international = [[Axis of Resistance]]

| website =

| flag = Flag of Hamas.svg

}}

{{Infobox war faction

| name =

|name=|active=|leaders=[[Yahya Sinwar]]▼

| active =

|headquarters=▼

▲|name=|active=| leaders = [[Yahya Sinwar]]

|partof={{flag|Muslim Brotherhood}}<ref>{{Citation|last=Frisch|first=Hillel|title=Hamas: The Palestinian Muslim Brotherhood|date=2010|url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230106871_7|work=The Muslim Brotherhood: The Organization and Policies of a Global Islamist Movement|pages=89–102|editor-last=Rubin|editor-first=Barry|series=The Middle East in Focus|place=New York|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US|language=en|doi=10.1057/9780230106871_7|isbn=978-0-230-10687-1|access-date=2024-01-08}}</ref>▼

▲| headquarters =

| allies = '''State allies:'''▼

▲| partof = {{flag|Muslim Brotherhood}}<ref>{{Citation|last=Frisch|first=Hillel|title=Hamas: The Palestinian Muslim Brotherhood|date=2010|url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230106871_7|work=The Muslim Brotherhood: The Organization and Policies of a Global Islamist Movement|pages=89–102|editor-last=Rubin|editor-first=Barry|series=The Middle East in Focus|place=New York|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US|language=en|doi=10.1057/9780230106871_7|isbn=978-0-230-10687-1|access-date=2024-01-08}}</ref>

▲| allies = '''State allies:'''

* {{flag|Algeria}}<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20231014-qatar-iran-turkey-and-beyond-the-galaxy-of-hamas-supporters|title=Qatar, Iran, Turkey and beyond: Hamas's network of allies|date=October 14, 2023|website=France 24}}</ref>

* {{flag|Egypt}} (2011–2013)<ref>{{cite web |last=Kingsley |first=Patrick |title=Egyptian army questions Mohamed Morsi over alleged Hamas terror links |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/26/egyptian-army-question-morsi-hamas-links |website=The Guardian |date=July 26, 2013 |access-date=October 18, 2023}}</ref>

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* {{flagicon image|Houthis Logo.png}} [[Houthi Movement|Houthis]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2021/01/yemen-houthis-release-saudi-palestinian-hamas-prisoners.html|title=Houthis, Hamas merge diplomacy around prisoner releases – Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East|publisher=Al-Monitor|date=5 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jns.org/hamas-awards-shield-of-honor-to-houthi-representative-in-yemen-sparking-outrage-in-saudi-arabia/ |title=Hamas awards 'Shield of Honor' to Houthi representative in Yemen, sparking outrage in Saudi Arabia |website=JNS.org |date=16 June 2021}}</ref>

* {{flagicon|SADR}} [[Polisario Front]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 10, 2023 |title=Polisario reaffirms its determination to continue struggle until right to self-determination is restored |url=https://new.spsrasd.info/en/depeche/polisario-reaffirms-its-determination-continue-struggle-until-right-self-determination |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014082659/https://new.spsrasd.info/en/depeche/polisario-reaffirms-its-determination-continue-struggle-until-right-self-determination |archive-date=October 14, 2023 |access-date=October 10, 2023 |website=Sahara Press Service |language=en |quote=Evoking the serious developments in Palestine, the Permanent Bureau of the Polisario Front reaffirmed the solidarity of the Sahrawi people with the Palestinian people.}}</ref>

* {{flagicon imageflag|Flag of thePalestinian Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine.svg}} [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad|Islamic Jihad]]<ref name="toi9oct">{{cite web |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |title=Officer, 2 soldiers killed in clash with terrorists on Lebanon border; mortars fired|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/mortars-fired-from-lebanon-infiltrators-killed-as-6-israelis-hurt-in-gunfight/ |access-date=9 October 2023 |website=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |archive-date=9 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009170223/https://www.timesofisrael.com/mortars-fired-from-lebanon-infiltrators-killed-as-6-israelis-hurt-in-gunfight/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{flagicon|Palestine}} [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine|PFLP]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.alahednews.com.lb/fastnewsdetails.php?fstid=217239 |title=الجبهة الشعبية: قرار الإدارة الأمريكية بتوفير الدعم للكيان هدفه تطويق النتائج الاستراتيجية لمعركة طوفان الأقصى |language=ar |trans-title= |website=alahednews.com.lb |access-date=8 October 2023 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009000624/https://www.alahednews.com.lb/fastnewsdetails.php?fstid=217239 |url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine.svg}} [[Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine|DFLP]]<ref>{{cnCite web|datetitle=NovemberPalestinian 2023Factions: Hamas and PIJ {{!}} Wilson Center|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/palestinians-hamas-and-pij|access-date=2024-06-25|website=www.wilsoncenter.org|language=en}}</ref>

* [[Lions' Den (militant group)|Lions' Den]]<ref name="roya">{{cite news |title=Qassam Brigades announces control of 'Erez Crossing' |url=https://en.royanews.tv/news/44975/2023-10-07|work=Roya News |date=7 October 2023 |access-date=7 October 2023 |archive-date=7 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007102147/https://en.royanews.tv/news/44975/2023-10-07 |url-status=live}}</ref>

*{{flag|Popular Mobilization Forces}}<ref>{{cite web |title=IRAN UPDATE, OCTOBER 14, 2023 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-october-14-2023 |access-date=16 October 2023 |website=ISW}}</ref>

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* {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Al-Nasser_Salah_al-Deen_Brigades.svg}} [[Popular Resistance Committees]] (PRC)<ref>{{cite web |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |title=IDF says it killed head of military wing of Gaza's Popular Resistance Committees |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |date=19 October 2023 |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-says-it-killed-head-of-military-wing-of-gazas-popular-resistance-committees/ |access-date=19 October 2023}}</ref>

* [[File:Flag of Jihad.svg|30px]] [[Al-Farouq Brigades in Sinai]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Jihadi Group Al-Farouq Brigades Threatens To Launch Attacks Against Israel From Sinai, Warns Egyptian Army Not To Stand In Their Way: It Is The Duty Of Every Muslim To Take Up Arms And Wage Jihad Against Israel, Avenge The Blood Of The Martyrs In Gaza|url=https://www.memri.org/tv/al-farouq-brigades-sinai-duty-muslim-jihad-israel-palestine|access-date=2024-02-13|website=MEMRI|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=hhanes|date=2024-01-18|title=Armed group in the Sinai declares it will fight Israel|url=https://www.fdd.org/analysis/op_eds/2024/01/18/armed-group-in-the-sinai-declares-it-will-fight-israel/|access-date=2024-02-13|website=FDD|language=en}}</ref>

| opponents = '''State opponents:'''

* {{flag|Bahrain}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-09 |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs stresses importance of providing full protection to citizens, ending battle between Hamas, Israeli Forces |url=http://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=7824&language=en-US&ItemId=22667 |access-date=2023-10-09 |website= |publisher=Bahrain Ministry of Foreign Affairs |archive-date=October 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010232441/https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=7824&language=en-US&ItemId=22667 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-09 |title=Bahrain denounces Hamas kidnappings |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/bahrain-denounces-hamas-kidnappings/ |access-date=2023-10-09 |website=www.timesofisrael.com |archive-date=October 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010232440/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/bahrain-denounces-hamas-kidnappings/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

* {{flag|Egypt}}<ref name="allies"/>

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* {{flag|United States}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.vox.com/world-politics/23916266/us-israel-support-ally-gaza-war-aid | title=How the US became Israel's closest ally | date=October 13, 2023 }}</ref>

'''Non-state opponents:'''

* {{flagicon imageflag|Fatah}} [[Fatah]] ([[Fatah–Hamas reconciliation process|reconciliation ongoing]])

* {{flag|ISIS}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/01/15/578172703/what-effect-isis-declaration-of-war-against-hamas-could-have-in-the-middle-east|title=What Effect ISIS' Declaration Of War Against Hamas Could Have In The Middle East|publisher=NPR}}</ref><ref name="Hamas arrests Salafi…">{{cite web |last1=AFP |title=Hamas arrests Salafi sheikh over alleged Islamic State ties - Radical cleric Adnan Khader Mayat detained on Sunday by Gaza security forces |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/hamas-arrests-salafi-sheikh-over-alleged-islamic-state-ties/ |website=Times of Israel |access-date=9 November 2023}}</ref>

* [[File:Flag of Jihad.svg|30px]] [[Alal-Qaeda]] {{efn| However, Alal-Qaeda endorsed the 7 October 2023 attacks. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Burke|first=Jason|date=2023-10-22|title=Al-Qaida and IS call on followers to strike Israeli, US and Jewish targets|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/22/al-qaida-and-is-call-on-followers-to-strike-israeli-us-and-jewish-targets|access-date=2024-01-23|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> }}

}}

'''Hamas''' ({{Lang-ar|حَمَاسُ|translit=Ḥamās}}), an [[acronym]] of its official name, '''Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya''' ({{lang-ar|حَرَكَةُ حركةالْمُقَاوَمَةِ المقاومة الاسلاميةالِاسْلَامِيَّةِ}}, <small>[[Literal translation|lit.]] </small>"Islamic Resistance Movement"), is a political[[Palestinian party with apeople|Palestinian]] [[Military|militarySunni wingIslam]]ist political movement in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]].

Hamas was started in [[1987]] by [[Ahmed Yassin]] and [[Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi]] after the beginning of the [[First Intifada|First Uprising]] against Israeli violence and occupation. It started as the [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] branch of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] organization in [[Egypt]]. In the [[2006 Palestinian legislative election|2006 legislative election]], the party received 74 out of 132 seats in parliament by campaigning on clean government without corruption, combined with affirmation of Palestinians’ right to defend against the violent Israeli occupation and administrates [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]]. The party has supported the reestablishment of the Land of Palestine in all historic land, which includes the [[West Bank]], [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]], and the State of Israel. Hamas (along with 38 other countries) does not recognize the State of Israel.<ref name="cfr" /> The 2017 Hamas Charter stated that the party's struggle was with Zionists and [[Israeli terrorists]]. In 2018, the [[United Nations]] voted to reject an American claim to condemn Hamas. Hamas official Sami Abu Zuhri told the Reuters news agency, "Rejecting the American drafted resolution against the resistance represents a blow to the American administration and reaffirms the legitimacy of the resistance."

== Name ==

''Hamas'' is an [[acronym]] of the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] phrase {{lang-ar|حركةحَرَكَةُ المقاومةالْمُقَاوَمَةِ الاسلاميةالِاسْلَامِيَّةِ}}, or '''Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya''' or "Islamic Resistance Movement". The Hebrew meaning of the name Hamas (חמס; as used in the Hebrew Bible) is "violence".

== Violence ==

Hamas is known for its military wing, the [[Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades]], which plans and carries out attacks on Israel. Because of its policyhistory of [[suicide bombing]]s and rocket attacks on civilians in Israel,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/misc/tags/TAG-hamas-1.5598922|title=Hamas|publisher=Haaretz.com|quote="...in 1993 Hamas launched its first suicide attack inside Israel, a practice that it would uphold from then on, causing massive Israeli civilian casualties."|access-date=December 22, 2019}}</ref> the [[United States]], [[European Union]] and other countries call it a [[terrorism|terrorist]] organisation. The country of [[Jordan]] has banned the group.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hirst|first=David|date=22 November 1999|title=Jordan curbs Hamas|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/22/israel|access-date=8 November 2023|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

Many non-state groups support the use of “terrorist organization” to describe Hamas; [[Zionist]] organizations and other pro-Israel groups in particular support this. These groups also exert pressure on the [[journalism|international press]] to use this language.<ref>{{Cite web|last=AFP and ToI Staff|title=Hundreds protest at BBC headquarters over refusal to refer to Hamas as terror group|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/hundreds-protest-at-bbc-headquarters-over-refusal-to-refer-to-hamas-as-terror-group/|access-date=2023-10-17|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}</ref> However, many of the international press, including the [[English language|English-language]] edition of the Israeli daily newspaper ''[[Haaretz]]'' and until 20th October 2023, the [[BBC]], refer to Hamas members by the more neutral term "militants” instead. <ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC drops ‘militant’ as default description for Hamas|url=https://www.ft.com/content/20b5466e-d690-4e00-828e-5f364e22f1c5|access-date=2023-10-20|website=www.ft.com|language=en-GB}}</ref>

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{{reflist}}

{{Hamas}}

{{Israel–Hamas war}}

{{Military of the Arab world}}

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[[Category:Hamas| ]]

[[Category:Islamic political parties]]

[[Category:Arab–Israeli conflict]]

[[Category:Gaza–Israel conflict]]