Hamas: Difference between revisions - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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{{for|their military wing, often also referred to as just "Hamas" in Israeli sources|Ezzedeen Al-Qassam Brigades}}

{{distinguish|Hamaas}}

{{Infobox political party

| country = Palestine

| name = Haraka Hamas

| name_native =

| native_name = حماسحَرَكَةُ حَمَاسَ

| colorcodelogo = {{party<!-- Flag of color|Hamas}}.svg -->

| colorcode = {{party color|Hamas}}

| party_logo =

| party_logo =
| leader1_title = Chief of the Political Bureau

| leader1_name =

| leader2_title =

| leader2_name =

| leader3_title = [[Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority|Prime Minister]]

| leader3_name = [[Ismail Haniyeh]]<ref name="Conflict">{{cite news|title=Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya (Hamas)|publisher=Transnational and non state armed groups. Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research Harvard University|year=2008|accessdate=February 7, 2009|url=http://www.armed-groups.org/6/section.aspx/ViewGroup?id=57|archive-date=May 10, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510084345/http://www.armed-groups.org/6/section.aspx/ViewGroup?id=57|url-status=dead}}</ref>

| leader4_title = Foreign Minister

| leader4_name = [[Mahmoud Zahar]]<ref name="Conflict"/>

| foundation = {{Start date|1987}}

| founder = [[Sheikh Ahmed Yassin]], [[Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi]] & [[Mahmoud Zahar]]

| ideology = [[Conservatism]]<br>[[National Conservatism]]<br>[[Nationalism]]<br>[[Anti-Zionism]]<br>[[Anti-fascism]]<br>[[Anti-aparteid]]<br>[[Anti-imperialism]]

| religion =

| predecessor =

| student_wing = Islamic Bloc<ref>{{Cite news|date=29 May 2023|title=Hamas students wing heads students’ council at Al Najah University in West Bank|work=Middle East Monitor|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230529-hamas-students-wing-heads-students-council-at-al-najah-university-in-west-bank/|access-date=19 November 2023}}</ref>

| headquarters = [[Gaza City]], [[Gaza Governorate]]

| international = [[Axis of Resistance]]

| website =

| flag = Flag of Hamas.svg

}}

{{Infobox war faction

| name =

|name=|active=|leaders=[[Yahya Sinwar]]▼

| active =

|headquarters=▼

▲|name=|active=| leaders = [[Yahya Sinwar]]

|partof={{flag|Muslim Brotherhood}}<ref>{{Citation|last=Frisch|first=Hillel|title=Hamas: The Palestinian Muslim Brotherhood|date=2010|url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230106871_7|work=The Muslim Brotherhood: The Organization and Policies of a Global Islamist Movement|pages=89–102|editor-last=Rubin|editor-first=Barry|series=The Middle East in Focus|place=New York|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US|language=en|doi=10.1057/9780230106871_7|isbn=978-0-230-10687-1|access-date=2024-01-08}}</ref>▼

▲| headquarters =

| allies = '''State allies:'''▼

▲| partof = {{flag|Muslim Brotherhood}}<ref>{{Citation|last=Frisch|first=Hillel|title=Hamas: The Palestinian Muslim Brotherhood|date=2010|url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230106871_7|work=The Muslim Brotherhood: The Organization and Policies of a Global Islamist Movement|pages=89–102|editor-last=Rubin|editor-first=Barry|series=The Middle East in Focus|place=New York|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US|language=en|doi=10.1057/9780230106871_7|isbn=978-0-230-10687-1|access-date=2024-01-08}}</ref>

▲| allies = '''State allies:'''

* {{flag|Algeria}}<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20231014-qatar-iran-turkey-and-beyond-the-galaxy-of-hamas-supporters|title=Qatar, Iran, Turkey and beyond: Hamas's network of allies|date=October 14, 2023|website=France 24}}</ref>

* {{flag|Egypt}} (2011–2013)<ref>{{cite web |last=Kingsley |first=Patrick |title=Egyptian army questions Mohamed Morsi over alleged Hamas terror links |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/26/egyptian-army-question-morsi-hamas-links |website=The Guardian |date=July 26, 2013 |access-date=October 18, 2023}}</ref>

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* {{flag|Palestinian Islamic Jihad}}<ref name="toi9oct">{{cite web |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |title=Officer, 2 soldiers killed in clash with terrorists on Lebanon border; mortars fired|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/mortars-fired-from-lebanon-infiltrators-killed-as-6-israelis-hurt-in-gunfight/ |access-date=9 October 2023 |website=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |archive-date=9 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009170223/https://www.timesofisrael.com/mortars-fired-from-lebanon-infiltrators-killed-as-6-israelis-hurt-in-gunfight/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{flagicon|Palestine}} [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine|PFLP]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.alahednews.com.lb/fastnewsdetails.php?fstid=217239 |title=الجبهة الشعبية: قرار الإدارة الأمريكية بتوفير الدعم للكيان هدفه تطويق النتائج الاستراتيجية لمعركة طوفان الأقصى |language=ar |trans-title= |website=alahednews.com.lb |access-date=8 October 2023 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009000624/https://www.alahednews.com.lb/fastnewsdetails.php?fstid=217239 |url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine.svg}} [[Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine|DFLP]]<ref>{{cnCite web|datetitle=NovemberPalestinian 2023Factions: Hamas and PIJ {{!}} Wilson Center|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/palestinians-hamas-and-pij|access-date=2024-06-25|website=www.wilsoncenter.org|language=en}}</ref>

* [[Lions' Den (militant group)|Lions' Den]]<ref name="roya">{{cite news |title=Qassam Brigades announces control of 'Erez Crossing' |url=https://en.royanews.tv/news/44975/2023-10-07|work=Roya News |date=7 October 2023 |access-date=7 October 2023 |archive-date=7 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007102147/https://en.royanews.tv/news/44975/2023-10-07 |url-status=live}}</ref>

*{{flag|Popular Mobilization Forces}}<ref>{{cite web |title=IRAN UPDATE, OCTOBER 14, 2023 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-october-14-2023 |access-date=16 October 2023 |website=ISW}}</ref>

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* {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Al-Nasser_Salah_al-Deen_Brigades.svg}} [[Popular Resistance Committees]] (PRC)<ref>{{cite web |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |title=IDF says it killed head of military wing of Gaza's Popular Resistance Committees |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |date=19 October 2023 |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-says-it-killed-head-of-military-wing-of-gazas-popular-resistance-committees/ |access-date=19 October 2023}}</ref>

* [[File:Flag of Jihad.svg|30px]] [[Al-Farouq Brigades in Sinai]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Jihadi Group Al-Farouq Brigades Threatens To Launch Attacks Against Israel From Sinai, Warns Egyptian Army Not To Stand In Their Way: It Is The Duty Of Every Muslim To Take Up Arms And Wage Jihad Against Israel, Avenge The Blood Of The Martyrs In Gaza|url=https://www.memri.org/tv/al-farouq-brigades-sinai-duty-muslim-jihad-israel-palestine|access-date=2024-02-13|website=MEMRI|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=hhanes|date=2024-01-18|title=Armed group in the Sinai declares it will fight Israel|url=https://www.fdd.org/analysis/op_eds/2024/01/18/armed-group-in-the-sinai-declares-it-will-fight-israel/|access-date=2024-02-13|website=FDD|language=en}}</ref>

| opponents = '''State opponents:'''

* {{flag|Bahrain}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-09 |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs stresses importance of providing full protection to citizens, ending battle between Hamas, Israeli Forces |url=http://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=7824&language=en-US&ItemId=22667 |access-date=2023-10-09 |website= |publisher=Bahrain Ministry of Foreign Affairs |archive-date=October 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010232441/https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=7824&language=en-US&ItemId=22667 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-09 |title=Bahrain denounces Hamas kidnappings |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/bahrain-denounces-hamas-kidnappings/ |access-date=2023-10-09 |website=www.timesofisrael.com |archive-date=October 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010232440/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/bahrain-denounces-hamas-kidnappings/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

* {{flag|Egypt}}<ref name="allies"/>

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* {{flag|United States}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.vox.com/world-politics/23916266/us-israel-support-ally-gaza-war-aid | title=How the US became Israel's closest ally | date=October 13, 2023 }}</ref>

'''Non-state opponents:'''

* {{flagicon imageflag|Fatah}} [[Fatah]] ([[Fatah–Hamas reconciliation process|reconciliation ongoing]])

* {{flag|ISIS}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/01/15/578172703/what-effect-isis-declaration-of-war-against-hamas-could-have-in-the-middle-east|title=What Effect ISIS' Declaration Of War Against Hamas Could Have In The Middle East|publisher=NPR}}</ref><ref name="Hamas arrests Salafi…">{{cite web |last1=AFP |title=Hamas arrests Salafi sheikh over alleged Islamic State ties - Radical cleric Adnan Khader Mayat detained on Sunday by Gaza security forces |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/hamas-arrests-salafi-sheikh-over-alleged-islamic-state-ties/ |website=Times of Israel |access-date=9 November 2023}}</ref>

* [[File:Flag of Jihad.svg|30px]] [[Alal-Qaeda]] {{efn| However, Alal-Qaeda endorsed the 7 October 2023 attacks. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Burke|first=Jason|date=2023-10-22|title=Al-Qaida and IS call on followers to strike Israeli, US and Jewish targets|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/22/al-qaida-and-is-call-on-followers-to-strike-israeli-us-and-jewish-targets|access-date=2024-01-23|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> }}

}}

'''Hamas''' ({{Lang-ar|حَمَاسُ|translit=Ḥamās}}), an [[acronym]] of its official name, '''Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya''' ({{lang-ar|حَرَكَةُ حركةالْمُقَاوَمَةِ المقاومة الاسلاميةالِاسْلَامِيَّةِ}}, <small>[[Literal translation|lit.]] </small>"Islamic Resistance Movement"), is a political[[Palestinian party and terrorist organisation with apeople|Palestinian]] [[Military|militarySunni wingIslam]]ist political movement in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]].

Hamas was started in [[1987]] by [[Ahmed Yassin]] and [[Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi]] after the beginning of the [[First Intifada|First Uprising]] against IsraelIsraeli violence and occupation. It started as the [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] branch of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] organization in [[Egypt]]. In the [[2006 Palestinian legislative election|2006 legislative election]], the party received 74 out of 132 seats in parliament by campaigning on clean government without corruption, combined with affirmation of Palestinians’ right to defend against the violent Israeli occupation and administrates [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]]. The party has supported the reestablishment of the Land of Palestine in all historic land that they believe should be theirs, which includes the [[West Bank]], [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]], and the IsraelState Properof Israel. Hamas (along with 38 other countries) does not recognize the State of Israel.<ref name="cfr" /> The 2017 Hamas Charter stated that the party's struggle was with Zionists and [[Israeli terrorists]]. In 2018, the [[United Nations]] voted to reject an American claim to condemn Hamas. Hamas official Sami Abu Zuhri told the Reuters news agency, "Rejecting the American drafted resolution against the resistance represents a blow to the American administration and reaffirms the legitimacy of the resistance."

== Name ==

''Hamas'' is an [[acronym]] of the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] phrase {{lang-ar|حركةحَرَكَةُ المقاومةالْمُقَاوَمَةِ الاسلاميةالِاسْلَامِيَّةِ}}, or '''Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya''' or "Islamic Resistance Movement". The Hebrew meaning of the name Hamas (חמס; as used in the Hebrew Bible) is "violence".

== Violence ==

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== Popularity ==

In early [[2006]], Hamas won a clear victory in the vote for the [[2006 Palestinian legislative election|Palestinian legislative election]]. Voters saw Hamas as an alternative to exchange the long-ruling [[Fatah]] party, the main part of the [[Palestine Liberation Organization|PLO]]. This was due to how Fatah had not improved the Palestinian people's conditions and instead allegedly worsened conditions by corruption. There have been no elections since 2006 as Hamas have made a [[dictatorship]].

== Local work ==

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{{reflist}}

{{Hamas}}

{{Israel–Hamas war}}

{{Military of the Arab world}}

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[[Category:Hamas| ]]

[[Category:Islamic political parties]]

[[Category:Arab–Israeli conflict]]

[[Category:Gaza–Israel conflict]]