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Line 469: [[File:Ethnic makeup of Bosnia and Herzegovina before and after the war.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Ethnic distribution at the municipal level in Bosnia and Herzegovina before (1991) and after the war (1998)]] [[Ethnic cleansing]] was a common phenomenon in the war. Large numbers of Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats were forced to flee their homes or were expelled by the [[Army of Republika Srpska]] and [[Serb paramilitary|Serb paramilitaries]].<ref>{{cite news| title=Long Ordeal for Displaced Bosnian Muslims| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1992/08/22/long-ordeal-for-displaced-bosnian-muslims/dfc4fa1d-9c0c-4326-b3f5-44ef50b77e53/| newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]| date=22 August 1992| access-date=7 May 2020| author=A. D. Horne| archive-date=6 June 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606183419/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1992/08/22/long-ordeal-for-displaced-bosnian-muslims/dfc4fa1d-9c0c-4326-b3f5-44ef50b77e53/| url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="HRW1994">{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/bosnia2/|work=[[Human Rights Watch]]|title=War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina: U.N. Cease-Fire Won't Help Banja Luka|date=June 1994|access-date=25 July 2019|archive-date=29 January 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020129105940/https://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/bosnia2/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.unhcr.org/3ebf9bb50.pdf | title=War and humanitarian action: Iraq and the Balkans | page=218 | work=[[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|UNHCR]] | date=2000 | access-date=25 July 2019 | archive-date=2 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002085553/https://www.unhcr.org/3ebf9bb50.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfn|Bell-Fialkoff|1993|page=110}} This entailed intimidation, forced expulsion, or killing of the unwanted ethnic group as well as the destruction of the places of worship, cemeteries and cultural and historical buildings of that ethnic group. Due to this, tens of thousands were killed,{{sfn|Seybolt|2007|p=177}} According to numerous ICTY verdicts and indictments, Serb<ref name="Prosecutor v. Vujadin Popovic, Ljubisa Beara, Drago Nikolic, Ljubomir Borovcanin, Radivoje Miletic, Milan Gvero, and Vinko Pandurevic">{{cite web|url=http://www.icty.org/x/cases/popovic/tdec/en/060926.pdf|title=Prosecutor v. Vujadin Popovic, Ljubisa Beara, Drago Nikolic, Ljubomir Borovcanin, Radivoje Miletic, Milan Gvero, and Vinko Pandurevic|quote=In the Motion, the Prosecution submits that both the existence and implementation of the plan to create an ethnically pure Bosnian Serb state by Bosnian Serb political and military leaders are facts of common knowledge and have been held to be historical and accurate in a wide range of sources.|access-date=13 August 2009|archive-date=11 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211023111/https://www.icty.org/x/cases/popovic/tdec/en/060926.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ICTY: Radoslav Brđanin judgement">{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/icty/brdjanin/trialc/judgement/index.htm |title=ICTY: Radoslav Brđanin judgement |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414072922/http://www.un.org/icty/brdjanin/trialc/judgement/index.htm |archive-date=14 April 2009 }}</ref><ref name="Tadic Case: The Verdict">{{cite web|url=http://www.icty.org/sid/7537|title=Tadic Case: The Verdict|quote=Importantly, the objectives remained the same: to create an ethnically pure Serb State by uniting Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina and extending that State from the FRY […] to the Croatian Krajina along the important logistics and supply line that went through opstina Prijedor, thereby necessitating the expulsion of the non-Serb population of the opstina.|access-date=13 August 2009|archive-date=14 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014175448/https://www.icty.org/sid/7537|url-status=live}}</ref> and Croat<ref name="ICTY: Naletilić and Matinović verdict" /><ref name="ICTY: Kordić and Čerkez verdict" /><ref name="prosecutor v. Jadranko Prlic, Bruno Stojic, Slobodan Praljak, Milivoj Petkovic and Valentin Coric and Berislav Pusic">{{cite web|url=http://www.icty.org/x/cases/prlic/acdec/en/080311.pdf|title=Prosecutor v. Jadranko Prlic, Bruno Stojic, Slobodan Praljak, Milivoj Petkovic, Valentin Coric and Berislav Pusic|quote=Significantly, the Trial Chamber held that a reasonable Trial Chamber, could make a finding beyond any reasonable doubt that all of these acts were committed to carry out a plan aimed at changing the ethnic balance of the areas that formed Herceg-Bosna and mainly to deport the Muslim population and other non-Croat population out of Herceg-Bosna to create an ethnically pure Croatian territory within Herceg-Bosna.|access-date=13 August 2009|archive-date=5 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905185823/https://www.icty.org/x/cases/prlic/acdec/en/080311.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> forces performed ethnic cleansing of their territories to create ethnically pure states ([[History of Republika Srpska#1991–1995|Republika Srpska]] and [[Herzeg-Bosnia]]). Serb forces carried out the [[Srebrenica genocide]] towards the end of the war.<ref>[https://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/2004/p860-e.htm Address at Potočari Memorial Cemetery] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403003018/http://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/2004/p860-e.htm |date=3 April 2009 }}, un.org, 23 June 2004.</ref> Although comparatively rare, there were also cases of Bosniak forces forcing other ethnic groups to flee during the war.<ref name="fas.org"/> According to The New York Times, the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] concluded in a March 1995 report that Bosnian Serb forces had been responsible for 90 percent of the ethnic cleansing committed up to that time and that leading Serb politicians almost certainly knew of the crimes.<ref name=Cohen /> | |||