Garry Kasparov: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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'''Garry Kimovich Kasparov'''{{Efn|{{lang-ru|Гарри Кимович Каспаров}}, {{IPA|ru|ˈɡarʲɪ ˈkʲiməvʲɪtɕ kɐˈsparəf|pron}}}} (born '''Garik Kimovich Weinstein'''{{efn|{{lang-ru|Гарик Кимович Вайнштейн|translit=Garik Kimovich Vainshteyn}}}} on 13 April 1963) is a Russian [[Grandmaster (chess)|chess grandmaster]], former [[World Chess Champion]] (1985–2000), political activist and [[writer]]. His peak [[FIDE]] chess [[Elo rating system|rating]] of 2851,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chess.com/article/view/who-is-the-strongest-chess-player |title=Who is the Strongest Chess Player? |access-date=2 March 2009 |date=27 October 2008 |work=Bill Wall |publisher=Chess.com |archive-date=31 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331020751/https://www.chess.com/article/view/who-is-the-strongest-chess-player |url-status=live }}</ref> achieved in 1999, was the highest recorded until being surpassed by [[Magnus Carlsen]] in 2013. From 1984 until his retirement from regular competitive chess in 2005, Kasparov was ranked world no. 1 for a record 255 months overall. Kasparov also [[#Other records|holds records]] for the most consecutive professional tournament victories (15) and [[Chess Oscar]]s (11). Kasparov is widely considered to be one of, if not the greatest, chess players of all time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stapczynski (ColinStapczynski) |first=Colin |date=2020-03-08 |title=The 10 Best Chess Players Of All Time |url=https://www.chess.com/article/view/best-chess-players-of-all-time |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Chess.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

Kasparov became the youngest-ever undisputed world champion in [[World Chess Championship 1985|1985]] at age 22 by defeating then-champion [[Anatoly Karpov]].<ref>[[Ruslan Ponomariov]] won the disputed [[FIDE]] title, at the age of 18, when the world title was split</ref> He defended the title against Karpov three times, in [[World Chess Championship 1986|1986]], [[World Chess Championship 1987|1987]] and [[World Chess Championship 1990|1990]]. Kasparov held the official FIDE world title until 1993, when a dispute with FIDE led him to set up a rival organisation, the [[Professional Chess Association]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Garry-Kasparov|title=Garry Kasparov {{!}} Biography & Facts|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=3 August 2017|archive-date=3 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203040544/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Garry-Kasparov|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1997, he became the first world champion to lose a match to a computer under standard [[time control]]s when he was defeated by the [[IBM]] supercomputer [[Deep Blue (chess computer)|Deep Blue]] in a [[Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov|highly publicised match]]. He continued to hold the "Classical" world title until his defeat by [[Vladimir Kramnik]] in 2000. Despite losing the PCA title, he continued winning tournaments and was the world's highest-rated player at the time of his official retirement. Kasparov coached Carlsen in 2009–10, during which time Carlsen rose to world no. 1. Kasparov stood unsuccessfully for FIDE president in 2013–2014.