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Line 22: }} '''Garry Kimovich Kasparov'''{{Efn|{{lang-ru|Гарри Кимович Каспаров}}, {{IPA|ru|ˈɡarʲɪ ˈkʲiməvʲɪtɕ kɐˈsparəf|pron}}}} (born '''Garik Kimovich Weinstein'''{{efn|{{lang-ru|Гарик Кимович Вайнштейн|translit=Garik Kimovich Vainshteyn}}}} on 13 April 1963) is a Russian Kasparov became the youngest-ever undisputed world champion in [[World Chess Championship 1985|1985]] at age 22 by defeating then-champion [[Anatoly Karpov]].<ref>[[Ruslan Ponomariov]] won the disputed [[FIDE]] title, at the age of 18, when the world title was split</ref> He defended the title against Karpov three times, in [[World Chess Championship 1986|1986]], [[World Chess Championship 1987|1987]] and [[World Chess Championship 1990|1990]]. Kasparov held the official FIDE world title until 1993, when a dispute with FIDE led him to set up a rival organisation, the [[Professional Chess Association]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Garry-Kasparov|title=Garry Kasparov {{!}} Biography & Facts|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=3 August 2017|archive-date=3 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203040544/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Garry-Kasparov|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1997, he became the first world champion to lose a match to a computer under standard [[time control]]s when he was defeated by the [[IBM]] supercomputer [[Deep Blue (chess computer)|Deep Blue]] in a [[Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov|highly publicised match]]. He continued to hold the "Classical" world title until his defeat by [[Vladimir Kramnik]] in 2000. Despite losing the PCA title, he continued winning tournaments and was the world's highest-rated player at the time of his official retirement. Kasparov coached Carlsen in 2009–10, during which time Carlsen rose to world no. 1. Kasparov stood unsuccessfully for FIDE president in 2013–2014. Line 132: On 2 June 2016, Kasparov played against fifteen chess players in a simultaneous exhibition in the [[:de:Kaiser-Friedrich-Halle|Kaiser-Friedrich-Halle]] of [[Mönchengladbach]]. He won all games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chess24.com/en/watch/live-tournaments/kasparov-simultaneous-moenchengladbach|title=Kasparov simultaneous exhibition Mönchengladbach|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-date=16 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916215755/https://chess24.com/en/watch/live-tournaments/kasparov-simultaneous-moenchengladbach|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Candidate for FIDE presidency ==== On 7 October 2013, Kasparov announced his candidacy for World Chess Federation president during a reception in [[Tallinn]], Estonia, where the 84th FIDE Congress took place.<ref>{{cite news | title = Kasparov Announces Candidacy for FIDE President | publisher = [[Chess.com]] | date = 7 October 2013 | url = http://www.chess.com/news/breaking-kasparov-announces-candidacy-for-fide-president-1854 | access-date = 8 October 2013 | archive-date = 9 October 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131009072032/http://www.chess.com/news/breaking-kasparov-announces-candidacy-for-fide-president-1854 | url-status = live }}</ref> He was supported by reigning world champion and FIDE #1 ranked player Carlsen.<ref>{{cite news|script-title=ru:Карлсен: поддерживаю Каспарова на выборах президента FIDE|url=http://www.championat.com/other/news-1849106-karlsen-podderzhivaju-kasparova-na-vyborakh-prezidenta-fide.html|date=4 June 2014|publisher=Championat.com|access-date=8 June 2014|language=ru|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714143806/http://www.championat.com/other/news-1849106-karlsen-podderzhivaju-kasparova-na-vyborakh-prezidenta-fide.html|url-status=live}}</ref> At the FIDE General Assembly in August 2014, Kasparov lost the presidential election to the incumbent [[Kirsan Ilyumzhinov]], with a vote of 110–61.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chess.com/news/breaking-ilyumzhinov-beats-kasparov-110-61-at-fide-presidential-elections-4528|title=Ilyumzhinov Beats Kasparov 110–61 at FIDE Presidential Elections|date=11 August 2014|website=Chess.com|language=en-US|access-date=13 August 2016|archive-date=21 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921015246/https://www.chess.com/news/breaking-ilyumzhinov-beats-kasparov-110-61-at-fide-presidential-elections-4528|url-status=live}}</ref> Line 138 ⟶ 139: === Return from chess retirement === Kasparov came out of retirement to participate in the inaugural [[Grand Chess Tour#Grand Chess Tour 2017|St. Louis Rapid and Blitz]] tournament from 14 to 19 August 2017, scoring 3.5/9 in the rapid and 9/18 in the blitz In 2020, he participated in 9LX, a [[Chess 960]] tournament, and finished eighth of a field of ten players.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://uschesschamps.com/tags/2020-champions-showdown-chess-9lx| title = 2020 Champions Showdown: Chess 9LX {{!}} www.uschesschamps.com| access-date = 16 November 2021| archive-date = 16 November 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211116172516/https://uschesschamps.com/tags/2020-champions-showdown-chess-9lx| url-status = live}}</ref> His game against Carlsen, who tied for first place, was drawn.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chess.com/news/view/kasparov-carlsen-chess9lx |title=Kasparov Escapes Vs Carlsen In 1st Clash In 16 Years |last=Doggers |first=Peter |date=12 September 2020 |website=Chess.com |access-date=26 September 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926010232/https://www.chess.com/news/view/kasparov-carlsen-chess9lx |archive-date=26 September 2020}}</ref> | |||