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Line 16: |occupations=Composer, architect }} '''Giannis Klearchou Xenakis''' (also spelled for professional purposes as '''Yannis''' or '''Iannis Xenakis'''; {{lang-el|Γιάννης "Ιωάννης" Κλέαρχου Ξενάκης}}, {{IPA-el|ˈʝanis kseˈnacis|pron}}; 29 May 1922{{efn|Xenakis' daughter Mâkhi states also 29 May 2021. She has all his passports and birth certificate and in some the date is 1921, like in the birth certificate in others 1922.<ref name="u919">{{cite book | last=Xenakis | first=Mâkhi | title=Iannis Xenakis | date=27 March 2024 | isbn=978-2-9585283-5-5 | page=| publisher=Uteurp }}</ref>}} – 4 February 2001) was a Romanian-born Greek-French [[Avant-garde music|avant-garde]] "Xenakis has had to go beyond music. His innovation has a quite different character than those of Bach, Debussy and Schoenberg. They never lost the link with the history of music, they could always "go back" (and often did). For Xenakis, the bridges were irrevocably destroyed. Oliver Messiaen said it: Xenakis' music is "not radically new but radically different". Xenakis does not set himself against a preceding phase of music. He turns his back on all European music, in total rejection of this inheritance. His starting point is somewhere else: not in the artificial sound of a note that has isolated itself from nature in order to express human subjectivity, but in the noise of the world, in a "sound mass" that doesn't gush from the heart, but comes to us from the outside, like the pitter-patter of rain, the din of a factory , or the chanting slogans of a crowd demonstrating."</ref> composer, [[Music theory|music theorist]], architect, performance director and engineer.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Harley |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xeNCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 |title=Iannis Xenakis: Kraanerg |date=28 September 2015 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |isbn=978-1-4094-2331-7 |pages=3 |language=en}}</ref> After 1947, he fled Greece, becoming a naturalised [[French citizenship|citizen of France]] eighteen years later.<ref>Gagné, Nicole V. (2012). ''Historical Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Classical Music'', p. 299, Lanham: Scarecrow Press. {{ISBN|0-8108-6765-6}}: "Xenakis settled in Paris, becoming a French citizen in 1965."</ref> Xenakis pioneered the use of mathematical models in music such as applications of [[set theory]], [[stochastic process]]es and [[game theory]] and was also an important influence on the development of [[Electronic music|electronic]] and [[computer music]]. He integrated music with architecture, designing music for pre-existing spaces, and designing spaces to be integrated with specific music compositions and performances.<ref>[[Gérard Pape]], ''Musipoesc: Writings About Music'', Paris: Éditions Michel de Maule, 2015, pp. 351-353.</ref> | |||