Pyronaridine


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Pyronaridine is an antimalarial drug.[1] It was first made in 1970 and has been in clinical use in China since the 1980s.[2]

Pyronaridine
Clinical data
Other namesPyronaridine tetraphosphate
Routes of
administration		Oral, intramuscular injection, intravenous therapy
ATC code
  • none
Legal status
Legal status
  • CLP (EU): Acute Tox. 3(H301), Eye Dam. 1 (H318), Repr. 2 (H361), Aquatic Chronic 4 (H413)[clarification needed]
Identifiers

  • 4-[(7-Chloro-2-methoxy-pyrido[3,2-b]quinolin-10-yl)amino]-2,6-bis(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)phenol

CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC29H32ClN5O2
Molar mass518.06 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)

  • Clc1ccc6c(c1)nc2ccc(OC)nc2c6Nc5cc(CN3CCCC3)c(O)c(CN4CCCC4)c5

  • InChI=1S/C29H32ClN5O2/c1-37-26-9-8-24-28(33-26)27(23-7-6-21(30)16-25(23)32-24)31-22-14-19(17-34-10-2-3-11-34)29(36)20(15-22)18-35-12-4-5-13-35/h6-9,14-16,36H,2-5,10-13,17-18H2,1H3,(H,31,32) check

  • Key:DJUFPMUQJKWIJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N check

 ☒check (what is this?)  (verify)

It is one of the components of the artemisinin combination therapy pyronaridine/artesunate (Pyramax).[3]

It has also been studied as a potential anticancer drug,[4] treatment for Ebola[5], Influenza and SARS-COV-2[6].

The combination of pyronaridin and altesunate has been evaluated to have a synergistic effect of stronger antiviral effect and less toxicity.[7]

There is a study that if pyronaridin and altesunate are used in combination, it will have a therapeutic effect to moderate to severe SARS-COV-2.[8]

References

  1. ^ Croft, Simon L.; Duparc, Stephan; Arbe-Barnes, Sarah J.; Craft, J.; Shin, Chang-Sik; Fleckenstein, Lawrence; Borghini-Fuhrer, Isabelle; Rim, Han-Jong (2012). "Review of pyronaridine anti-malarial properties and product characteristics". Malaria Journal. 11: 270. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-270. PMC 3483207. PMID 22877082.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  2. ^ Chang C, Lin-Hua T, Jantanavivat C (1992). "Studies on a new antimalarial compound: pyronaridine". Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 86 (1): 7–10. doi:10.1016/0035-9203(92)90414-8. PMID 1566313.
  3. ^ "Pyramax" (PDF). European Medicines Agency. 2016.
  4. ^ Villanueva, Paulina J.; Martinez, Alberto; Baca, Sarah T.; Dejesus, Rebecca E.; Larragoity, Manuel; Contreras, Lisett; Gutierrez, Denisse A.; Varela-Ramirez, Armando; Aguilera, Renato J. (2018). "Pyronaridine exerts potent cytotoxicity on human breast and hematological cancer cells through induction of apoptosis". PLOS ONE. 13 (11): e0206467. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206467. PMC 6218039. PMID 30395606.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  5. ^ Lane, Thomas R.; Dyall, Julie; Mercer, Luke; Goodin, Caleb; Foil, Daniel H.; Zhou, Huanying; Postnikova, Elena; Liang, Janie Y.; Holbrook, Michael R.; Madrid, Peter B.; Ekins, Sean (2020-04-27). "Repurposing Pyramax® for the Treatment of Ebola Virus Disease: Additivity of the Lysosomotropic Pyronaridine and Non-Lysosomotropic Artesunate". bioRxiv: 2020.04.25.061333. doi:10.1101/2020.04.25.061333.
  6. ^ Bae, Joon-Yong; Lee, Gee Eun; Park, Heedo; Cho, Juyoung; Kim, Yung-Eui; Lee, Joo-Yeon; Ju, Chung; Kim, Won-Ki; Kim, Jin Il; Park, Man-Seong (2020-07-28). "Pyronaridine and artesunate are potential antiviral drugs against COVID-19 and influenza". bioRxiv: 2020.07.28.225102. doi:10.1101/2020.07.28.225102.
  7. ^ Lane, Thomas R.; Massey, Christopher; Comer, Jason E.; Anantpadma, Manu; Freundlich, Joel S.; Davey, Robert A.; Madrid, Peter B.; Ekins, Sean (2019-11-21). "Repurposing the antimalarial pyronaridine tetraphosphate to protect against Ebola virus infection". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 13 (11): e0007890. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007890. ISSN 1935-2735. PMC 6894882. PMID 31751347.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  8. ^ Krishna, Sanjeev; Augustin, Yolanda; Wang, Jigang; Xu, Chengchao; Staines, Henry M.; Platteeuw, Hans; Kamarulzaman, Adeeba; Sall, Amadou; Kremsner, Peter (2021-01-19). "Repurposing Antimalarials to Tackle the COVID-19 Pandemic: (Trends in Parasitology 37, 8–11; 2021)". Trends in Parasitology. 0 (0). doi:10.1016/j.pt.2020.12.009. ISSN 1471-4922.