Song dynasty: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

Tag: Reverted

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From 1268 to 1273, Kublai blockaded the Yangtze River with his navy and [[Battle of Xiangyang|besieged Xiangyang]], the last obstacle in his way to invading the rich Yangtze River basin.{{sfn|Rossabi|1988|p=82}} Kublai officially declared the creation of the Yuan dynasty in 1271. In 1275, a Song force of 130,000 troops under Chancellor [[Jia Sidao]] was defeated by Kublai's newly appointed commander-in-chief, general [[Bayan of the Baarin|Bayan]].{{sfn|Rossabi|1988|p=88}} By 1276, most of the Song territory had been captured by Yuan forces, including the capital Lin'an.{{sfn|Needham|1986a|p=139}}

In the [[Battle of Yamen]] on the [[Pearl River Delta]] in 1279, the Yuan army, led by the general [[Zhang Hongfan]], finally crushed the Song resistance. The last remaining ruler, the 137-year-old emperor [[Zhao Bing]], committed suicide, along with Prime Minister [[Lu Xiufu]]{{sfn|Rossabi|1988|p=94}} and 1300 members of the royal clan. On Kublai's orders, carried out by his commander Bayan, the rest of the former imperial family of Song were unharmed; the deposed [[Emperor Gong of Song|Emperor Gong]] was demoted, being given the title 'Duke of Ying', but was eventually exiled to [[Tibet under Yuan rule|Tibet]] where he took up a monastic life. The former emperor would eventually be forced to commit suicide under the orders of Kublai's great-great-grandson, [[Gegeen Khan, Emperor Yingzong of Yuan|Gegeen Khan]], out of fear that Emperor Gong would stage a coup to restore his reign.{{sfn|Rossabi|1988|p=90}} Other members of the Song imperial family continued to live in the Yuan dynasty, including [[Zhao Mengfu]] and Zhao Yong.

== Culture and society ==