DDT (gene)

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D-dopachrome decarboxylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDT gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

DDT

Available structures

PDB

Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB

List of PDB id codes
4Q3F, 3KAN, 1DPT

Identifiers

Aliases

DDT, DDCT, D-dopachrome tautomerase, MIF-2, MIF2, D-DT

External IDs

OMIM: 602750; MGI: 1298381; HomoloGene: 1038; GeneCards: DDT; OMA:DDT - orthologs

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 22 (human)^[1]

Band	22q11.23	Start	23,971,365 bp^[1]
Band	22q11.23	End	23,979,828 bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 10 (mouse)^[2]

Band	10 C1\|10 38.58 cM	Start	75,607,064 bp^[2]
Band	10 C1\|10 38.58 cM	End	75,609,248 bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

right lobe of liver

mucosa of transverse colon

body of pancreas

human kidney

apex of heart

body of stomach

left ventricle

fundus

olfactory zone of nasal mucosa

right adrenal gland

Top expressed in

right kidney

proximal tubule

spermatocyte

yolk sac

human kidney

embryo

testicle

white adipose tissue

epiblast

liver

More reference expression data

BioGPS


More reference expression data

Gene ontology
Molecular function	dopachrome isomerase activity D-dopachrome decarboxylase activity lyase activity cytokine receptor binding phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity
Cellular component	cytoplasm extracellular exosome extracellular space
Biological process	melanin biosynthetic process negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production positive regulation of inflammatory response positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


1652


13202

Ensembl


ENSG00000099977 ENSG00000275003


ENSMUSG00000001666

UniProt


P30046


O35215

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_001084392 NM_001355 NM_001381852 NM_001397485


NM_010027

RefSeq (protein)


NP_001077861 NP_001346 NP_001368781


NP_034157

Location (UCSC)

Chr 22: 23.97 – 23.98 Mb

Chr 10: 75.61 – 75.61 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

D-dopachrome tautomerase converts D-dopachrome into 5,6-dihydroxyindole. The DDT gene is related to the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in terms of sequence, enzyme activity, and gene structure. DDT and MIF are closely linked on chromosome 22.^[7]

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor domain

^ ^a ^b ^c ENSG00000275003 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000099977, ENSG00000275003 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000001666 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Nishihira J, Fujinaga M, Kuriyama T, Suzuki M, Sugimoto H, Nakagawa A, Tanaka I, Sakai M (Mar 1998). "Molecular cloning of human D-dopachrome tautomerase cDNA: N-terminal proline is essential for enzyme activation". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 243 (2): 538–44. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8123. PMID 9480844.
^ Coggan M, Whitbread L, Whittington A, Board P (Nov 1998). "Structure and organization of the human theta-class glutathione S-transferase and D-dopachrome tautomerase gene complex". Biochem J. 334. ( Pt 3) (3): 617–23. doi:10.1042/bj3340617. PMC 1219731. PMID 9729470.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: DDT D-dopachrome tautomerase".

Hochstrasser DF, Frutiger S, Paquet N, et al. (1993). "Human liver protein map: a reference database established by microsequencing and gel comparison". Electrophoresis. 13 (12): 992–1001. doi:10.1002/elps.11501301201. PMID 1286669. S2CID 23518983.
Odh G, Hindemith A, Rosengren AM, et al. (1994). "Isolation of a new tautomerase monitored by the conversion of D-dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 197 (2): 619–24. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2524. PMID 8267597.
Esumi N, Budarf M, Ciccarelli L, et al. (1999). "Conserved gene structure and genomic linkage for D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) and MIF". Mamm. Genome. 9 (9): 753–7. doi:10.1007/s003359900858. PMID 9716662. S2CID 24034990.
Sugimoto H, Taniguchi M, Nakagawa A, et al. (1999). "Crystal structure of human D-dopachrome tautomerase, a homologue of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, at 1.54 A resolution". Biochemistry. 38 (11): 3268–79. doi:10.1021/bi982184o. PMID 10079069.
Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, et al. (1999). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22". Nature. 402 (6761): 489–95. Bibcode:1999Natur.402..489D. doi:10.1038/990031. PMID 10591208.
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Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, et al. (2004). "Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides". Nat. Biotechnol. 21 (5): 566–9. doi:10.1038/nbt810. PMID 12665801. S2CID 23783563.
Sonesson B, Rosengren E, Hansson AS, Hansson C (2004). "UVB-induced inflammation gives increased d-dopachrome tautomerase activity in blister fluid which correlates with macrophage migration inhibitory factor". Exp. Dermatol. 12 (3): 278–82. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0625.2003.120307.x. PMID 12823441. S2CID 12494872.
Collins JE, Wright CL, Edwards CA, et al. (2005). "A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome". Genome Biol. 5 (10): R84. doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84. PMC 545604. PMID 15461802.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, et al. (2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Mol. Syst. Biol. 3 (1): 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC 1847948. PMID 17353931.