- 1913 – Pedro Lascuráin becomes President of Mexico for 45 minutes; this is the shortest term to date of any person as president of any country.
- 1915 – World War I: The first naval attack on the Dardanelles begins when a strong Anglo-French task force bombards Ottoman artillery along the coast of Gallipoli.
- 1937 – Yekatit 12: During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace (the former Imperial residence) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, two Ethiopian nationalists of Eritrean origin attempt to kill viceroy Rodolfo Graziani with a number of grenades.
- 1942 – World War II: Nearly 250 Japanese warplanes attack the northern Australian city of Darwin, killing 243 people.
- 1942 – World War II: United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs executive order 9066, allowing the United States military to relocate Japanese Americans to internment camps.
- 1943 – World War II: Battle of Kasserine Pass in Tunisia begins.
- 1945 – World War II: Battle of Iwo Jima: About 30,000 United States Marines land on the island of Iwo Jima.
- 1948 – The Conference of Youth and Students of Southeast Asia Fighting for Freedom and Independence convenes in Calcutta.
- 1949 – Ezra Pound is awarded the first Bollingen Prize in poetry by the Bollingen Foundation and Yale University.
- 1953 – Book censorship in the United States: The Georgia Literature Commission is established.[8]
- 1954 – Transfer of Crimea: The Soviet Politburo of the Soviet Union orders the transfer of the Crimean Oblast from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR.
- 1959 – The United Kingdom grants Cyprus independence, which is formally proclaimed on August 16, 1960.
- 1960 – China successfully launches the T-7, its first sounding rocket.
- 1963 – The publication of Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique reawakens the feminist movement in the United States as women's organizations and consciousness raising groups spread.
- 1965 – Colonel Phạm Ngọc Thảo of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, and a communist spy of the North Vietnamese Viet Minh, along with Generals Lâm Văn Phát and Trần Thiện Khiêm, all Catholics, attempt a coup against the military junta of the Buddhist Nguyễn Khánh.
- 1976 – Executive Order 9066, which led to the relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps, is rescinded by President Gerald Ford's Proclamation 4417.
- 1978 – Egyptian forces raid Larnaca International Airport in an attempt to intervene in a hijacking, without authorisation from the Republic of Cyprus authorities. The Cypriot National Guard and Police forces kill 15 Egyptian commandos and destroy the Egyptian C-130 transport plane in open combat.
- 1985 – William J. Schroeder becomes the first recipient of an artificial heart to leave the hospital.
- 1985 – A Boeing 727 operating as Iberia Flight 610 crashes Mount Oiz in Spain, killing 148; it is the deadliest accident to occur in Iberia's history and the deadliest in Basque County to occur.
- 1986 – Akkaraipattu massacre: the Sri Lankan Army massacres 80 Tamil farm workers in eastern Sri Lanka.
- 1989 – Flying Tiger Line flight 66 crashes into a hill near Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport in Malaysia, killing four.[9]
- 2002 – NASA's Mars Odyssey space probe begins to map the surface of Mars using its thermal emission imaging system.
- 2003 – An Ilyushin Il-76 military aircraft crashes near Kerman, Iran, killing 275.
- 2006 – A methane explosion in a coal mine near Nueva Rosita, Mexico, kills 65 miners.
- 2011 – The debut exhibition of the Belitung shipwreck, containing the largest collection of Tang dynasty artifacts found in one location, begins in Singapore.
- 2012 – Forty-four people are killed in a prison brawl in Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico.
- 2021 – Mya Thwe Thwe Khine, a 19-year-old protester, becomes the first known casualty of anti-coup protests that formed in response to the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état.[10]
- 1611 – Andries de Graeff, Dutch politician (d. 1678)
- 1630 – Shivaji, Indian warrior-king and the founder of Maratha Empire (d. 1680)[11]
- 1660 – Friedrich Hoffmann, German physician and chemist (d. 1742)
- 1717 – David Garrick, English actor, playwright, and producer (d. 1779)
- 1743 – Luigi Boccherini, Italian cellist and composer (d. 1805)
- 1798 – Allan MacNab, Canadian soldier, lawyer, and politician, Premier of Canada West (d. 1862)
- 1800 – Émilie Gamelin, Canadian nun and social worker, founded the Sisters of Providence (d. 1851)[12]
- 1804 – Carl von Rokitansky, German physician, pathologist, and philosopher (d. 1878)
- 1821 – August Schleicher, German linguist and academic (d. 1868)
- 1833 – Élie Ducommun, Swiss journalist and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1906)
- 1838 – Lydia Thompson, British burlesque performer (d. 1908)[13]
- 1841 – Elfrida Andrée, Swedish organist, composer, and conductor (d. 1929)[14]
- 1855 – Nishinoumi Kajirō I, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 16th Yokozuna (d. 1908)
- 1859 – Svante Arrhenius, Swedish physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1927)
- 1865 – Sven Hedin, Swedish geographer and explorer (d. 1952)
- 1869 – Hovhannes Tumanyan, Armenian-Russian poet and author (d. 1923)
- 1872 – Johan Pitka, Estonian admiral (d. 1944)
- 1876 – Constantin Brâncuși, Romanian-French sculptor, painter, and photographer (d. 1957)
- 1877 – Gabriele Münter, German painter (d. 1962)[15]
- 1878 – Harriet Bosse, Swedish–Norwegian actress (d. 1961)
- 1880 – Álvaro Obregón, Mexican general and politician, 39th President of Mexico (d. 1928)
- 1886 – José Abad Santos, Filipino lawyer and jurist, 5th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines (d. 1942)
- 1888 – José Eustasio Rivera, Colombian lawyer and poet (d. 1928)
- 1893 – Cedric Hardwicke, English actor and director (d. 1964)
- 1895 – Louis Calhern, American actor (d. 1956)
- 1896 – André Breton, French poet and author (d. 1966)
- 1897 – Alma Rubens, American actress (d. 1931)
- 1899 – Lucio Fontana, Argentinian-Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1968)
- 1902 – Kay Boyle, American novelist, short story writer, and educator (d. 1992)
- 1904 – Havank, Dutch journalist and author (d. 1964)
- 1911 – Merle Oberon, Indian-American actress (d. 1979)[16]
- 1912 – Saul Chaplin, American composer (d. 1997)
- 1912 – Dorothy Janis, American actress (d. 2010)
- 1913 – Prince Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza (d. 2007)
- 1913 – Frank Tashlin, American animator and screenwriter (d. 1972)
- 1914 – Thelma Kench, New Zealand Olympic sprinter (d. 1985)
- 1915 – Dick Emery, English actor and comedian (d. 1983)[17]
- 1915 – John Freeman, English lawyer, politician, and diplomat, British Ambassador to the United States (d. 2014)
- 1916 – Eddie Arcaro, American jockey and sportscaster (d. 1997)
- 1917 – Carson McCullers, American novelist, short story writer, playwright, and essayist (d. 1967)[16]
- 1918 – Fay McKenzie, American actress (d. 2019)
- 1920 – C. Z. Guest, American actress, fashion designer, and author (d. 2003)
- 1920 – Jaan Kross, Estonian author and poet (d. 2007)
- 1920 – George Rose, English actor and singer (d. 1988)
- 1922 – Władysław Bartoszewski, Polish journalist and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2015)
- 1924 – David Bronstein, Ukrainian chess player and theoretician (d. 2006)
- 1924 – Lee Marvin, American actor (d. 1987)[16]
- 1926 – György Kurtág, Hungarian composer and academic
- 1927 – Philippe Boiry, French journalist (d. 2014)
- 1929 – Jacques Deray, French director and screenwriter (d. 2003)
- 1930 – John Frankenheimer, American director and producer (d. 2002)[16]
- 1930 – K. Viswanath, Indian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2023)[18]
- 1932 – Joseph P. Kerwin, American captain, physician, and astronaut
- 1935 – Chung-Yun Hse, Wood scientist (d. 2021)[19]
- 1935 – Dave Niehaus, American sportscaster (d. 2010)
- 1935 – Russ Nixon, American MLB catcher and coach (d. 2016)
- 1936 – Sam Myers, American singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
- 1936 – Frederick Seidel, American poet
- 1937 – Terry Carr, American author and educator (d. 1987)
- 1937 – Norm O'Neill, Australian cricketer and sportscaster (d. 2008)
- 1938 – Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama (d. 1989)
- 1939 – Erin Pizzey, English activist and author, founded Refuge[20]
- 1940 – Saparmurat Niyazov, Turkmen engineer and politician, 1st President of Turkmenistan (d. 2006)
- 1940 – Smokey Robinson, American singer-songwriter and producer[21]
- 1940 – Bobby Rogers, American singer-songwriter (d. 2013)
- 1941 – David Gross, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1941 – Jenny Tonge, Baroness Tonge, English politician
- 1942 – Cyrus Chothia, English biochemist and emeritus scientist at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology (d. 2019)
- 1942 – Paul Krause, American football player and politician
- 1942 – Will Provine, American biologist, historian, and academic (d. 2015)
- 1942 – Howard Stringer, Welsh businessman
- 1943 – Lou Christie, American singer-songwriter[21]
- 1943 – Homer Hickam, American author and engineer
- 1943 – Tim Hunt, English biochemist and academic, Nobel laureate
- 1944 – Les Hinton, English-American journalist and businessman
- 1945 – Yuri Antonov, Uzbek-Russian singer-songwriter
- 1946 – Paul Dean, Canadian guitarist
- 1946 – Peter Hudson, Australian footballer and coach
- 1946 – Karen Silkwood, American technician and activist (d. 1974)
- 1947 – Jackie Curtis, American actress and playwright (d. 1985)
- 1947 – Tim Shadbolt, New Zealand businessman and politician, 42nd Mayor of Invercargill
- 1948 – Mark Andes, American singer-songwriter and bass player
- 1948 – Pim Fortuyn, Dutch sociologist, academic, and politician (d. 2002)
- 1948 – Tony Iommi, English guitarist and songwriter[21]
- 1949 – Danielle Bunten Berry, American game designer and programmer (d. 1998)
- 1949 – Eddie Hardin, English singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 2015)
- 1949 – Barry Lloyd, English footballer and manager[22]
- 1949 – William Messner-Loebs, American author and illustrator
- 1950 – Juice Leskinen, Finnish singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
- 1950 – Andy Powell, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1951 – Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri, Pakistani scholar and politician, founder of Minhaj-ul-Quran
- 1952 – Ryū Murakami, Japanese novelist and filmmaker
- 1952 – Rodolfo Neri Vela, Mexican engineer and astronaut
- 1952 – Amy Tan, American novelist, essayist, and short story writer[21]
- 1952 – Danilo Türk, Slovene academic and politician, 3rd President of Slovenia
- 1953 – Corrado Barazzutti, Italian tennis player
- 1953 – Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, Argentine lawyer and politician, President of Argentina and Vice President of Argentina[23]
- 1953 – Massimo Troisi, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1994)
- 1954 – Francis Buchholz, German bass player
- 1954 – Michael Gira, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
- 1954 – Sócrates, Brazilian footballer and manager (d. 2011)
- 1955 – Jeff Daniels, American actor and playwright[21]
- 1956 – Peter Holsapple, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1956 – Roderick MacKinnon, American biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1956 – Dave Wakeling, English singer-songwriter and guitarist[21]
- 1957 – Falco, Austrian singer-songwriter, rapper, and musician (d. 1998)
- 1957 – Dave Stewart, American baseball player, coach, and executive
- 1957 – Ray Winstone, English actor
- 1958 – Leslie David Baker, American actor[21]
- 1958 – Helen Fielding, English author and screenwriter
- 1958 – Steve Nieve, English keyboard player and composer
- 1959 – Roger Goodell, American businessman, 6th National Football League Commissioner[16]
- 1960 – Prince Andrew, Duke of York[16]
- 1960 – John Paul Jr., American race car driver (d. 2020)
- 1961 – Justin Fashanu, English footballer (d. 1998)
- 1961 – Ernie Gonzalez, American golfer (d. 2020)
- 1962 – Hana Mandlíková, Czech-Australian tennis player and coach
- 1963 – Seal, English singer-songwriter[21]
- 1963 – Jessica Tuck, American actress[21]
- 1964 – Doug Aldrich, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1964 – Jennifer Doudna, American biochemist[24]
- 1964 – Jonathan Lethem, American novelist, essayist, and short story writer
- 1965 – Jon Fishman, American drummer[21]
- 1965 – Clark Hunt, American businessman
- 1965 – Leroy, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
- 1966 – Justine Bateman, American actress and producer[21]
- 1966 – Paul Haarhuis, Dutch tennis player and coach
- 1966 – Eduardo Xol, American designer and author (d. 2024)[25]
- 1967 – Benicio del Toro, Puerto Rican actor, director, and producer[21]
- 1968 – Prince Markie Dee, American rapper and actor (d. 2021)
- 1968 – Frank Watkins, American bass player (d. 2015)
- 1969 – Burton C. Bell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1969 – Helena Guergis, Canadian businesswoman and politician
- 1970 – Joacim Cans, Swedish singer-songwriter
- 1970 – Bellamy Young, American actress[21]
- 1971 – Miguel Batista, Dominican baseball player and poet
- 1971 – Richard Green, Australian golfer
- 1971 – Jeff Kinney, American author and illustrator
- 1972 – Francine Fournier, American wrestler and manager
- 1972 – Sunset Thomas, American pornographic actress
- 1973 – Eric Lange, American actor[16]
- 1975 – Daniel Adair, Canadian drummer and producer[21]
- 1975 – Daewon Song, South Korean-American skateboarder, co-founded Almost Skateboards
- 1977 – Ola Salo, Swedish singer-songwriter and keyboard player
- 1977 – Andrew Ross Sorkin, American journalist and author
- 1977 – Gianluca Zambrotta, Italian footballer and manager
- 1978 – Ben Gummer, English scholar and politician
- 1978 – Immortal Technique, Peruvian-American rapper
- 1979 – Steve Cherundolo, American soccer player and manager
- 1980 – Dwight Freeney, American football player
- 1980 – Ma Lin, Chinese table tennis player
- 1980 – Mike Miller, American basketball player
- 1981 – Beth Ditto, American singer
- 1981 – Shawn Spears, Canadian wrestler[26]
- 1983 – Kotoōshū Katsunori, Bulgarian sumo wrestler
- 1983 – Mika Nakashima, Japanese singer and actress
- 1983 – Reynhard Sinaga, Indonesian sex offender[27]
- 1983 – Ryan Whitney, American ice hockey player
- 1983 – Jawad Williams, American basketball player[28]
- 1984 – Chris Richardson, American singer-songwriter
- 1985 – Haylie Duff, American actress and singer[21]
- 1985 – Arielle Kebbel, American actress and model[21]
- 1985 – Kosta Perović, Serbian basketball player[29]
- 1986 – Kyle Chipchura, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1986 – Linus Klasen, Swedish ice hockey player[30]
- 1986 – Marta, Brazilian footballer
- 1986 – Maria Mena, Norwegian singer-songwriter
- 1987 – Anna Cappellini, Italian ice dancer
- 1987 – Josh Reddick, American baseball player[31]
- 1988 – Shawn Matthias, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1988 – Seth Morrison, American guitarist[21]
- 1989 – Sone Aluko, English-Nigerian footballer[32]
- 1991 – Trevor Bayne, American race car driver
- 1991 – Christoph Kramer, German footballer
- 1991 – Adreian Payne, American basketball player (d. 2022)[33]
- 1992 – Camille Kostek, American model
- 1993 – Mauro Icardi, Argentine footballer
- 1993 – Victoria Justice, American actress and singer[21]
- 1994 – Tiina Trutsi, Estonian footballer[34]
- 1995 – Nikola Jokić, Serbian basketball player[35]
- 1996 – Mabel, British-Swedish singer[36]
- 1996 – D. J. Wilson, American basketball player[37]
- 1998 – Katharina Gerlach, German tennis player[38]
- 2001 – Lee Kang-in, South Korean footballer[39]
- 2001 – David Mazouz, American actor[40]
- 2003 – Jakub Ojrzyński, Polish footballer[41]
- 2004 – Millie Bobby Brown, English actress, model and producer[42]
- 197 – Clodius Albinus, Roman usurper (b. 150)
- 446 – Leontius of Trier, Bishop of Trier
- 1133 – Irene Doukaina, Byzantine wife of Alexios I Komnenos (b. 1066)
- 1275 – Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, Sufi philosopher and poet (b. 1177)
- 1300 – Munio of Zamora, General of the Dominican Order
- 1408 – Thomas Bardolf, 5th Baron Bardolf, English rebel
- 1414 – Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1353)
- 1445 – Eleanor of Aragon, queen of Portugal (b. 1402)
- 1491 – Enno I, Count of East Frisia, German noble (b. 1460)
- 1553 – Erasmus Reinhold, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1511)
- 1602 – Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur (b. 1558)
- 1605 – Orazio Vecchi, Italian composer (b. 1550)
- 1622 – Henry Savile, English scholar and politician (b. 1549)
- 1672 – Charles Chauncy, English-American minister, theologian, and academic (b. 1592)
- 1709 – Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Japanese shōgun (b. 1646)
- 1716 – Dorothe Engelbretsdatter, Norwegian author and poet (b. 1634)[43]
- 1785 – Mary, Countess of Harold, English aristocrat and philanthropist (b. 1701)[44]
- 1789 – Nicholas Van Dyke, American lawyer and politician, 7th Governor of Delaware (b. 1738)
- 1799 – Jean-Charles de Borda, French mathematician, physicist, and sailor (b. 1733)
- 1806 – Elizabeth Carter, English poet and translator (b. 1717)[45]
- 1837 – Georg Büchner, German-Swiss poet and playwright (b. 1813)
- 1837 – Thomas Burgess, English bishop and philosopher (b. 1756)
- 1887 – Multatuli, Dutch-German author and civil servant (b. 1820)
- 1897 – Karl Weierstrass, German mathematician and academic (b. 1815)
- 1915 – Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Indian philosopher and politician (b. 1866)
- 1916 – Ernst Mach, Austrian-Czech physicist and philosopher (b. 1838)
- 1927 – Robert Fuchs, Austrian composer and educator (b. 1847)
- 1928 – George Howard Earle Jr., American lawyer and businessman (b. 1856)
- 1936 – Billy Mitchell, American general and pilot (b. 1879)
- 1945 – John Basilone, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1916)
- 1951 – André Gide, French novelist, essayist, and dramatist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869)
- 1952 – Knut Hamsun, Norwegian novelist, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859)
- 1953 – Richard Rushall, British businessman (b. 1864)
- 1957 – Maurice Garin, Italian-French cyclist (b. 1871)
- 1959 – Willard Miller, American sailor, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1877)
- 1962 – Georgios Papanikolaou, Greek-American pathologist, invented the Pap smear (b. 1883)
- 1969 – Madge Blake, American actress (b. 1899)
- 1970 – Ralph Edward Flanders, US Senator from Vermont (b. 1890) [46]
- 1972 – John Grierson, Scottish director and producer (b. 1898)
- 1972 – Lee Morgan, American trumpet player and composer (b. 1938)
- 1973 – Joseph Szigeti, Hungarian violinist (b. 1892)
- 1977 – Anthony Crosland, English author and politician, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (b. 1918)
- 1977 – Mike González, Cuban baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1890)
- 1980 – Bon Scott, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter (b. 1946)
- 1983 – Alice White, American actress (b. 1904)
- 1988 – André Frédéric Cournand, French-American physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)
- 1992 – Tojo Yamamoto, American wrestler and manager (b. 1927)
- 1994 – Derek Jarman, English director and set designer (b. 1942)
- 1996 – Charlie Finley, American businessman (b. 1918)
- 1997 – Leo Rosten, Polish-American author and academic (b. 1908)
- 1997 – Deng Xiaoping, Chinese politician, 1st Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China (b. 1904)
- 1998 – Grandpa Jones, American singer-songwriter and banjo player (b. 1913)
- 1999 – Mohammad Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr, Iraqi cleric (b. 1943)
- 2000 Friedensreich Hundertwasser, Austrian-New Zealand painter and illustrator (b. 1928)
- 2001 – Liza 'N' Eliaz, Belgian, transgender, hardcore DJ (b. 1958)[47]
- 2001 – Stanley Kramer, American director and producer (b. 1913)
- 2001 – Charles Trenet, French singer-songwriter (b. 1913)
- 2002 – Sylvia Rivera, American transgender LGBT activist (b. 1951)
- 2003 – Johnny Paycheck, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1938)
- 2007 – Janet Blair, American actress and singer (b. 1921)
- 2007 – Celia Franca, English-Canadian dancer and director, founded the National Ballet of Canada (b. 1921)
- 2008 – Yegor Letov, Russian singer-songwriter (b. 1964)
- 2008 – Lydia Shum, Chinese-Hong Kong actress and singer (b. 1945)
- 2009 – Kelly Groucutt, English singer and bass player (b. 1945)
- 2011 – Ollie Matson, American sprinter and football player (b. 1930)
- 2012 – Ruth Barcan Marcus, American philosopher and logician (b. 1921)
- 2012 – Jaroslav Velinský, Czech author and songwriter (b. 1932)
- 2012 – Vitaly Vorotnikov, Russian politician, 27th Prime Minister of Russia (b. 1926)
- 2013 – Armen Alchian, American economist and academic (b. 1914)
- 2013 – Park Chul-soo, South Korean director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1948)
- 2013 – Robert Coleman Richardson, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1937)
- 2013 – Donald Richie, American-Japanese author and critic (b. 1924)
- 2013 – Eugene Whelan, Canadian farmer and politician, 22nd Canadian Minister of Agriculture (b. 1924)
- 2014 – Kresten Bjerre, Danish footballer and manager (b. 1946)
- 2014 – Dale Gardner, American captain and astronaut (b. 1948)
- 2014 – Valeri Kubasov, Russian engineer and astronaut (b. 1935)
- 2015 – Harold Johnson, American boxer (b. 1928)
- 2015 – Nirad Mohapatra, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1947)
- 2015 – Harris Wittels, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1984)
- 2016 – Umberto Eco, Italian novelist, literary critic, and philosopher (b. 1932)
- 2016 – Harper Lee, American author (b. 1926)[48]
- 2016 – Chiaki Morosawa, Japanese anime screenwriter (b. 1959)
- 2016 – Samuel Willenberg, Polish-Israeli sculptor and painter (b. 1923)
- 2017 – Larry Coryell, American jazz guitarist (b. 1943)
- 2019 – Karl Lagerfeld, German fashion designer (b. 1933)[49]
- 2020 – José Mojica Marins, Brazilian filmmaker, actor, composer, screenwriter, and television horror host (b. 1936)[50]
- 2020 – Pop Smoke, American rapper (b. 1999) [51]
Holidays and observances
edit
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- ^ Adams, Nancy K.; de Silva, Shanaka L.; Self, Stephen; Salas, Guido; Schubring, Steven; Permenter, Jason L.; Arbesman, Kendra (2001-04-01). "The physical volcanology of the 1600 eruption of Huaynaputina, southern Peru". Bulletin of Volcanology. 62 (8): 493–518. Bibcode:2001BVol...62..493A. doi:10.1007/s004450000105. ISSN 1432-0819. S2CID 129649755. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
- ^ Marley, David (1998). Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the New World, 1492 to the Present. ABC-CLIO. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-87436-837-6. Archived from the original on 2021-09-27. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
- ^ Treaty of Westminster. Archived from the original on 2021-09-15. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
- ^ "Napuen taistelu (1714)". KulturNav (in Swedish). Archived from the original on February 19, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
- ^ "Letters Patent | SA History Hub". sahistoryhub.history.sa.gov.au.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Ludlum, David M. (1 April 1975). "The Great Tornado Outbreak on 19 February 1884". Weatherwise. 28 (2): 84–87. Bibcode:1975Weawi..28b..84L. doi:10.1080/00431672.1975.9931742. ISSN 0043-1672.
- ^ "Georgia Literature Commission". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 2020-05-07. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
- ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747-249F N807FT Kuala Lumpur Subang International Airport (KUL)". aviation-safety.net. Archived from the original on 2019-12-14. Retrieved 2020-01-13.
- ^ "'It was her spirit': Myanmar teen shot by police was determined to protest coup". Reuters. 2021-02-10. Retrieved 2021-02-16.
- ^ Karandikar, Shivaram Laxman (1969). The Rise and Fall of the Maratha Power, Volume 1. Poona: Sitabai Shivram Karandikar. p. xiii. OCLC 102794.
- ^ Halpenny, Francess G.; Hamel, Jean (1990). Dictionary of Canadian Biography / Dictionaire Biographique du Canada: Volume VII, 1836 - 1850. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 1033. ISBN 978-0-80203-461-8.
- ^ kevin (2014-08-26). "Lydia Thompson, the "Father of All Drag Kings"?". Operetta Research Center. Archived from the original on 2019-04-23. Retrieved 2019-04-23.
- ^ McVicker, Mary Frech (2016). Women Opera Composers: Biographies from the 1500s to the 21st Century. Jefferson: McFarland. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-78649-513-9.
- ^ Haftmann, Werner (1966). Painting In The Twentieth Century. London: Praeger Publishers. p. 409. ISBN 978-0-27588-730-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Famous birthdays for Feb. 19: Seal, Eric Lange". UPI. 19 February 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
- ^ "National Library of NZ". Retrieved February 19, 2023.
- ^ Reddy, Ravi (3 February 2023). "Filmmaker par excellence: Kalatapasvi Viswanath no more". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
- ^ "Chung Hse Obituary - Austin, TX". Dignity Memorial. Retrieved 2024-03-10.
- ^ "Erin Pizzey". Gale Literature: Contemporary Authors (Collection). Gale. 2004. ISBN 9780787639952. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Rose, Mike (19 February 2023). "Today's famous birthdays list for February 19, 2023 includes celebrities Millie Bobby Brown, Victoria Justice". The Plain Dealer. Associated Press. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
- ^ "Barry Lloyd". 11v11.com. Archived from the original on 1 September 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
- ^ "Cristina Fernández de Kirchner". Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers. 25 February 2020. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
- ^ "Jennifer Doudna | American biochemist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 7 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
- ^ "'Extreme Makeover: Home Edition' designer dies after Palm Springs stabbing". ABC7 Los Angeles. 2024-09-26. Retrieved 2024-10-04.
- ^ "Tye Dillinger". ESPN. 10 April 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
- ^ "Britain's most prolific rapist jailed for life following historic CPS prosecution | The Crown Prosecution Service". www.cps.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 2020-01-07. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
- ^ "Jawad Williams". National Basketball Association. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
- ^ "Kosta Perovic". National Basketball Association. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
- ^ "Linus Klasen". National Hockey League. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
- ^ "Josh Reddick". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
- ^ "Sone Aluko". soccerbase.com. Archived from the original on 31 August 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
- ^ "Adreian Payne". National Basketball Association. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
- ^ "Estonia - T. Trutsi - Profile". Soccerway. Archived from the original on 8 March 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
- ^ "Nikola Jokic". ESPN.com. Archived from the original on 18 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
- ^ Mabel [@Mabel] (20 February 2016). "On February 19th 20 yrs ago this beautiful woman gave birth to me. I'M 20 NOW PEEPS 💟" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "D.J. Wilson". National Basketball Association. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
- ^ "Katharina Gerlach". WTA. 2018-07-16. Archived from the original on 2019-03-08. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
- ^ "이강인". Naver (in Korean). Archived from the original on February 19, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
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