Windows 1.0:修订间差异 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书


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| version of = [[Microsoft Windows]]

| name = Windows 1.0

| logo = Windows logo and wordmark - (1985-1989).svg{{skin-invert}}

| logo_size = 200px

| logo alt = Microsoft Windows 1.0版本的标志

| screenshot = Microsoft Windows 1.0 screenshot.png

| caption = Windows 1.0的截图

| developer = [[微软]]

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| support status = 2001年12月31日后停止支持

}}

'''Windows 1.0'''是[[Microsoft Windows]]的首个主要版本,但其本身并不是[[操作系统]],而是基于[[MS-DOS]]内核的[[图形用户界面|图形]]应用程序[[桌面环境|环境]]。它于1985年11月20日在美国[[生产商发放|首次发布]],而欧洲版本于1986年5月以Windows 1.02的形式发布。

Windows 1.0的开发始于1982年的[[COMDEX|计算机经销商博览会]],[[微软]]的联合创始人[[比尔·盖茨]]看到了类似软件{{Le|Visi On}}的演示。1983年11月,Windows 1.0首次公开亮相,并得到了一些硬件和软件制造商的支持。但其推迟到两年后才发行。Windows 1.0以[[16位元|16位]][[殼層|外壳]]程序的形式在[[实模式]]下运行。该环境中能够运行为Windows设计的图形程序以及先前的MS-DOS软件,各个程序窗口只能{{Le|平铺窗口管理器|Tiling window manager|平铺排列}}而不能{{Le|堆叠窗口管理器|Stacking window manager|堆叠排列}};同时引入了[[多任务处理]],并支持[[鼠标]],还包括一些内置程序,如[[小算盤|计算器]]、[[画图]]、[[微軟記事本|记事本]]。Windows 1.0共发布了四个版本,后续版本中主要添加了对新硬件及其他语言的支持。

Windows 1.0反响平平:批评主要聚焦于其软件兼容性和性能问题,而现代的科技媒体普遍认可它在[[Microsoft Windows的历史|Windows历史]]上的地位。它的最后一个版本是1.04,随后被1987年12月发布的[[Windows 2.0]]所取代。Windows 1.0于2001年12月31日终止支持,是支持时间最长的Windows版本。

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[[File:Microsoft Windows 1.0 page1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|alt=1986年1月发行的Windows 1.0宣传册封面,上方为英文「Microsoft Introduces Power Windows.」,意为「微软推出了强大的Windows」,下方印刷有一台运行着Windows 1.0的计算机、一副眼镜、一张Windows 1.0的安装软盘|1986年1月发行的Windows 1.0宣传册封面]]

早在20世纪80年代左右,[[个人电脑|计算机]]正从[[字符用户界面]]过渡到[[图形用户界面]]。{{r|mynavi20130306}}1981年,[[微软]]就有产生了开发基于[[位图]]的[[图形用户界面]]计划想法。{{r|Alsop19880118}}1982年的[[COMDEX|计算机经销商博览会]]上,微软的联合创始人[[比尔·盖茨]]看到了{{Le|Visi On}}的演示,这是由{{Le|VisiCorp}}开发的一套-{}-用于[[IBM PC兼容机]]的图形用户界面软件套件。这启发微软开发自己的图形界面。{{r|theverge20121120|iprogrammer20231112}}受限于当时的计算机配置,微软将这套图形界面定位为具有启动器功能的扩展模块,并着手开始开发。{{r|mynavi20130306}}1983年初,[[苹果电脑公司]]发布了[[Apple Lisa]]。这款产品的图形用户界面同样基于位图,并借鉴了[[帕羅奧多研究中心|施乐公司]]的研究成果,取-{}-得了长足进展;{{r|Alsop19880118|tweaktown20230122}}不过其售价高昂,很多用户望而却步。微软希望开发出经济实惠更便宜的产品,同时也需要有[[產品差異化|独特之处]]。{{r|Alsop19880118|neowin20231110}}同年8月,比尔·盖茨招募了{{Le|斯科特·A·麦格雷戈|Scott A. McGregor}}作为新图形界面的开发团队负责人,他是{{Le|施乐之星|Xerox Star}}中[[视窗系统]]的关键开发人员之一。{{r|Wallace1993|pp=253–255|Hey2014|p2=157|infoworld19840507}}在视窗系统开发前,这套图形界面被简单地称为「界面管理器」({{Lang|en|Interface Manager}})。{{r|thehmccompany|informit20090803}}{{Notetag|微软可能还考虑过其他名称,例如在提供给{{le|Byte (杂志)|BYTE|BYTE}}的测试软盘中,将其称为「窗口管理器」({{Lang|en|Window Manager}})。<!--一手来源:https://web.archive.org/web/20220816202615/https://twitter.com/beta_collector/status/1501618247564767238-->{{r|sspai20240506}}}}麦格雷戈将自己先前开发的视窗系统称为「Windows」,同时微软营销副总裁{{Le|罗兰·汉森|Rowland Hanson}}也提议使用「Windows」这一名称:该词在软件中频繁出现;同时该词在英语中很常用,因此当[[大眾媒體|媒体]]提及该产品时,必须在前加上公司名称「Microsoft」以避免混淆,这样能够提高微软的知名度。比尔·盖茨接受了这个意见,将该产品命名为[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]。{{r|Wallace1993|pp=242–245|howtogeek20220207|sspai20240506|howtogeek20220207}}

1983年9月,微软首次向媒体展示了窗口管理器Windows原型,其用户界面类似于[[Multiplan]]以及其他当时的微软应用,屏幕底端有命令栏;同时还能够同时显示多个应用程序窗口,既可以{{Le|堆叠窗口管理器|Stacking window manager|堆叠排列}},也可以{{Le|平铺窗口管理器|Tiling window manager|平铺排列}}。{{r|byte198312}}这个用户界面概念很快被重新设计,只支持平铺窗口,并将类似Multiplan的命令栏更改为标题栏下的菜单栏。{{r|Markoff198311}}许多观点认为,微软做出这一决定是为了避免与[[Classic Mac OS]]雷同。{{r|sspai20240506|howtogeek20210824}}不过根据微软工作人员{{Le|坦迪·特罗尔|Tandy Trower}}的说法,这可能只是早期[[项目经理]]的偏好。{{r|howtogeek20210824|technologizer20100309}}重新设计后的环境在1983年11月的秋季[[COMDEX|计算机经销商博览会]]上首次公开亮相。{{r|Markoff198311}}最初,微软将这款软件称为[[MS-DOS 2.0]]的[[设备驱动程序]],需要192[[千字节|KB]]的[[随机存取存储器|内存]]和两个[[软盘驱动器]]。当运行「行为良好」(仅使用MS-DOS的[[系统调用]])的程序时,Windows能够[[协作式多任务|同时处理多个平铺窗口的任务]];当运行「行为不良」(不使用MS-DOS的系统调用,而是直接操作硬件地址以控制硬件)的程序时,Windows会让其全屏运行。通过这种方式,Windows能够运行MS-DOS中的应用程序。这让Windows从Visi On和Apple Lisa中脱颖而出。同时,与Visi On不同,Windows开发人员不需要使用[[Unix]]开发IBM PC应用程序。微软计划在第三方应用程序中不再强制要求使用微软的[[用户界面]],以鼓励包括竞争对手在内的其他公司开发Windows程序。{{r|byte198312}}

一些MS-DOS计算机制造商(包括[[康柏]]、{{Le|增你智資料系統|Zenith Data Systems|增你智}}<!-- Zenith Data Systems,似乎无官方译名,此处采用WikiData上的译名 -->、[[迪吉多]])和软件公司(包括{{Le|阿什顿-泰特|Ashton-Tate}}<!-- Ashton-Tate,似乎无官方译名,此处采用WikiData上的译名 -->、[[蓮花軟體|莲花]])承诺提供对Windows的支持。{{r|Markoff198311}}1983年12月,{{Le|BYTE (杂志)|Byte (magazine)|BYTE}}杂志在预览Windows后,称其「似乎提供了非凡的开放性、可重新配置性、[[可移植性]],以及合适的硬件要求和定价……除非其他公司推出让人惊喜的产品,否则Windows将优先在大范围内测试[[桌面比拟]]这一概念。」{{r|byte198312}}Windows刚诞生时,比尔·盖茨就将其视为微软的未来。他在1984年4月告诉{{Le|InfoWorld}}杂志:「我们公司的战略和资源完全倾向于Windows,就像我们专注于MS-DOS和[[Xenix]]之类的操作系统[[内核]]一样。我们也强调,只有充分利用Windows的应用程序才能长期保持竞争力。」{{r|infoworld19840402}}但[[IBM]]并未出现在支持硬件制造商的名单中。{{r|Markoff198311}}IBM最初拒绝在其销售的设备上预装Windows,转而开发自己的产品{{Le|IBM TopView|3=TopView}}。{{r|technologizer20100309}}微软称Windows与TopView不同,强调其目的不是[[多任务处理]],而是「让计算机成为内存占用较少且[[图形]]丰富的环境」。{{r|pcmagazine19841225}}到了1984年末,Windows、TopView、[[數位研究公司|数字研究公司]]的{{Le|Graphics Environment Manager}}这三款[[视窗系统]]间存在竞争,有媒体称之为「视窗之战」({{Lang|en|War of the Windows}})。{{r|pcmagazine19841225}}麦格雷戈于1985年1月离开团队后,[[史蒂夫·鲍尔默]]接替了他的位置。{{r|technologizer20100309}}后来,微软说服IBM需要图形用户界面,{{r|Alsop19880118}}两家公司联合开发[[OS/2]],并于1987年12月完成了初代版本,旨在取代MS-DOS和Windows。{{r|time20120402|fudzilla20240130}}

微软曾在1983年11月承诺于1984年4月前发布Windows,{{r|Markoff198311}}然而,由于各种设计修改,其发布日期推迟,{{r|Hofer20041216}}因此获得了被称为「[[Vaporware]]」的称号。{{r|sspai20240506}}

=== 版本发布 ===

* 1985年11月20日,微软发布了首个零售版本Windows 1.01,面向美国市场销售,售价为99美元({{Inflation/year|US}}年约合{{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|99|1985}}}}美元{{Inflation/fn|US}})。{{r|howtogeek20210824|zdnet20151119}}

* 1986年5月,微软发布了Windows 1.02,主要针对欧洲市场,该版本增加了对其他语言的支持。{{r|Hofer20041216|computerworld20210629}}

* 1986年8月,微软发布了Windows 1.03,其包含了一些增强功能,包括支持非美国键盘{{r|go6420191125}}、添加一些[[显示器]]和[[打印机]]的[[驱动程序]],从而取代了美国的1.01版本和欧洲的1.02版本,使得国际版本保持一致。{{r|Windows1.0.3|p=README.txt|q=A number of additional device drivers have been added […] Version 1.03 of Windows supports all of the features of and replaces both the 1.01 version of Windows shipped in the US, and the 1.02 version shipped in Europe.}}同时,微软也与[[日本电气]]联合制作了[[日语]]版,并于1986年11月发售。{{r|mynavi20130306}}

* 1987年4月,微软发布了Windows 1.04,其增加了对[[PS/2|IBM PS/2]]的支持。{{r|Hofer20041216|pcmagazine19870526}}<!--{{Citation needed|但没有支持PS/2鼠标和VGA显示标准。|time=2024-05-27}}1987年5月27日,IBM发布了该系统的[[代工生产|OEM]]版本,额外支持了VGA和[[多色图形适配器|MCGA]]这两种显示标准以及PS/2鼠标,同时添加了[[IBM 8514|8514]]/A显示驱动程序。IBM将这一版本的安装包写入三张3.5英寸的720k软盘,并作为“个人出版系统”和“学生套装”捆绑销售。{{r|IBM}}{{Primary source-inline|time=2024-05-27}} **编者注**:IBM的OEM版本似乎无第三方可靠来源介绍,仅有一手来源及论坛讨论,故暂时隐藏相关内容。-->

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Windows 1.0本身并不是操作系统,而是图形应用程序环境。{{r|howtogeek20210824}}其基于[[MS-DOS]][[内核]],{{r|Shinder2003|p=5|q=Windows 1.0 was not an OS in itself; it was an extension of DOS - a graphical shell that ran on top of DOS.|theguardian20141002}}以[[16位元|16位]][[殼層|外壳]]程序的形式在[[实模式]]下运行。{{r|theverge20151119|devblogs20110316}}Windows 1.0允许多个程序同时运行,是[[多任务处理]]的早期想法。{{r|howtogeek20210824|O'Regan2016|p2=220}}<!--{{Citation needed|对于后来的{{Le|原生|Native (computing)|原生程序}},系统能够创建交互[[范式]](参见[[Microsoft Windows的訊息迴圈|消息循环]])、执行模型、稳定的[[应用程序接口]]。|time=2024-05-27}} **编者注**:有来源(Www Networkdictionary Com, J. (2007). Network Dictionary. 美國: Javvin Press.)复制了英文维基百科上的无来源内容,小心循环引用。-->各个程序窗口只能平铺在屏幕上,不能堆叠或重叠。程序中的内容会会自动调整大小以适应可用空间。{{r|howtogeek20210824}}程序最小化后,其图标会出现在屏幕底部的水平线上,类似于现代的[[Windows任务栏]]。{{r|sspai20240506|Hofer20041216}}该[[操作环境]]支持[[鼠标]],用户能够使用鼠标在屏幕上单击。{{r|techxplore20210624}}与现代Windows操作系统不同,Windows 1.0中必须按住鼠标按钮才能显示所选[[菜单 (计算机)|菜单]]。{{r|Hofer20041216}}

Windows 1.0包含简单的程序启动器和[[文件管理器]]——MS-DOS Executive,在其中打开[[.exe]][[可执行文件]]将启动应用程序窗口。{{r|howtogeek20210824}}Windows 1.0也附带了[[计算器 (Windows)|计算器]]、[[画图]]、[[微軟記事本|记事本]]、[[书写器]]、[[虚拟终端|终端]]、时钟、{{Le|卡片档案|Cardfile}}等程序。{{r|zdnet20151119|Bangia2007|p2=17}}系统中还包含RAMDrive(用于管理[[存储卡]],突破内存限制)、[[剪贴板]]、打印后台处理程序等[[实用程序]]。{{r|zdnet20151119}}Windows 1.0内置了《[[黑白棋 (1985年游戏)|黑白棋]]》这一依赖于鼠标控制的[[电子游戏]],旨在让用户学习如何移动鼠标以及单击屏幕元素;{{r|wizardit20210917}}同时,《[[權力平衡 (遊戲)|权力平衡]]》可能是唯一一款在Windows 1.0上发行的商业游戏。{{r|howtogeek20210824}}Windows 1.0引入了[[控制面板 (Windows)|控制面板]],能够配置环境功能。{{r|informit20090803}}由于Windows的[[向下兼容性]],现代Windows上很有可能能够直接执行Windows 1.0的[[可执行文件|二进制程序]],并且仅需做很少修改即可将[[源代码]]重新[[编译]]为功能相同的「现代」应用程序。{{r|pcmagazine19950516}}

Windows 1.0还包含三个[[动态链接库]],分别为KERNEL.EXE、USER.EXE、GDI.EXE。{{r|charlespetzold20051107}}其中KERNEL.EXE包含了诸如任务处理、[[内存管理]]、[[電腦檔案|文件]][[I/O|输入和输出]]等功能,USER.EXE提供了[[用户界面]]接口,GDI.EXE提供了[[图形设备接口]]。{{r|Petzold1996|p=87|McFedries2006|p2=66}}[[Microsoft Windows SDK|Windows 1.0 SDK]]中包含了这些文件的[[调试]]版本,可以用来替换安装盘上的相应文件。{{r|developmentkitguide|pp=13,200}}安装程序合并了多个系统文件,以便加快启动速度。使用Windows 1.0 SDK提供的调试版本KERNEL.EXE,可以创建Windows 1.0的「慢启动」版本,其系统文件未经合并。{{r|developmentkit|p=README.TXT}}Windows 1.0可以移动内存中的程序代码和数据段,以允许程序共享位于动态链接库中的代码和数据;{{r|pcmagazine19891212}}同时能够按需将代码从磁盘中加载,并在内存不足时将其丢弃。{{r|devblogs20110316}}

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== 系统需求 ==

Windows 1.0的官方系统要求如下{{r|mynavi20130306|microsoft20110923|edn20191120|pcmagazine19940628|pcweek19860819}}<!--{{r|IBM}}-->

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%"

|+最低系统要求

! style="width: 10%;" |

! Windows 1.01{{r|microsoft20110923|edn20191120|pcmagazine19940628}}

! Windows 1.02{{r|pcweek19860819}}

! Windows 1.03{{r|microsoft20110923|pcmagazine19940628}}

! Windows 1.04

! Windows 1.04<!--{{r|IBM}}-->{{r|microsoft20110923|pcmagazine19940628}}

|-

! '''处理器'''

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* [[System 1]]

* {{Le|IBM TopView}}

== 注释 ==

{{NoteFoot}}

== 参考资料 ==

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<ref name="pcweek19860819">{{Cite magazine |last=Sullivan |first=Kristina B. |date=1986-08-19 |title=Windows receives graphics upgrade |dead-url=no |magazine={{le|PC Week}} |language=en-US |publisher=Ziff-Davis |volume=3 |issue=33 |page=8 |issn=1530-6283}}</ref>

<!--书籍-->

<ref name="Hey2014">{{Cite book |title=The Computing Universe: A Journey Through a Revolution |url=https://archive.org/details/computingunivers0000heya |last=Hey |first=Tony |last2=Pápay |first2=Gyuri |date=2014-12-08 |publisher=[[劍橋大學出版社|Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=9781316123225 |location=New York |language=en-GB |oclc=899007268}}</ref>

<ref name="Bangia2007">{{Cite book |title=Operating Systems and Software Diagnostics |last=Bangia |first=Ramesh |last2=Singh |first2=Balvir |publisher=Firewall Media |year=2007 |isbn=978-8131802250 |location=Boston |language=en-US}}</ref>

<ref name="Elliott2011">{{Cite book |title=Across the Divide: Navigating the Digital Revolution as a Woman, Entrepreneur and CEO |last=Elliott |first=Susan S. |publisher=Autobiographical Publishing Company |year=2011 |isbn=978-1864704556 |location=Australia |language=en-US |oclc=778314925}}</ref>

第143行 ⟶ 第146行:

<ref name="Petzold1996">{{Cite book |title=Programming Windows 95 |last=Petzold |first=Charles |year=1996 |publisher=Microsoft Press |others=Charles Petzold |isbn=1-55615-676-6 |edition=4 |location=Redmond, Washington |language=en-US |oclc=33947413}}</ref>

<ref name="Shinder2003">{{Cite book |title=MCSA/MCSE managing and maintaining a Windows server 2003 environment : exam 70-290 study guide and DVD training |last=Shinder |first=Thomas W. |publisher=Syngress |others=Debra Shinder Littlejohn, Jeffrey A. Martin |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-08-047925-5 |location=Rockland, Massachusetts |language=en-US |oclc=55664320}}</ref>

<ref name="Wallace1993">{{Cite book |title=Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire |url=https://archive.org/details/harddrivebillgat00wall |last=Wallace |first=James |last2=Erickson |first2=Jim |date=1993-06-01 |publisher=Harper Business |isbn=978-0887306297 |location=New York |language=en-US |oclc=27431749}}</ref>

<!--网络来源-->

<ref name="charlespetzold20051107">{{Cite web |title=Windows 1.0 and the Applications of Tomorrow |url=http://www.charlespetzold.com/etc/Windows1/index.html |website=Charles Petzold |date=2005-11-07 |language=en |author-link=查尔斯·佩措尔德 |last=Petzold |first=Charles |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051124065742/http://www.charlespetzold.com/etc/Windows1/index.html |archive-date=2005-11-24 |access-date=2022-04-24}}</ref>

<ref name="cnet20131120">{{Cite news |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57613051-75/windows-1.0-the-flop-that-created-an-empire/ |title=Windows 1.0: The flop that created an empire |last=Cooper |first=Charles |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |date=2013-11-20 |accessdate=2014-03-18 |language=en-US |website=[[CNET]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212234225/http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57613051-75/windows-1.0-the-flop-that-created-an-empire/ |archive-date=2014-02-12}}</ref>

<ref name="computerworld20210629">{{Cite web |title=Should your business upgrade to Windows 11? |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/3623288/should-your-business-upgrade-to-windows-11.html |website=[[Computerworld]] |date=2021-06-29 |language=en-US |last=Vaughan-Nichols |first=Steven J. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408164707/https://www.computerworld.com/article/3623288/should-your-business-upgrade-to-windows-11.html |archive-date=2022-04-08 |access-date=2022-04-15}}</ref>

<ref name="cultofmac20190703">{{Cite news |url=https://www.cultofmac.com/636206/microsoft-windows-1-0-rerelease/ |title=Microsoft takes on macOS Catalina with Windows 1.0 |last=Hardy |first=Ed |date=2019-07-03 |accessdate=2024-05-25 |language=en-US |website=Cult of Mac |archive-date=2022-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226100601/https://www.cultofmac.com/636206/microsoft-windows-1-0-rerelease/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name="devblogs20110316">{{Cite web |title=What's up with the mysterious inc bp in function prologues of 16-bit code? |url=https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20110316-00/?p=11203 |website=Microsoft Developer Blogs |date=2011-03-16 |language=en |last=Chen |first=Raymond |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026110234/https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20110316-00/?p=11203 |archive-date=2020-10-26 |access-date=2022-05-05}}</ref>

<ref name="digitalspy20151120">{{Cite news |url=http://www.digitalspy.com/tech/operating-systems/a774703/microsoft-windows-turns-30-years-old-today/ |title=Microsoft Windows turns 30 years old today |last=Langshaw |first=Mark |date=2015-11-20 |accessdate=2022-04-17 |language=en-GB |website=[[數碼間諜|Digital Spy]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417151723/https://www.digitalspy.com/tech/operating-systems/a774703/microsoft-windows-turns-30-years-old-today/ |archive-date=2022-04-17}}</ref>

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<ref name="iprogrammer20231112">{{Cite web |title=Microsoft Windows Announced 40 Years Ago |url=https://www.i-programmer.info/news/82-heritage/16748-microsoft-windows-announced-40-years-ago.html |website=I Programmer |date=2023-11-12 |language=en |last=Gee |first=Sue |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209110640/https://www.i-programmer.info/news/82-heritage/16748-microsoft-windows-announced-40-years-ago.html |archive-date=2023-12-09 |access-date=2024-04-29 |dead-url=no}}</ref>

<ref name="microsoft20110923">{{Cite web |title=Windows Version History |url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/32905 |website=Microsoft Support |date=2011-09-23 |language=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107143753/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/32905 |archive-date=2006-11-07 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |edition=4.0}}</ref>

<ref name="neowin20231110mynavi20130306">{{Cite web |title=A quick look back at the official announcement of Microsoft Windows 1.0 40 years ago today |url=https://wwwnews.neowinmynavi.netjp/newsarticle/a-quick-look-back-at-the-official-announcement-of-microsoft-windows-10-40-years-ago20130306-todayoswindows/ |website={{lelang|Neowinja|マイナビニュース}} |date=20232013-1103-1006 |language=enja |lastauthor=Callaham{{lang|ja|阿久津良和}} |firstscript-title=Johnja:世界のOSたち - GUIの世界へ移行した「Windows 1.0」 |access-date=2024-0506-2702 |archive-date=20242021-0211-0618 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2024020609280220211118202755/https://wwwnews.neowinmynavi.netjp/newsarticle/a20130306-quick-look-back-at-the-official-announcement-of-microsoft-windows-10-40-years-ago-todayoswindows/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name="neowin20231110">{{Cite web |title=A quick look back at the official announcement of Microsoft Windows 1.0 40 years ago today |url=https://www.neowin.net/news/a-quick-look-back-at-the-official-announcement-of-microsoft-windows-10-40-years-ago-today/ |website={{le|Neowin}} |date=2023-11-10 |language=en |last=Callaham |first=John |access-date=2024-05-27 |archive-date=2024-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206092802/https://www.neowin.net/news/a-quick-look-back-at-the-official-announcement-of-microsoft-windows-10-40-years-ago-today/ |dead-url=no}}</ref>

<ref name="networkworld20101108">{{Cite news |url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/110810-windows-turns-25.html |title=Windows 1.0 turning 25: First experiences recalled |last=Brodkin |first=Jon |date=2010-11-08 |accessdate=2013-11-11 |language=en |website=NetworkWorld |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101110190232/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/110810-windows-turns-25.html |archive-date=2010-11-10}}</ref>

<ref name="pcgamer20220324">{{Cite news |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/this-windows-10-easter-egg-managed-to-stay-hidden-for-nearly-37-years/ |title=This Windows 1.0 easter egg managed to stay hidden for nearly 37 years |last=Litchfield |first=Ted |work=[[PC Gamer]] |date=2022-03-24 |accessdate=2022-04-16 |language=en-GB |archive-date=2022-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416153859/https://www.pcgamer.com/this-windows-10-easter-egg-managed-to-stay-hidden-for-nearly-37-years/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="sspai20240506">{{Cite web |title=Windows 设计史(一):从青涩到成熟(Windows 1.0—95) |url=https://sspai.com/post/87835 |website=少数派 |date=2024-05-06 |language=zh-Hans-CN |author=SUNTRISE |editor=PlatyHsu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506202557/https://sspai.com/post/87835 |archive-date=2024-05-06 |access-date=2024-05-10 |dead-url=no}}</ref>

<ref name="technologizer20100309">{{Cite web |title=The Secret Origin of Windows |url=https://www.technologizer.com/2010/03/08/the-secret-origin-of-windows/ |website=Technologizer |date=2010-03-09 |language=en-US |author-link=坦迪·特罗尔 |last=Trower |first=Tandy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925182708/https://www.technologizer.com/2010/03/08/the-secret-origin-of-windows/ |archive-date=2019-09-25 |access-date=2022-04-16}}</ref>

<ref name="techradar20151120">{{Cite news |url=https://www.techradar.com/news/software/operating-systems/windows-1-0-looking-back-at-the-os-that-started-it-all-1201091 |title=Windows 1.0: looking back at the OS that started it all |last=Hinks |first=Jamie |date=2015-11-20 |accessdate=2024-05-10 |language=en |website={{le|TechRadar}} |archive-date=2024-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525090500/https://www.techradar.com/news/software/operating-systems/windows-1-0-looking-back-at-the-os-that-started-it-all-1201091 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name="techradar20220319">{{Cite web |title=Almost 37 years after its launch, someone found an Easter egg in Windows 1.0 |url=https://www.techradar.com/news/almost-37-years-after-its-launch-someone-found-an-easter-egg-in-windows-10 |website={{le|TechRadar}} |date=2022-03-19 |language=en |last=Nield |first=David |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321042249/https://www.techradar.com/news/almost-37-years-after-its-launch-someone-found-an-easter-egg-in-windows-10 |archive-date=2022-03-21 |access-date=2022-03-21}}</ref>

<ref name="techxplore20210624">{{Cite web |title=From Windows 1.0 to Windows 10: A history of Microsoft's signature PC software |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2021-06-windows-history-microsoft-signature-pc.html |website=Tech Xplore |date=2021-06-24 |language=en |last=Molina |first=Brett |access-date=2024-05-25 |archive-date=2022-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004192637/https://techxplore.com/news/2021-06-windows-history-microsoft-signature-pc.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name="theguardian20141002">{{Cite web |title=From Windows 1 to Windows 10: 29 years of Windows evolution |url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/02/from-windows-1-to-windows-10-29-years-of-windows-evolution |website=The Guardian |date=2014-10-02 |language=en |last=Gibbs |first=Samuel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414091918/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/02/from-windows-1-to-windows-10-29-years-of-windows-evolution |archive-date=2022-04-14 |access-date=2022-04-16}}</ref>

<ref name="thehmccompany">{{Cite web |title=Windows is named Windows: But Why? |url=https://thehmccompany.com/windows-is-named-windows-but-why/ |website=The HMC Company |language=en |last=Hanson |first=Rowland |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328043228/https://thehmccompany.com/windows-is-named-windows-but-why/ |archive-date=2019-03-28 |access-date=2019-04-07}}</ref>

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<ref name="time20120402">{{Cite news |url=https://techland.time.com/2012/04/02/25-years-of-ibms-os2-the-birth-death-and-afterlife-of-a-legendary-operating-system/ |title=25 Years of IBM’s OS/2: The Strange Days and Surprising Afterlife of a Legendary Operating System |last=McCracken |first=Harry |date=2012-04-02 |accessdate=2024-04-28 |language=en-US |dead-url=no |website=[[時代雜誌|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128113323/https://techland.time.com/2012/04/02/25-years-of-ibms-os2-the-birth-death-and-afterlife-of-a-legendary-operating-system/ |archive-date=2022-11-28}}</ref>

<ref name="time20130507">{{Cite web |title=A Brief History of Windows Sales Figures, 1985-Present |url=https://techland.time.com/2013/05/07/a-brief-history-of-windows-sales-figures-1985-present |website=[[時代雜誌|Time]] |date=2013-05-07 |language=en-US |last=McCracken |first=Harry |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418124401/https://techland.time.com/2013/05/07/a-brief-history-of-windows-sales-figures-1985-present |archive-date=2022-04-18 |access-date=2022-04-17}}</ref>

<ref name="tweaktown20230122">{{Cite web |title=You can download the source code for the iconic Apple Lisa from 1983 |url=https://www.tweaktown.com/news/90102/you-can-download-the-source-code-for-iconic-apple-lisa-from-1983/index.html |website=TweakTown |date=2023-01-22 |language=en-US |last=Andreadls |first=Kosta |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530163829/https://www.tweaktown.com/news/90102/you-can-download-the-source-code-for-iconic-apple-lisa-from-1983/index.html |archive-date=2024-05-30 |access-date=2024-05-30}}</ref>

<ref name="wired20081210">{{Cite web |title=A History of Microsoft Windows |url=https://www.wired.com/2008/12/wiredphotos31/ |website=[[Wired]] |date=2008-12-10 |language=en-US |last=Calore |first=Michael |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624072746/https://www.wired.com/2008/12/wiredphotos31/ |archive-date=2021-06-24 |access-date=2022-04-17}}</ref>

<ref name="wizardit20210917">{{Cite web |title=PC Games Introduced with each Windows Release |url=https://www.wizardit.com/microsoft/games-included-with-windows-over-the-years/ |website=Wizard IT |date=2021-09-17 |language=en-GB |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604163906/https://www.wizardit.com/microsoft/games-included-with-windows-over-the-years/ |archive-date=2022-06-04 |access-date=2022-04-16}}</ref>

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{{Commons category|Microsoft Windows 1.0}}

* {{Youtube|id=ItuymzxNUYM|title=Microsoft Windows 1.04 demo}}

* [https://www.pcjs.org/disks/pcx86/windows/1.01/ Windows 1.01 模拟器] {{Wayback|url=https://www.pcjs.org/disks/pcx86/windows/1.01/ |date=20200113191453 }}{{En icon}}

{{History of Windows}}

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[[Category:2001年終止的產品與服務]]

[[Category:已停止開發的作業系統]]

{{Good article}}