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Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

(Kangxi radical 29, +0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 弓大 (NK), four-corner 17400 or 77400, composition )

  1. Kangxi radical #29, .
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №76
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 164, character 43
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3115
  • Dae Jaweon: page 374, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 390, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+53C8
simp. and trad.
Old Chinese
*kɯːʔ
*qʰɯːʔ
*qʰʷɯs
*ɢʷɯʔ, *qʷɯ
*ɢʷɯʔ
*ɢʷɯʔ
*ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs
*ɢʷɯs
*ɢʷɯs, *ɡʷɯ
*ɢʷɯs
*ɢʷɯs
*ɢʷɯs
*ɢʷɯs
*ɢʷɯs
*ɢʷɯs
*qʰʷɯːʔ
*qʰʷɯːʔ, *ɡʷɯː
*ɡʷɯː
*ɢraːw, *ɢʷɯːʔ
*ɢʷɯʔ
*ɢʷɯʔ
*ɢʷɯʔ
*qʷɯ
*qʷɯ
*ɡʷɯ

Pictogram (象形) – a right hand. Original form of (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs, “right”).

Adverbial derivation of (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “to have; there is”) (Schuessler, 2007).



BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yòu
Middle
Chinese
‹ hjuwH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ-s/
English also, in addition

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 15603
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɢʷɯs/

  1. again; once more
    下雨  ―  Yòu xiàyǔ le!  ―  It's raining again!
      ―  xiǎng le yòu xiǎng  ―  to think and think; to deeply think about
    一次一次失敗 [MSC, trad.]
    一次一次失败 [MSC, simp.]
    yīcì yòu yīcì de shībài [Pinyin]
    failure after failure
  2. Used to express the coexistence of several conditions or qualities; both ... and ...
    聰明漂亮聪明漂亮  ―  cōngmíng yòu piàoliang  ―  smart and pretty
    饿  ―  yòu è yòu kě.  ―  I am hungry and thirsty.
    怎麼 [MSC, trad.]
    怎么 [MSC, simp.]
    yòu xiǎng qù, yòu bù xiǎng qù, gāi zěnme bàn? [Pinyin]
    I want to go, but I also don't want to go, what should I do?
  3. also; in addition
    ·科學家藝術家 [MSC, trad.]
    ·科学家艺术家 [MSC, simp.]
    Dá Fēnqí shì kēxuéjiā, yòu shì yìshùjiā. [Pinyin]
    Leonardo da Vinci was a scientist also an artist.
  4. Used between a whole number and a fraction
    小時分鐘小时分钟  ―  sì xiǎoshí yòu shí fēnzhōng  ―  four hours and ten minutes
      ―  èr yòu sān fēn zhī yī  ―  two and a third
  5. but; on the other hand
  6. Used in negative statements and rhetorical questions for emphasis
    這樣什麼好處 [MSC, trad.]
    这样什么好处 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhèyàng zuò duì nǐ yòu yǒu shénme hǎochù? [Pinyin]
    What good for you is there in doing that?
    唔係 [Cantonese, trad.]
    唔系 [Cantonese, simp.]
    go2 di1 je5 jau6 m4 hai6 ngo5 zou6, gwaan1 ngo5 me1 si6 ze1. [Jyutping]
    Why should I care about that! It's not like I did it.
    唔係冇錢 [Cantonese, trad.]
    唔系冇钱 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 jau6 m4 hai6 mou5 cin4. [Jyutping]
    It's not like I'm broke.
    [Cantonese]  ―  nei5 jau6 zi1? [Jyutping]  ―  Oh, you know this? (surprised tone)

Compared to (zài) which is used for something that has not happened, (yòu) is used for something that already happened.

Dialectal synonyms of (“again; once more”) [map]

Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing
Taiwan
Jilu Mandarin Jinan
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu
Wuhan
Guilin
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou
Hefei
Cantonese Guangzhou , 又試
Hong Kong , 又試
Yangjiang
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian
Jin Taiyuan
Northern Min Jian'ou ,
Eastern Min Fuzhou
Southern Min Xiamen , 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣
Quanzhou , 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣
Zhangzhou , 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣
Taipei GT, 閣再 GT, 又閣 GT
Singapore (Hokkien) , 閣再, 又閣
Manila (Hokkien) , 閣再
Chaozhou , 又再
Shantou
Wu Shanghai ,
Suzhou
Wenzhou
Xiang Changsha
Shuangfeng
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
  • (again): (zài)
Shinjitai  
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]

又󠄂
+&#xE0102;?
(Moji_Joho)
 
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See here for details.

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. again, as well
  2. and
  3. also
Kanji in this term
また
Grade: S
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)
  1. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “”, in 字通 (Jitsū)[1] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 389 (paper), page 244 (digital)
  3. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 268 (paper), page 146 (digital)

From Middle Chinese (MC hjuwH).

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [u(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Wikisource

(eumhun (tto u))

  1. hanja form? of (again; and, also) [affix]

Compounds

Both John B. Whitman and Alexander Francis-Ratté speculate of a connection to Proto-Japonic *wa (I; me), although Whitman and Francis-Ratté's belief that Korean and Japanese are genetically linked does not have consensus in the field.

(*wu)

  1. we, us

This term is given as a native Korean equivalent of the Chinese first-person pronouns and in plural contexts (Chinese not making the distinction morphologically) in three different sources of Korean-language interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Buddhist canon, made between the tenth and thirteenth centuries. Interpretive gugyeol encodes guidelines by which a Korean speaker could have read out a Classical Chinese text in its native Korean translation, much like Japanese kanbun. These three sources accordingly instruct the Korean reader to pronounce the Chinese first-person pronouns as or , allowing us to understand that this is the Old Korean word for "we; us".

The Middle Korean first-person plural pronoun 우리 (wuli, we; us) is almost certainly derived from it, although the second syllable remains as yet inexplicable.

  • Middle Korean: 우리 (wuli, we; us)
    • Korean: 우리 (uri, we; us)
  • 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop), 이전경 (Yi Jeon-gyeong), 하귀녀 (Ha Gwi-nyeo), 이용 (Yi Yong), 박진호 (Park Jin-ho), 김성주 (Kim Seong-ju), 장경준 (Jang Gyeong-jun), 서민욱 (Seo Min-uk), 이지영 (Yi Ji-yeong), 서형국 (Seo Hyeong-guk). (2009) 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN
  • 이병기 (Yi Byeong-gi) (2014) “구결자료의 어휘 [Gugyeol jaryo-ui eohwi, Vocabulary in the gugyeol sources]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 33, pages 23–61

: Hán Việt readings: hựu[1][2][3][4][5], hữu[5]
: Nôm readings: lại[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of hựu (again).
  2. Nôm form of lại (again).
  1. 1.0 1.1 Trần (2004).
  2. ^ Bonet (1899).
  3. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
  5. 5.0 5.1 Trần (1999).