留 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary


Article Images

See also: and

Stroke order (Japan)
 

(Kangxi radical 102, +5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹田 (HHW), four-corner 77602, composition ⿱⿰𠂎)

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 761, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21808
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1171, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2537, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+7559
Old Chinese
*mruːʔ
*mruːʔ
*mruːʔ
*mruːʔ, *m·ruʔ
*m̥ʰruːs
*m̥ʰruːs, *m·ruː, *m·rus
*m·rɯːw
貿 *mlus
*mlus
*m·ru
*m·ru, *m·rus
*m·ru
*m·ru
*m·ru
*m·ru
*ru
*m·ru, *m·rus
*m·ru
*m·ru
*m·ru
*m·ru
*m·ru
*m·ru, *m·rus
*m·ru, *m·ruʔ
*m·ru, *m·ruʔ
*m·ruʔ
*m·ruʔ
*m·ruʔ
*m·ruʔ, *m·rus
*m·rus
*m·rus
*m·rus
*m·rus

In bronze inscriptions, phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *m·ru, *m·rus) : phonetic (OC *mruːʔ) + semantic (field). Later in small seal script, phonetic (OC *luʔ) + semantic .

simp. and trad.
2nd round simp.
alternative forms

Note: liù - "belly fat".

Note:

  • lâu - vernacular;
  • liû - literary.

Note:

  • liu5 - literary;
  • lao5 - vernacular.

BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
liú
Middle
Chinese
‹ ljuw ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.ru/
English stay, remain

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 8882
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*m·ru/
Notes

  1. to stay; to remain
    北京二十五  ―  liú běijīng èrshíwǔ rì  ―  stay in Beijing for 25 days
  2. to ask someone to stay; to detain
  3. to keep; to save; to hold in reserve; to retain; to maintain
  4. to leave behind (a package, a message, an impression, etc.)
    可以電話 [MSC, trad.]
    可以电话 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ kěyǐ gěi wǒ liú ge diànhuà ma? [Pinyin]
    Can you give me your phone number?
  5. Short for 留學留学 (liúxué, “to study abroad”).
      ―  liúměi  ―  to study in the US
  6. to accept (a gift)
  7. to allow to grow
    鬍子胡子  ―  liú húzi  ―  to grow a beard
    頭髮 [Cantonese, trad.]
    头发 [Cantonese, simp.]
    zoeng1 tau4 faat3 lau4 dou3 lok6 jiu1 [Jyutping]
    have one's hair grow to waist-length
    頭髮头发 [Cantonese]  ―  lau4 coeng4 tau4 faat3 [Jyutping]  ―  to let one's hair grow long
  8. to concentrate (on something)
      ―  liúxīn  ―  to look out for
      ―  liúshén  ―  to take care; to be careful
  9. Alternative form of (liú)
  10. a surname
simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𢕍
𢔲


  1. (archaic) to wait; to await
simp. and trad.

  1. Alternative name for (mǎo).

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. detain
  2. fasten
  3. halt
  4. stop
  5. ateji (当て字) for ruble (unit of currency)

Compounds

(eumhun 머무를 (meomureul ryu), word-initial (South Korea) 머무를 (meomureul yu))

  1. hanja form? of / (stay)
  • (logographic variant used in Idu and Gugyeol texts)

(*-lwo)

  1. to; towards (directional case marker)
  2. by; with; using (instrumental case marker)

留 takes the vowel-initial allomorph 乙留 or 乙以 after a consonant, corresponding exactly to the Middle and Modern Korean allomorph 으로 (Yale: ulo) also appearing after a consonant.

Reconstruction notes

edit

Conventionally reconstructed as *-lwo after the Middle Korean reflex, although the source Chinese readings suggest a different vowel. Many scholars suggest *-lwu instead.

  • Middle Korean: (-lwo)
    • Korean: (ro)
  • 이승재 (Lee Seung-jae) (2000) “차자표기 자료의 격조사 연구 [chajapyogi jaryoui gyeokjosa yeon'gu, Study of case markers in the Chinese-based orthography [of Korean]]”, in Gugeo gungmunhak, volume 127, pages 107–132
  • 박지용 外 (Park Ji-yong et al.) (2012) 향가 해독 자료집 [hyangga haedok jaryojip, A Sourcebook of Hyangga Interpretations], Seoul National University, pages 199—200

: Hán Nôm readings: lưu

  1. to stay
  2. to detain; keep
  3. (computing); to save files