緬甸 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: 缅甸

		Burma; distant	imperial domain; suburb
trad. (緬甸)		緬	甸
simp. (缅甸)		缅	甸

A traditional view on the meaning of 緬／缅 (miǎn) is "far, remote" in Chinese, but a more convincing suggestion is that the syllable 緬／缅 (miǎn) is contracted from Burmese မြန်မာ (mranma, “Myanmar”). The last syllable 甸 (diàn) is possibly from Burmese တိုင်း (tuing:, “country, province”).^[1]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Miǎndiàn

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄉㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): min⁵ din⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): men² en⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Mién-thien

(Meixian, Guangdong): miên³ tiên⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): Miēng-diêng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Bián-tiān / Bián-tián

(Teochew, Peng'im): miêng² diêng⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶mi-di

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Miǎndiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄉㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Miǎndiàn
  - Wade–Giles: Mien³-tien⁴
  - Yale: Myǎn-dyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Meandiann
  - Palladius: Мяньдянь (Mjanʹdjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: min⁵ din⁶
  - Yale: míhn dihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: min⁵ din⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: min⁵ din⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːn¹³ tiːn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: men² en⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐben⁵⁵ en³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Mién-thien
  - Hakka Romanization System: mien^ˋ tien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mian³ tian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /mi̯en³¹ tʰi̯en⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: miên³ tiên⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /miɛn³¹ tʰiɛn⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Miēng-diêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mieŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t-)niɛŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bián-tiān
  - Tâi-lô: Bián-tiān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: biefndien
  - IPA (Taipei): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn²²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bián-tián
  - Tâi-lô: Bián-tián
  - Phofsit Daibuun: biefndiern
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: miêng² diêng⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miéng tiĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mieŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ tieŋ³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶mi-di
  - MiniDict: mi^去 di
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³mi-di
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mi²² di⁴⁴/

緬甸

Myanmar (a country in Southeast Asia)
緬甸盛產翡翠。／缅甸盛产翡翠。 ― Miǎndiàn shèngchǎn fěicuì. ― Jadeite is abundant in Myanmar.

上緬甸／上缅甸 (Shàng Miǎndiàn)
下緬甸／下缅甸 (Xià Miǎndiàn)
緬甸人／缅甸人 (Miǎndiànrén)
緬甸聯邦／缅甸联邦
緬甸語／缅甸语 (miǎndiànyǔ)

Others:

→ Manchu: ᠮᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᡩᡳᠶᠠᠨ (miyan diyan)
→ Zhuang: Menjden

^ Takao Itō: On Mien-tien (緬甸), One of the Chinese Appellations for Burma, 南方史研究, 1960, 2 号, p. 179-193, DOI: 10.11530/sea1959.1960.179

Kanji in this term
緬	甸
めん Hyōgai	でん Hyōgai
goon

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 緬甸／缅甸 (Miǎndiàn), some time after this term came to prominence in Chinese during the Ming Dynasty. Compare modern Mandarin reading Miǎndiàn, Cantonese min⁵ din⁶.^[1]

First mentioned in a text from 1798.^[2]

IPA^(key): [mẽ̞ndẽ̞ɴ]

緬(めん)甸(でん) • (Menden)

(historical, possibly obsolete) Myanmar (a country in Southeast Asia)

ミャンマー (Myanmā)

Kanji in this term
緬	甸
びるま
Hyōgai	Hyōgai
jukujikun

Ultimately from Burmese ဗမာ (ba.ma). The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), from the borrowed Chinese term Menden above.^[1]

(Tokyo) ビルマ [bíꜜrùmà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]
IPA^(key): [bʲiɾɯ̟ma̠]

緬甸(ビルマ) • (Biruma)

Dated spelling of ビルマ (Biruma).: Burma (a country in Southeast Asia)

ミャンマー (Myanmā)

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

緬甸 • (Myeonjeon) (hangeul 면전)

hanja form^? of 면전 (“Myanmar”)

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
緬	甸

緬甸

chữ Hán form of Miến Điện (“Myanmar”).