*weyd- (stative)[1][2][3]
- to see
- *wéyd-e-ti (thematic root present)[1][4]
- Proto-Celtic: *weideti (“to tell, relate”) (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Germanic: *wlītaną (“to see, look”) (#wl contamination perhaps from *wel- ~ *wl- (“to see”)[5]) (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *wlaitōną (“to search”) (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *wlitiz (“sight, appearance, face”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *wītaną (“to direct the attention to, to scold”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *wéidō
- Ancient Greek: εἴδομαι (eídomai, “to be seen, appear”)
- *wid-é-t (thematic root aorist)
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: եգիտ (egit, “to find”)
- Proto-Hellenic: *widon
- Ancient Greek: εἶδον (eîdon)
- Proto-Italic: *woidai (third person singular: *woide(d))
- Latin: vīdī (third person singular: vīdit)
- ⇒ Proto-Italic: *widēō[1] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háwidat
- *wi-né-d-ti ~ *wi-n-d-énti (nasal-infix present)[1][6][7]
- Armenian:
- Proto-Celtic: *windeti
- Proto-Brythonic: *gwɨbod (see there for further descendants)
- Old Irish: ro·finnadar (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *winátˢti
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: विन्दति (vindáti) (thematicised from weak stem)
- Proto-Iranian:
- Avestan:
- Old Avestan: 𐬬𐬍𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬍 (vīnastī)
- Younger Avestan: 𐬬𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌 (vinasti)
- Middle Persian: 𐫇𐫏𐫗𐫅𐫏𐫗𐫅 (wyndynd /windēnd/, 3pl.pres.ind.)
- Parthian: 𐫇𐫏𐫗𐫅𐫏𐫅 (wyndyd /windēd/, 3sg.pres.ind.)
- Northern Kurdish: -bîn-/-wîn-
- *woyd-éye-ti (eye-causative)[1]
- Celtic:
- Proto-Germanic: *waitijaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *waydáyati
- *wéyd-o-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wéiˀdas[9] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *weidos (see there for further descendants)
- *wéyd-os ~ *wéyd-es-os
- Proto-Hellenic: *wéidos
- Ancient Greek: εἶδος (eîdos, “appearance; sight”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáydas
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wáydas
- Sanskrit: वेदस् (védas, “knowledge, science”)
- Proto-Iranian: *wáydah
- Younger Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬜𐬀𐬵 (vaēδah)
- *wóyd-o-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáydas
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wáydas
- Sanskrit: वेद (véda, “knowledge”)
- *weyd-oh₂-lo-m
- *wéyd-ti-s ~ *wid-téy-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *waiˀstis
- Latvian: vēsts
- Proto-Slavic: *vě̏stь (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- *weyd-to-s
- Proto-Germanic: *wīsaz (“wise”) (see there for further descendants)
- *wéyd-tōr ~ *wid-tr-és (“viewer, witness”)
- *wéyd-tu-s ~ *wid-téw-s (“(act of) seeing, knowledge”)
- Proto-Celtic: *wissus (see there for further descendants)
- Italic:
- Latin: vīsus (see there for further descendants)
- *n̥-wid-eh₂-
- *wid-és-eh₂
- *n̥-wid-ḗs (<*n̥-wid-és-s)
- *né-wid-s
- *wid-m̥-h₃onh₂-
- *wid-ri-s
- *wid-ró-s
- Proto-Germanic: *witraz (see there for further descendants)
- *wid-tó-s
- *wid-yó-s
- Proto-Germanic: *witją (“knowledge; reason, sense, understanding; wit”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *widyáH (from *wid-y-éh₂)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *widyáH
- Sanskrit: विद्या (vidyā́, “knowledge, science; scholarship”)
- Unsorted formations
- Albanian:
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: գիւտ (giwt)
- Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Germanic: *wīsǭ (“manner, way”)
- Hellenic:
- Phrygian: wit-
- Proto-Tocharian: *wäwén-[10] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian: *wiäime (possibly)[11] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wayd-
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wayd-
- Proto-Iranian: *wayd- (see there for further descendants)
- Friedrich Kluge (1989) “wissen”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1125
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*u̯ei̯d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 665-667
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*u̯aid¹, *u̯aid²”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 408-410
- ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 717-722
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wēd-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 407
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “u̯el-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 675
- ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “*git-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 216
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wi-n-d-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 422-423
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “veidas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 494
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ūwe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 75-76
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “īme”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 71