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li
- (mathematics) The symbol for the logarithmic integral function.
- (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Limburgish.
An early romanization of Chinese Mandarin 里 (lǐ). As a Korean unit, via the Yale romanization of Korean 리 (ri), from the Chinese distance.
- (Korea): ri
li (plural lis or li)
- The Chinese mile, a traditional unit of distance equal to 1500 chis or 150 zhangs, now standardized as a half-kilometer (500 meters).
- Synonym: Chinese mile
1927, Chi Li, “Archaeological Survey of the Fêng River Valley, Southern Shansi, China”, in Explorations and Field-work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1926 (Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections)[1], volume 78, number 7, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, →OCLC, page 129:
It was a whole day's journey from I-ch'eng to Chü-wo which, in turn, is about 60 li east of Chiang Chou — one of the most important cities in southern Shansi and a center for curio-dealers.
1999 [1994], Heng (邹衡) Zou, “The Early Jin State Capital Discovered: a Personal Account”, in Roderick Whitfield, Wang Tao, transl., Exploring China's Past: New Discoveries and Studies in Archaeology and Art[2], Saffron Books, Eastern Art Publishing, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 106:
In 1979, while we were conducting our archaeological work in Yucheng and Quwo, Shanxi province, I noticed another historical record in the Kuodizhi (a comprehensive account of geography written in 641), which stated that "the ancient city of Tang was 20 li west of Yuchengxian in Jiangzhou."
2000, Shui-Bian Chen, “Learning and Transformation”, in David J. Toman, transl., The Son of Taiwan: The Life of Chen Shui-Bian and His Dreams for Taiwan[3], Taiwan Publishing Co., Ltd., →ISBN, →OCLC, page 40:
The two gods who accompany Matsu, one with eyes that can see 1000 li⁶ and the other with ears that can hear far over the horizon, represent empathy, observation, and feeling. Government should be like Matsu, equipped with acute powers of observation; see clearly to the bottom of issues, and know how to respond.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:li.
- The Korean mile, a traditional unit of distance equivalent to about 393 m.
- Synonym: Korean mile
1980, Il-sung Kim, “Meeting with My Comrades-in-Arms in North Manchuria”, in Kim Il Sung Works[4], volume 48, Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House, →OCLC, page 144:
While scaling the Laoyeling Mountains, the Chinese Worker-Peasant Red Army, under the command of Mao Ze-dong and Zhu De, was successfully stepping up the historic 25 000-li Long March in China proper, breaking through the surrounding rings formed by Chiang Kai-shek’s army.
li (plural li)
- A traditional Chinese unit of weight, equal to one-thousandth of a liang, or fifty milligrams.
li (plural li)
li (plural li)
- An ancient Chinese cauldron having three hollow legs.
Altered from la, with the vowel changed to signify a raised note.
li (uncountable)
Orel suggests from South Slavic, compare Serbo-Croatian lȉh (“exclusive”), lȋh (“false, odd”), Slovene lȋh (“uneven, odd”).[1] However, generally thought to be from Ancient Greek εὐλογία (eulogía) "blessing", with a euphemistic sense development.[2][3] Compare e.g. the euphemistic synonym "e lume" (the happy/blessed one)[4]
li f (definite lia)
- pox
- olive scab, peacock spot (Cycloconium oleaginum)
- Synonym: sypallua
hyponyms
- li e bardhë (“chicken pox”)
- li e dushkut (“chicken pox”)
- li e dhenve (“sheeppox”)
- li e madhe (“smallpox”)
- li e mirë (“chicken pox”)
- li e pyllit (“chicken pox”)
- li e ullirit (“olive scab, peacock spot”) (Cycloconium oleaginum)
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “lijë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 227
- ^ Eqrem Çabej, Studime etimologjike në fushë të shqipes, Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Gjuhësisë dhe i Letërsisë, 1996, page 168
- ^ Eqrem Çabej, Studime Filologjike, Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH, Instituti i Gjuhësisë dje i Letërsisë., 1990, page 99
- ^ Eqrem Çabej, Studime gjuhësore: Nga historia e gjuhës shqipe, Rilindja, 1977, page 22
Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin līnum.
li m (definite liri)
li
- him (indirect object)
From Latin illis, dative common plural of ille. Compare Romanian le.
li f (short/unstressed accusative form of eali)
- (direct object) them (all-female group)
Inherited from Latin illī, dative common singular of ille.
li (enclitic and proclitic)
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
From Latin illi, masculine plural of ille, from Old Latin olle. Cognates include Italian gli (“the, them”) and Romanian îi (“them”).
li
li
li m (uncountable)
- li (Chinese unit of distance)
From Italian lui, French lui, or Spanish le, plus the i of personal pronouns.
li (accusative lin, possessive lia)
- (personal pronoun) he
- Li is traditionally used as both a masculine and a gender-neutral pronoun, but since the 1970s generic usage has sometimes been criticized and is increasingly being avoided and replaced by "ĝi" and or "oni" and or "li aŭ ŝi". Some people (reformists) think this is an imperfect solution which is inappropriately long. In response to such criticisms, there have been various proposals for new pronouns, but the only proposal that has been gaining some adoption is ri.
- ili (“they”) (plural)
Borrowed from Mandarin 里 (lǐ).
li m (plural lis)
- li (Chinese unit of distance)
Probably from influence of Louisiana Creole li (“he, she, it”).
li (second person singular, objective case)
- “li”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
li
- (reintegrationist norm) first-person singular preterite indicative of ler
Guinea-Bissau Creole
From Portuguese ali. Cognate with Kabuverdianu li.
li
li (contracted form l)
li
- to read
From lu (“he, him, she, her, it, that”) + -i (“-s; plural”).
li pl
li
- masculine plural definite article
1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 40:
Ti me pari oûna dea infra li dai,
- You seem to me a goddess among the gods
From Latin illī, nominative masculine plural of ille.
- -li (enclitic)
- IPA(key): °/li/°
- Homophone: lì
- Rhymes: -i
- Hyphenation: li
- As an unstressed clitic, it does not trigger syntactic gemination of the following consonant. It also actively blocks syntactic gemination of its initial consonant, such as after a word like però (“but”) that would normally trigger syntactic gemination. (This does not apply to the enclitic form -li, e.g. dalli a me (“give them to me”).)
li m pl
- (accusative) them (masculine)
- Li ricordo. ― I remember them.
- Never elides.
Italian personal pronouns
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Combined | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Variant of gli.
li m pl (singular lo)
li m pl (singular lo)
li
- Misspelling of lì.
li
li
li
- Kumar, Pramod (2012) Descriptive and Typological Study of Jarawa[5] (PhD). Jawaharlal Nehru University. Page 85, 101—102.
From Portuguese ali.
li
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *lii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-liy. Cognate to Burmese လေး (le:, “bow”) and S'gaw Karen ချံၣ် (khleè, “bow”).
li
- K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin[6], Payap University, page 45
li
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “May be unrelated to French "il" or "lui".”)
li (third-person singular, plural yé, objective li, possessive sô, emphatic sokin, sochin)
- → French: li
- illi (after a word-final consonant cluster)
From Arabic اَلَّذِي (allaḏī, relative pronoun). Compare common dialectal Arabic اللي (illi, lli). The use as a conjunction is widely found in Maghrebi Arabic, so there is no reason to consider it a Romance influence (as might otherwise be thought; compare Italian che, which is both a relative pronoun and the conjunction “that”).
li
- (relative) who; which; that
- Dan huwa r-raġel li seraq il-karozza. ― That’s the man who stole the car.
- Din hija ħaġa li tħawwadni. ― This is something that confuses me.
2018, Antoinette Borg, Amina, Merlin Publishers, →ISBN:
Imnalla għajjatlu Fredu u kellu jwaqqaf l-eloġju ta’ nannuh, għax naħseb l-istorja li kien imiss kienet li għandu xi gżira privata.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Unlike standard Arabic, the relative pronoun is normally used also with indefinite referents (example sentence 2). However, it is optional in this case.
li
- that
- Nixtieq ngħidilha li nħobbha. ― I want to tell her that I love her.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 哩
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 裏/里
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 裡/里
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 里
li
- Nonstandard spelling of lī.
- Nonstandard spelling of lí.
- Nonstandard spelling of lǐ.
- Nonstandard spelling of lì.
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
li
li
- Eduard Conzemius, Ethnographical Survey of the Miskito and Sumu Indians (1932)
li
li
lí[1]
li
- Alternative form of 'i
li
From Old French li, from Vulgar Latin *illui, a Vulgar Latin dative of Classical Latin ille.
li
Cognate with Central Kurdish لە (le), from earlier *ne < *en. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *en.
- Rhymes: -ɪ
Central Kurdish | لە (le) |
---|
li
- in
- li Kurdistanê ― in Kurdistan
- an element of several prepositions and circumpositions
- In most cases, "li" refers to on rather than in. The more south it goes the more the sense becomes much more extensive; in Central Kurdish encapsulating from, on, in, over, etc. as a whole. Around more Northern dialects, (li) ser ("on top") is used to mean on and in those regions "li" especially has the meaning of in, often times replacing di in "di ... de" ("in, inside"), compare li ... de.
- "li" can be added pretty much before any preposition except di, ji, bi; as in li ber, li pêş, li dijî, li hember, etc., all of which can be used without the li.
li f or m (definite singular lia or lien, indefinite plural lier, definite plural liene)
- A sloping mountainside or hillside covered with grass or forest.
- “li” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
From Old Norse hlíð, from Proto-Germanic *hlīdō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱleytéh₂ (“something leaned, inclined”).
li f (definite singular lia, indefinite plural lier, definite plural liene)
- a sloping mountainside or hillside covered with grass or forest.
Historical inflection of li
indefinite singular | definite singular | indefinite plural | definite plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aasen1 | Lid | Lidi | Lider | Liderna | |
1901 | lider (lidir) | liderne (lidine) | |||
1917 | li | lia, lii | lier | liene | |
1938 | lia [lii] | ||||
2012 (current) | li | lia | lier | liene |
Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in [brackets] were official, but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. 1Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century.
From Old Norse líða, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną. The sense of suffering may be a loan from Middle Low German.
li (present tense lir, past tense lei, supine lidd or lidt or liden, past participle lidd or liden, present participle lidande, imperative li)
- (intransitive, of time) to pass, elapse
- (intransitive) to suffer
- (intransitive) to endure
- (intransitive) to tolerate, like
- “li” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
From Latin illī (“those”). The use for the nominative singular is due to a Vulgar Latin alteration of ille under the influence of the pronoun quī (“who, which”). The same influence (through the dative cui) also explains the Vulgar Latin forms mentioned in etymology 2 below. Doublet of il (“he”).
li
- the (masculine nominative singular and plural definite article)
Old French definite articles
Either directly from Latin illī, dative singular of ille (“that one”), or from reduction of Old French lui, lei, themselves from Vulgar Latin *illui, *illei. This depends on whether the innovative forms had replaced illī entirely in Gaul or whether they existed side by side with it. Compare Italian gli, Spanish le, Portuguese lhe.
li
li
- the (masculine nominative singular and plural definite article)
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *li.[1][2] First attested in 1395. Displaced by Polish czy.
li
- (attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) interrogative particle: introduces a yes-no question
1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter][7], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 72, 11:
Kaco bog we y iestli wedzene (si est scientia) na wysocosci?
- [Kako Bog wie? I jestli wiedzenie (si est scientia) na wysokości?]
1959 [1395], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 187, Poznań:
Kedi w wogewodi bili, tedi go szø pitali, moszeli goscza dafnoszcø sbicz
- [Kiedy u wojewody byli, tedy go się pytali, możeli gościa dawnością zbyć]
- (when reduplicated, attested in Pomerania, Greater Poland) whether … or
1930 [c. 1455], “I Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)[8], 14, 37:
Mamly boiowacz s Fylystinmy a podaszly ge (num persequar Philisthiim, si trades eos) w røce israhelske?
- [Mamli bojować z Filistynmi a podaszli je (num persequar Philisthiim, si trades eos) w ręce israhelskie?]
1930 [c. 1455-1460], Ortyle magdeburskie Vrtel 116-120, page 118:
Pytalysczye nasz...: Gyestly k themv mvrowanemv domv nyewyasthą blyszką, czyly thy tho dzyeczy, czyly prawo
- [Pytaliście nas...: Jestli k temu murowanemu domu niewiasta bliska, czyli ty to dzieci, czyli [co jest] prawo]
Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[10], page 694:
Nye vymy, gdzye y nam vyedzyono any vymy, yesczely zyw, albo yvzly vbyly
- [Nie wimy, gdzie ji nam wiedziono ani wimy, jeszczeli żyw, albo jużli ji ubili]
1874-1891 [15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności[11], [12], [13], volume XXIV, Grochów, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Kcynia, page 68:
Primo an liceat, moszeli, volnoli yest, secundo an deceat, podobnoli, tertio an expediat, pot[r]zebnoli
- [Primo an liceat, możeli, wolnoli jest, secundo an deceat, podobnoli, tertio an expediat, pot[r]zebnoli]
1930 [c. 1455], “Num”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)[14], 13, 19:
Opatrzicze... lvd, genze bydli w nyey, gestli silni, czili mdli, iestli mali, czili wyeliki (considerate... et populum, qui habitator est eius, utrum fortis sit, an infirmus, si pauci numero, an plures)
- [Opatrzycie... lud, jenże bydli w niej, jestli silny czyli mdły, jestli mały czyli wieliki (considerate... et populum, qui habitator est eius, utrum fortis sit, an infirmus, si pauci numero, an plures)]
1861 [1427], Pismo poświęcone naukom, sztukom i przemysłowi[15], volume III, Biblioteka Warszawska, page 40:
Szescz czlowyekow ranyono, o pyancz gich mowyą tim rasem, szostego *wygmugyo, czso leszy we szmyertnich ranach, bo nye wem, bądzeli szyw, abo umrze
- [Sześć człowiekow raniono, a pięć jich mowią tym razem, szostego wyjmują, cso leży we śmiertnych ranach, bo nie wiem, będzieli żyw, abo umrze]
- and; and also
Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[16], page 48:
Czczyenye o tem, gdzye Marya vtenczasz byla, kyedy anyol k nyey przyschedl, czoly czynyla albo myslyla
- [Czcienie o tem, gdzie Maryja wtenczas była, kiedy anjoł k niej przyszedl, coli czyniła albo myśliła]
li
- (attested in Lesser Poland) Introduces a conditional; if
1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter][17], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 129, 3:
Bødzeszly lychoty chowacz (si iniquitates observaveris), pane, pane, kto sczyrzpy?
- [Będzieszli lichoty chować (si iniquitates observaveris), Panie, Panie, kto ścirzpi?]
1895 [Fifteenth century], Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich. Kodeks Działyńskich I[18], Lesser Poland, page 9:
Ktoricole... zaklad weszmye..., tho gest konye abo gynsze bydlo..., nye mayą... dzelicz myedzy sobą, ale gestly zymye (si autem hiemali), tedy za tydzen, a gestly lecze (si fuerit in aestivo tempore), tedy za dwie nyedzeli mayą bycz chowany
- [Ktorykole... zakład weźmie..., to jest konie abo jinsze bydło..., nie mają... dzielić miedzy sobą, ale jestli zimie (si autem hiemali, Sul 22: paknięli zimie), tedy za tydzień, a jestli lecie (si fuerit in aestivo tempore), tedy za dwie niedzieli mają być chowany]
- Polish: li
- ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “li”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “li”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “li”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Inherited from Old Polish li.[1][2]
li
- (archaic, literary) interrogative particle: introduces a yes-no question
- Synonym: czy
- (archaic, literary) only
- (Middle Polish) emphasis particle
li
- (obsolete) if
- Synonym: jeśli
- (Middle Polish) since, because
- Synonym: skoro
- (Middle Polish) though
- Synonyms: acz, aczkolwiek, chociaż, mimo że
- (Middle Polish) when
- Synonym: kiedy
- (Middle Polish) or
Borrowed from Mandarin 里 (lǐ).
li n (indeclinable)
li n (indeclinable)
- li (meaningful ceremony or ritual)
- ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “li”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “li”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “li”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- li in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- li in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “li”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “li”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “li”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 2730
- Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “li”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
- Hyphenation: li
- Rhymes: -i
li
li (plural le)
Ercolani, Libero (1971) Vocabolario Romagnolo-Italiano, Monte di Ravenna, page 232
li (dative form of ele, form of le)
- to them
This word is used when le (which is dative) is combined with the following accusatives:
- -lli (pronoun, enclitic, used when previous syllable is stressed)
- -ri (pronoun, enclitic, used when previous syllable is unstressed)
From Latin illī, illae, masculine and feminine plural forms of ille (“that”).
li m pl or f pl
Sassarese definite articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | lu/l' | li/l' |
feminine | la/l' |
- the (masculine and feminine plural)
- Becomes l' before a vowel.
li m pl or f pl
- (followed by chi) those
Di curori vi ni so umbè. Ca so li chi tu priferi?
- There are lots of colors. Which ones do you prefer?
- (literally, “Of colors there are a lot. Which ones are those which you prefer?”)
- them (accusative)
- Abà li zerchu ― I'll look for them (literally, “Now I look for them”)
- dative of eddu
- Li cuzinu la trìglia ― I'll prepare him mullet (literally, “I cook to him the mullet”)
- dative of edda
- Li fozzu li frisgiori ― I'll prepare her some flapjacks (literally, “I make to her the flapjacks”)
- dative of eddi
- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *li.
li (Cyrillic spelling ли)
- question-forming interrogative particle (postpositive, unlike other particles, never first word in a sentence)
- poznaješ li me ― do you know me?
- jesi li stigao na odredište? ― did you reach the destination?
- jeste li ga vid(j)eli ― have you seen him?
- gd(j)e li se samo nalazimo? ― where could we be?
- kad li će doći? ― when will he/they come?
- je li? ― Is it? (Is that so? Isn't that so?)
- used as conjunction with da (except in Croatian, je li is used instead)
- da li ― whether
- nemam pojma da li je došao ― I have no idea whether he came (Croatian: "nemam pojma je li došao")
- (as a conjunction) if
- pokušaš li me napasti, ja ću ti uzvratiti ― should you try to attack me, I'll strike you back (when "li" is used in this sense, it is usually translated as a subjunctive form "should", and when "ako" is used, it is usually translated as "if" - ako me pokušaš napasti = if you try to attack me)
- used as an emphatic intensifier
- a sn(ij)eg pada li pada ― the snow just keeps falling and falling...
- d(ij)ete plače li plače ― the child just keeps crying and crying...
- zar (interrogative particle)
From the conflation of the apheresis of Latin illī and illae, both nominative plurals of ille.
li m pl or f pl
- This article is nowadays an obsolete variant, unlike its illiquid counterpart i. It is currently used only in some restricted areas where it is still withheld in conversational communications.
- Today it is mostly used in crystallized contexts, such as singing, poetry or sayings and proverbs. In all these cases this definite article is more euphonetic than the variants, now predominant, which have undergone the lenition of the initial liquid consonant.
- Its use is however almost undisputed before nouns (or nominalized forms of other parts of speech, most often adjectives) that begin with vowels. In this case the form is an apocopic l'. Otherwise, illiquid definite articles are phonetically absorbed by the following noun. I.e: l'arancini (liquid) and ârancini (illiquid).
Sicilian articles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine singular definite article | Feminine singular definite article | Masculine and feminine plural definite article | ||
Definite articles (liquid) | lu | la | li | |
Definite articles (illiquid) | u | a | i | |
Definite articles | nu (also: un, 'n) |
na |
From the conflation of the apheresis of Latin illī and illae, both nominative plurals of ille.
li m pl or f pl
- (accusative) them
- Synonym: i
- Li canusci? ― Do you know them?
- (accusative) them, these or those thing
- Synonym: i
- Quannu ti li desi. ― When I gave them to you.
- This pronoun is now an obsolete variant. It is currently used only in some restricted areas where it is still withheld in conversational communications.
- Today it is mostly used in crystallized contexts, such as singing, poetry or sayings and proverbs. In all these cases this definite article is more euphonetic than the variants, now predominant, which have undergone the lenition of the initial liquid consonant.
- Its use is however almost undisputed before words that begin with vowels. In this case the form is an apocopic l'.
li
- Romanization of 𒇷 (li)
-li
- general relative positive degree stem of -wa, -wapo, -wako, or -wamo
- mambo yaliomo ― the things which are inside
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ləj.
li
- Zomi Ordbog based on the work of D.L. Haokip
Inherited from Proto-Bantu *dɪ̀ (“to be”, irregular verb). Cognate with Kikuyu -rĩ.
-li (defective)
- to be, to exist
2008, Ekitabu Ekirukwera N'Ebitabu Ebyeetwa Deturokanoniko/Apokurifa [Bible in Runyoro/Rutooro Interconfessional Translation], Bible Society of Uganda, Okubanza 4:9:
Aho MUKAMA yakaguza Kaini ati: “Abberi owanyoko ali nkaha?” Kaini yagarukamu ati: “Tindukumanya; ninyowe mulinzi w'Owanyina nyowe?”
- Then the Lord said to Cain, “Where is your brother Abel?” “I don’t know,” he replied. “Am I my brother’s keeper?”
- to become
- Synonym: -ba
- Since this is a defective verb, it does not have many conjugations, and the remaining conjugations needed are constructed using -ba as an auxiliary verb. For example, the 1st person singular negative remote past of -li is nkaba ntali (literally, “I was not being”).
- This verb removes the augment of the noun after it (e.g. ndi manzi, not *ndi emanzi "I am a courageous person").
- The 3rd person singular present and 3rd person plural present forms are usually only used after a locative class or a place name. In other cases, the noun is almost always left augmentless (e.g. muntu "he/she is a person").
- -roho (“to be at/on something, to be present”)
- -rumu (“to be in something”)
- -liyo (“to be there”)
- -raha (“where is it?, where are they?”)
- -ruku-, -liku-
Inherited from Proto-Bantu *dɪ́á (“that, those”). Cognate with Swahili -le.
-li
- -nu (“this (proximal demonstrative determiner)”)
- Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary[19], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 313-315, 409
- Entry 940 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
- Entry 945 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
Sino-Vietnamese word from 璃 (“glass”).
(classifier cái) li
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
li
li
- Appended with a hyphen to a verb, it turns the entire clause it is in into a question.
li (after an open syllable and/or before a vowel: l', plural: les, plural after an open syllable and before a vowel: ls)
- the
- Li mwaisse ― The master
- Li maistrece ― The mistress
- L' ome ― The man
- C' est li l' mwaisse ― He is the master
- Les måjhons ― The houses
- Les omes ― The men
- Çou sont ls åtes tchesteas ― These are the other castles
li
li
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[20], Pacific linguistics
lí
- The name of the Latin-script letter L/l.
< 3 | 4 | 5 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : li | ||
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *lii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ləj. Cognates include Burmese လေး (le:) and Nuosu ꇖ (ly).
li
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 40
- Philip Thanglienmang (2014) “Zou Tonology”, in Indian Linguistics, volume 75, numbers 1-2, →ISSN