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se
se (plural ses)
se
From Dutch zijn, z'n (“his, its”). An Afrikaans innovation is the use of se regardless of the number or gender of the possessor, which may be due to a merger with the Dutch genitive suffix -s as well as, perhaps, the adjective suffix -s, -sch.
se
- follows a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's
- Hierdie is my ouma se huis. — This is my grandmother’s house.
From Proto-Albanian *tśe(i), *tśi from Proto-Indo-European *kʷe-, *kʷ(e)i- (“how, what”). Interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.
se
- 's (unstressed form)
se
From Proto-Mongolic *usun.
se
- Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu), Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Baoan, SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS (Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA), November 1994
- Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os
se
se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')
- himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
- oneself (direct or indirect object)
- themselves (direct or indirect object)
- each other (direct or indirect object)
- -se is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩, or between some adverbs/pronouns and a verb. In some varieties of Catalan (Balearic/Valencian) it can also occur in sentence-initial position.
- The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
Central Huasteca Nahuatl
se
- one (number).
se
- one.
From Middle High German si(e) (“they”), merged from Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl, from Proto-Germanic *īz m, *ijôz f, *ijō n, the nominative plural forms of *iz. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.
se
Personal pronouns | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
1st person | i | biar |
2nd person | du | iar |
3rd person | er, si, 'z | se |
- “se” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
se
- one.
From Old Czech sě, from Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.
se (reflexive)
- clitic accusative of sebe:
- oneself
- myself
- yourself
- himself
- herself
- itself
- ourselves
- yourselves
- themselves
- Synonym: (stressed) sebe
Czech personal pronouns
se (also s)
se
From Old Danish se, from Old Norse (East) *sēa, (Old Norse (West) sjá), from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, cognate with English see, German sehen, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).
se (imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense så, perfect tense har set)
- to see
- (reciprocal passive) to see each other
reciprocal
sé
Borrowed from Italian se, influenced by French si and Latin sī.
se
se (plural sewo)
From Old Galician-Portuguese se, sse, from Latin sē.
se
- Used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent; one
2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:
Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.
- We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned [by someone].
- Reflexive and reciprocal pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: A Porcá:
Cumían algu de herba por camiñus, se bañaban i os devulvían a casa por as tardis.
- They ate some pasture along the way, bathed themselves and were returned to their home in the afternoon.
- Takes the form -si when suffixed to an impersonal verb form.
se n (genitive singular ses, plural se)
- The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.
Declension of se | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n4 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | se | seið | se | seini |
accusative | se | seið | se | seini |
dative | se, sei | senum | seum | seunum |
genitive | ses | sesins | sea | seanna |
se
se
From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. For plural forms, see etymology of ne.
The variation in inflectional stems (se-, si-, sii-,) dates back to at least Late Proto-Finnic. The oblique stem si-, seen in most inflected forms, is also found in other Finnic languages, such as the following cognates of the partitive singular sitä: Karelian sitä, Livvi sittäh, Veps sidä, Votic sitä. This is possibly a remnant of the original expected form **si (due to final e > i) which was reversed in some forms, possibly as influence from the plural ne.
The stem sii-, seen in internal locative case forms may have been generalized from the plural forms as a means to distinguish from partitive/essive sitä, sinä; expected internal locative cases **sissä, **sistä may have been avoided as a dissimilation. Compare Veps siš (inessive singular of se).
se
- (demonstrative) that (when the speaker does not point at the thing, either physically or mentally; compare tuo, see usage notes)
Älä koske siihen!
- Don't touch that! (something located close to the speaker)
Sitäkö sinä sillä tarkoitit?
- That's what you meant by that?
- (demonstrative) it
Onko se hän, joka on ovella?
- Is it her who's at the door?
Ota kortti ja pane se pöydälle kuvapuoli alaspäin.
- Take a card and put it on the table face down.
Kukas se sieltä tulee?
- Who's it coming over there?
- the one (who, what, which) (always with a relative clause)
Se, jolla on eniten pisteitä, on voittaja.
- The one who has the most points is the winner.
Joka kuritta kasvaa, se kunniatta kuolee.
- [The one] who grows up without discipline dies without honor.
- (colloquial or dialectal) he, she, one, (singular) they (the pronoun does not determine the sex/gender of the person)
Se vaan lähti.
- He just left.
se
- that (not pointed at by the speaker; compare tuo, see usage notes)
Sen auton pakoputki on rikki.
- That car has a broken exhaust.
Onko sinulla vielä sitä jäätelöä?
- Do you still have some of that ice cream?
- (colloquial) the (as a definite article; see the usage notes below)
- Both tuo and se can be translated as "that"; see tuo for more information on the difference between the two.
- In colloquial and dialectal Finnish, se is the usual and neutral personal pronoun in the third person singular, and its standard Finnish counterpart hän is restricted to certain particular uses. Using se of a person carries no negative connotation.
- Due to the influence of Germanic languages, and nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as a kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish, though in standard Finnish, where word order expresses whether something is definite or indefinite, this colloquial usage is ungrammatical. (Compare the usage of yksi.)
- (standard)
- Mies tuli luokseni. ― The man came to me.
- Luokseni tuli mies. ― A man came to me.
- (colloquial)
- Se mies tuli mun luokse. ― The man came to me.
- Yks mies tuli mun luokse. ― A man came to me.
- (standard)
Irregular (singular stems: se-, si-, sii-, plural stems: ne-, nii-).
noun case | singular | plural | adverbial form | singular | plural |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | se | ne | superessive | siellä | – |
genitive | sen | niiden, niitten | delative | sieltä | – |
partitive | sitä | niitä | sublative | sinne | – |
accusative | se, sen | ne | lative | siis | – |
inessive | siinä | niissä | temporal | silloin | – |
elative | siitä | niistä | causative | siten | – |
illative | siihen | niihin | multiplicative | – | – |
adessive | sillä | niillä | distributive | – | – |
ablative | siltä | niiltä | temp. dist. | – | – |
allative | sille | niille | prolative | – | – |
essive | sinä | niinä | situative | – | – |
translative | siksi | niiksi | oppositive | – | – |
abessive | – | (niittä) | |||
instructive | – | (niin) | |||
comitative | – | niine |
- Kven: se
Finnish demonstratives
- Tämä, tuo vai se?. Kielikello (4/2001). An article analyzing the usage and differences between the Finnish demonstrative pronouns tämä, tuo and se. (in Finnish)
- “se”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Akin to tseh.
se (dialectal)
- here you go; an encouragement to take something, usually something that is being handed over.
- an encouragement to an animal to eat (food)
Despite being an interjection, some verb-like forms can also be found (sehkää).
se (prevocalic s') (ORB, broad)
From Middle French se, from Old French se, from Latin sē. See also soi.
se m or f (pre-vocalic s’)
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
- (to) himself
- (to) herself
- (to) oneself
- (to) itself
- (to) themselves
- (to) each other
- (Louisiana) The second-person plural reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
- Je suis partie à la chasse et faut vous autres se comportes bien. ― I'm going hunting and y'all need to behave yourselves.
- Se becomes s’ before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
- Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:
- Il est normal de se parler. — It is normal to talk to oneself.
- The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns: me, m’, te, t’, nous, vous.
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun: soi.
- “se”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
From Old Galician-Portuguese se (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin sī.
se
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
se
- accusative/dative of si
- The third-person reflexive pronoun.
- (to) himself
- (to) herself
- (to) oneself
- (to) itself
- (to) themselves
- (to) each other
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “se”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “se”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “se”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
se
From Middle Low German sê, variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.
se
- she
- Se is Anke. — She is Anke (Annie).
se
- they
- Se kaamt ut Bremen. — They come from Bremen.
1861, G. Ungt, Twee Geschichten in Mönstersk Platt. Ollmanns Jans in de Friümde un Ollmanns Jans up de Reise, page 163:
Dao gävven5 sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.6
- 5 gaben – gaben sich an – strengten sich an. 6 zu ihnen kamen.
From Proto-Gbe *se (“to hear”). Cognates include Fon sè (“to understand, hear, feel”), Saxwe Gbe sè (“to hear”), Adja sè (“to understand, hear, feel, respond”), Ewe se (“to hear”)
sè
- to hear, to listen
- to understand
- sètónú (“to obey”)
se
- Use ye at the end of a clause.
- This word does not appear when the predicate is an adjective or prepositional phrase, except when the preposition in the prepositional phrase is pou (“for”) or tankou (“like”).
se (clitic)
- Alternative form of sem.
- (not … either, not even): se in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
- ([folksy, informal] alternative form of sem): se, redirecting to sem in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
se
- if
- La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus. — The clerk would begin to work if he could.
- Se me povus, me komprus altra domo. — If I could, I would buy another house.
se (plural se-i)
- The name of the Latin script letter S/s.
From Proto-Finnic *se. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈse/, [ˈs̠e̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈse/, [ˈʃe̞]
- Rhymes: -e
- Hyphenation: se
- Homophone: že
se
- this, that (not bound to a specific location)
1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 63:
Linnuille höö siihe kagraa siputtiit.
- They sprinkled oats onto it for the birds.
1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:
Inmihiset panniit merkille i sen, etti kaik predmetat päivääl, päivytpaiston aikanna, viskajaat kupahaiset.
- People noticed this as well, that all objects during the day, being a sunny time, cast shadows.
- (dialectal) that (distal)
2008, “Läkkäämmä omal viisii [We're speaking [our] own way]”, in Inkeri[4], volume 4, number 69, St. Petersburg, page 12:
Tämä on Logoven kylä, a se ono Reppoilan kylä.
- This is the village Logovi, and that is the village Reppoila.
se
- this, that (not bound to a specific location)
1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 40:
Peen tulo saatii siint pellost.
- A small income was received from this field.
- (dialectal) that (distal)
- Se and neet are anaphoric: That is to say they refer to something previously mentioned (or soon afterwards mentioned) in the conversation. In contrast, too and noo are deictic, and thus refer to physical entities.
- Although Junus (1936; p. 99) describes sen as the accusative and senen as the genitive, in practice, sen is often used as a short form of the genitive as well.
- In the Soikkola dialect, the functions of too (“that”) have merged into se.
Declension of se | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | se | neet |
genitive | senen | niijen |
accusative | sen | neet |
partitive | sitä | niitä |
illative | siihe | niihe |
inessive | siin | niis |
elative | siint, siitä | niist |
allative | sille | niille |
adessive | sil | niil |
ablative | silt | niilt |
translative | siks | niiks |
essive | senennä | niinnä |
Ingrian demonstratives | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
proximal | neutral | distal | |||||
singular | tämä (tää) | se | too | ||||
plural | nämät (näät) | neet | noo |
- V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[5], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 99
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 514
- Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку[6], →ISBN, pages 13-14
se (third person)
- Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
- Illa se videva in le speculo. ― She saw herself in the mirror.
- Reciprocal: each other, one another.
- Quando illes se cognosceva? ― When did they meet (each other)?
- Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").
- De mi casa se vide le mar. ― From my house the sea is seen. (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)
- Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".
- espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")
se
- if
1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere
- Beautiful one, if you saw the galleys
From Latin sī (“if”)[1] or from Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī and quid ("what").[2]
se
se
- Alternative form of si
Italian personal pronouns
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Combined | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
se
se
- (archaic) Alternative form of così: if (only); even if
- se Dio ti lasci, lettor, prender frutto / di tua lezione ― even if God leaves you, reader, take fruit of your lesson (Dante)
- Used to express a conditional with the implicit hope on the part of the speaker that something does or does not happen. Always followed by the subjunctive.
- se in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
se
- to say, to tell
2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Matyu 3:7:
Bot wen im si uol iip a piipl fram di Farisii an Sadyusii gruup a kom fi im baptaiz dem, im se tu dem se, “Unu siniek pikni unu! A uu waan unu fi ron we fram di jojment we a kom?
- But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his baptism, he said to them, "You brood of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the wrath to come?
se
- (relative) that (which, who; representing a subject, direct object, indirect object, or object of a preposition)
2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Matyu 2:22:
Bot wen im ier se a Erad pikni, Arkelos, tek uova an did a ruul Judiya, im kech im fried an neehn waahn go de-so. An kaa Gad did waan im aaf iina wan jriim, im lef go Gyalalii insted.
- But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there, and being warned in a dream he withdrew to the district of Galilee.
- (literally, “But when he heard that Herod's child Archelaus took over and was ruling Judea […])”)
- se at majstro.com
se
From Sanskrit स (sa), सा (sā), from Proto-Indo-European *só.
se
se
- (South Karelian) Alternative form of še
se
- (South Karelian) Alternative form of še
From Finnish se, from Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe.
se
se
Declension of se
- (he, she): hän
Kven personal pronouns
- Eira Söderholm (2017) Kvensk grammatikk, Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, →ISBN, page 278
se
- (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people. Note: often translated using the passive voice in English.
- (reflexive) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; (reciprocal) each other, one another. Note: With some verbs, si is not translated in English.
se
- to know
- to be able to
- Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid[7], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)
From Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /seː/, [s̠eː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /se/, [sɛː]
sē (accusative and ablative, no nominative)
- (reflexive) the accusative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves
- Vōcālis est littera quae per sē syllabam facere potest. ― A vowel is a letter that can form a syllable by itself.
- Quīntus quōmodo sē habet hodiē? ― How's Quintus doing today? (literally, “is holding himself”)
- In mare sē praecipitāvit. ― He drowned himself in the ocean.
- (reflexive) the ablative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun
- sēsē is very common as the emphatic form of the accusative pronoun, especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause.
Latin personal pronouns together with the possessive and reflexive pronouns
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | is | ēius | eī | eum | eō | ēius | |
Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
From Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī (“if”) + quid (“what”).
se
From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
se
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
se
- myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself
- each other, one another
- used to form passives
- Starosta, Manfred (1999) “se”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
se
- unstressed form of si
See Template:lb-decl-personal pronouns for declension.
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : se | ||
Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa.
se (Jawi spelling س)
Root |
---|
s-j-r (going) |
2 terms |
Sometimes thought to have been inherited from Arabic سَ (sa), from سَوْفَ (sawfa). However, it is more likely that the similarity is entirely coincidental and that Maltese se(r) is merely a shortened form of sejjer.
se
- Indicates a future tense.
se
- Nonstandard spelling of sè.
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
se
- accusative of si (“they”)
From Old English swē, swǣ, variants of swā (“so”). More at so.
se
se
- Alternative form of see (“sea”)
se
- Alternative form of see (“see”)
se
- Alternative form of sche
From Old French se, from Latin sē.
se
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct object pronoun.
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal indirect object pronoun.
- to himself
- to herself
- to oneself
- to itself
- to themselves
- to each other
- ils se donnerent bataille ― they gave each other battle (they gave battle to each other)
- Whether to translate as himself, herself, oneself, itself, themselves or each other depends on the gender (male, female or none) and number (singular or plural).
- Usually becomes s' before a vowel. In older manuscripts, it becomes s- with no apostrophe.
- French: se
Variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.
- Stem vowel: ê⁴
sê
- (third person singular female nominative) she
- her (accusative of sê)
- (third person plural nominative) they
- them (accusative of sê)
See Template:gml-perpron for declension.
From Proto-Central Chadic *sa, from Proto-Chadic *sa. Cognate with Matal sa (“to drink”).
se
- to drink
- S. Allison, Makary Kotoko Provisional Lexicon (SIL)
- R.C. Gravina, The Phonology of Proto-Central Chadic
se
- reflexive third person pronoun: oneself, himself, itself, herself, themselves etc.
- AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 80: “si chiama” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
From Old Tupi xe. Cognate with Guaraní che.
- Hyphenation: se
- Rhymes: -e
se
- (second-class) first-person singular personal pronoun (I, me, my)
Se akanhemu aikú nhaãsé se kirá aikú.
- I am scared because I am fat.
Aé uputari upitá se irũmu.
- He wants to stay with me.
Se manha uwiké uka pisasú upé.
- My mother enters the new house.
- As a second-class pronoun, se is used as the subject of a sentence when its verb is a second-class one (those verbs are sometimes referred to as adjectives). The personal pronoun se is also used when governed by any postposition with the exception of arama and supé. Finally, se is used as a possessive pronoun as well.
singular | first-class pronoun | second-class pronoun |
---|---|---|
first-person | ixé | se |
second-person | indé | ne |
third-person | aé | i |
plural | first-class pronoun | second-class pronoun |
first-person | yandé | yané |
second-person | penhẽ | pe |
third-person | aintá (or tá) | aintá (or tá) |
- ÁVILA, Marcel Twardowsky (2021) Proposta de dicionário nheengatu–português, page 688
- NAVARRO, Eduardo de Almeida (2016) Curso de língua geral (nheengatu ou tupi moderno): a língua das origens da civilização amazônica, 2nd edition, →ISBN, pages 11 and 108
From Old Frisian siā, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.
se (present se, 2nd singular sjochst, 3rd singular sjocht, past saag, perfect sen)
From Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.
Central Kurdish | سەگ (seg) |
---|
se m
From Danish se, from Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.
se (imperative se, present tense ser, passive ses or sees, simple past så, past participle sett, present participle seende)
- to see (perceive with the eyes).
- “se” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
From Proto-West Germanic *siz, replacing earlier *sā, from Proto-Germanic *sa.
sē
- the
- sē mōna ― the moon
- sēo sunne ― the sun
- þæt seofonstierre ― the Pleiades
- þā steorran ― the stars
sē
- that
Sele mē þone hamor.
- Give me that hammer.
sē
- that
Hē fōr hām, and æfter þām ne ġeseah iċ hine nǣfre mā.
- He went home, and after that I never saw him again.
- the one / that one
Iċ eom sē þe cnocaþ.
- I am the one who knocks.
Hēo nis sēo þe þū oferreċċan þearft.
- She's not the one you need to convince.
Rǣtst þū nū þās bōc oþþe þā?
- Are you reading this book right now or that one?
Hwæðer is þīn, þē þæt swearte hors þē þæt hwīte?
- Which one is yours, the black horse or the white one?
- (relative) that, who, what
Ne biþ eall þæt glitnaþ nā gold.
- Not everything that glitters is gold.
- The word "the" was used somewhat more sparingly in Old English than in the modern language. One reason is, English had only recently developed a word for "the" (sē previously only meant "that"), leaving many nouns and phrases which had a definite meaning but which people continued to use without a definite article out of custom. Examples of words which usually went without the word "the" include:
- Names of peoples, such as Engle (“the Angles”), Seaxan (“the Saxons”), and Crēcas (“the Greeks”). Ġelīefst þū þæt Dene magon bēon oferswīðde? (“Do you believe the Danes can be defeated?”).
- All river names. On Temese flēat ān sċip (“A boat was floating on the Thames”).
- A few nouns denoting types of locations, namely sǣ (“the sea”), wudu (“the woods”), and eorþe (“the ground”). Þū fēolle on eorðan and slōge þīn hēafod (“You fell on the ground and hit your head”). Note that eorþe was often used with a definite article when it meant "the Earth."
- "the world," whether expressed with weorold or middanġeard. Iċ eom æt hām on ealre weorolde, þǣr þǣr sind wolcnu and fuglas and mennisċe tēaras (“I feel at home in the whole world, where there are clouds and birds and human tears”).
- A couple of abstract concepts, namely sōþ (“the truth”) and ǣ (“the law”). Iċ seċġe ēow sōþ, þæt iċ swerie (“I'm telling you the truth, I swear”).
- Dryhten (“the Lord”).
- morgen (“the morning”) and ǣfen (“the evening”). Iċ ārās on lætne morgen and ēode niðer (“I got up late in the morning and went downstairs”).
- The four seasons, lencten (“spring”), sumor (“summer”), hærfest (“fall”), and winter (“winter”). On sumore hit biþ wearm and on wintra ċeald (“In the summer it's warm and in the winter it's cold”).
- forþġewitennes (“the past”), andweardnes (“the present”), and tōweardnes (“the future”). Þā þe forðġewitennesse ġemunan ne magon, hīe bēoþ ġeniðrode hīe tō ġeedlǣċenne (“Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it”).
- forma sīþ (“the first time”), ōþer sīþ (“the second time”), etc. Hwæt þōhtest þū þā þū mē forman sīðe ġemēttest? (“What did you think when you met me for the first time?”).
- þīestra (“the dark”). Iċ āwēox, ac iċ nǣfre ne ġeswāc mē þīestra tō ondrǣdenne (“I grew up, but I never stopped being scared of the dark”).
- Genitive phrases could include the word "the" before the head noun, but most often did not. Instead, genitive phrases were commonly formed like possessive phrases in modern English, with the genitive noun preceding the head noun ("John's car," not "the car of John"). Thus “the fall of Rome” was Rōme hryre, literally “Rome's fall,” and “the god of fire” was fȳres god, literally “fire's god.”
Declension of se
For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.
se m or f (invariable)
- himself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- herself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- itself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- oneself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- themselves (reflexive direct and indirect third-person plural pronoun)
- French: se
se
- French: si
se
se
- Alternative form of so used after palatalized consonants and front vowels
se
- Alternative form of z
From Proto-Germanic *sa.
sē m (demonstrative)
se
se
- one.
se
Pennsylvania German personal pronouns
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- the
- that (agr: rem fem / rem non-nom masc)
- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[8], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- the
- those (agr: rem)
- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[9], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- it
- she (rem fem nom)
- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[10], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- they (rem nom)
se
- I
- se-take ― I want
- 2001, Alejandra Vidal, quoted in Subordination in Native South-American Languages
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sē Ordinal : achtu Adverbial : seujti Distributive : sejsē ika | ||
From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sɨmayV. Compare Classical Nahuatl ce (“one”). Cognate with Hopi suukya' (“one”), Shoshone seme' (“one”), Cahuilla súplli (“one”), and O'odham hema (“one”).
sē
- one
Nikneki semaya se
- I want only one
sē
- a, indefinite article
Tikitat se tekulut tik ne kwajkwawit
- We saw an owl in the trees
sē
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
se
- (colloquial, sometimes proscribed) (dative, weak form) oneself, myself, yourself, itself, etc.
- Synonym: sobie
Daj se z tym spokój.
- Give it a break.
- se in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Homophones: si (Brazil), cê (South Brazil)
- Hyphenation: se
From Old Galician-Portuguese sse, se, from Latin sē.
se m or f by sense
- third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself; herself; itself; themselves
Ela se viu no espelho.
- She saw herself in the mirror.
- (nonstandard, colloquial, Brazil, highly proscribed) first-person singular reflexive pronoun; myself
- Synonym: (standard) me
Eu se apresentei no teatro.
- I performed myself at the theater.
- third-person singular and plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
Quando eles se conheceram?
- When did they meet (each other)?
- (colloquial, nonstandard, Brazil) first-person plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
- Synonym: (standard) nos
Nós se beijámos.
- We kissed (each other).
- second-person singular and plural reflexive and reciprocal pronoun, when used with second-person pronouns other than tu and vós; yourself; yourselves
E você se diz um professor!
- And you call yourself a teacher!
- impersonal pronominal verb; oneself
Vive-se bem em Belém.
- One lives well in Belém.
- (literally, “Lives oneself well in Belém”)
- accessory, when it is used to embellish the verb without its omission impairing the understanding.
"Vão-se os reis, mas as nações ficam."
- Kings go, but nations remain.
- particle of spontaneity, when it indicates that there was spontaneity in the action by its agent.
- When the verb precedes se, a hyphen must be used. In Portugal post-verb se is more common, while in Brazil it usually precedes the verb.
- (reflexive and reciprocal): Many verb senses take a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.
- comunicar-se (com) ― to communicate (with)
- arrepender-se ― to repent
- Many ergative English verbs are translated by a bare verb for transitive usage and a pronominal one for intransitive:
O professor acalmou os alunos.
- The teacher calmed the students down.
O professor acalmou-se.
- The teacher calmed down.
For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.
See Template:Portuguese personal pronouns for further pronouns.
From Old Galician-Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).
se
- if (introduces a condition)
- Synonym: caso
- Antonyms: caso contrário, senão
Se for sair, leve um guarda-chuva.
- If you go out, take an umbrella.
Só começaremos se nos pagarem.
- We will only begin if they pay us.
2009, Maria Gadú, Altar particular:
Se enfim, você um dia resolver mudar, tirar meu pobre coração do altar, me devolver como se deve ser.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
2007, J. K. Rowling, Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:
Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!
- I'm sorry, I thought it would be more fearsome if it were midnight!
For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.
se
- s' (Apocopic)
se
se
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
se
From Proto-Bantu *cé.
sé class 1a (plural bāsé class 2a)
se
- a (singular indefinite article)
From Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.
se (Cyrillic spelling се)
- oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
- myself
- ourselves
- thyself (archaic)
- yourself, yourselves
- himself, herself, itself
- themselves
- (by extension, impersonal) Used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person where the impersonal subject does the verb unto itself
- Kako se zoveš? ― What's your name? (literally, “What do you call yourself?”)
- Kako se to kaže na španjolskom? ― How is that said in Spanish? / How do you say that in Spanish? (literally, “How does it say itself in Spanish?”)
- Ovdje se govori španjolski ― Spanish is spoken here (literally, “Spanish speaks itself here.”)
- Svjetska prvenstva se igraju ljeti. ― World Cups are played during the summer. (literally, “World Cups play themselves during the summer.”)
From Proto-Slavic *sь.
se (Cyrillic spelling се)
- (obsolete) this is; here is
1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь
- Here lies Viganj Milošević
From Latin sīc. In the “yes” sense, from sīc (est). Doublet of sì.
se
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
se
- oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself
- ourselves, yourselves, themselves
- Dummy pronoun to make a verb intransitive, reflexive, or for reflexive voice.
Second masculine/first feminine/second neuter declension (a-stem), fixed accent, highly irregular Stressed ("naglasne") forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative imenovȃlnik |
– | – | – |
genitive rodȋlnik |
sébe | sébe | sébe |
dative dajȃlnik |
sébi | sébi | sébi |
accusative tožȋlnik |
sébe | sébe | sébe |
locative mẹ̑stnik |
sébi | sébi | sébi |
instrumental orọ̑dnik |
sȃbo, sebọ́j | sȃbo, sebọ́j | sȃbo, sebọ́j |
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
– | – | – |
Unstressed ("naslonske") forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
genitive rodȋlnik |
se | se | se |
dative dajȃlnik |
si | si | si |
accusative tožȋlnik |
se | se | se |
Binding ("navezne / predložne") accusative forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
unstressed | -se | -se | -se |
stressed | sẹ̑ | sẹ̑ | sẹ̑ |
- “se”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
- “se”, in Termania, Amebis
- See also the general references
- IPA(key): /se/ [se]
- Rhymes: -e
- Syllabification: se
- Homophones: sé, (Latin America) ce
se m or f by sense (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)
- third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another
- Juan se lava. ― Juan washes himself.
- Juan se lava la cara. ― Juan washes his own face. (literally, “Juan, to himself, washes the face.”)
- Juan y María se aman. ― Juan and María love each other.
- used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person and with usted and ustedes
- ¿Cómo se llama? ― What is your name? (literally, “How do you call yourself?”)
- Se dice que... ― It is said that... (literally, “It says itself that...”)
- Aquí se habla español ― Spanish is spoken here / They speak Spanish here. (literally, “One speaks Spanish here, Spanish speaks itself here.”)
- (third person reflexive, also used for ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.
From Old Spanish ge (from Latin illī, compare Portuguese lhe, Italian gli), whose pronunciation shifted from /ʒe/ to /ʃe/ in Early Modern Spanish, at which point it was reanalyzed as /se/ (rather than shifting to /xe/ as expected).
se m or f by sense (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)
- used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las
- El samaritano se las dio. ― The Samaritan gave them to him.
See Appendix:Spanish pronouns for an overview of Spanish pronouns and Template:es-personal pronouns for a pronoun table.
se (main verb saber)
- Misspelling of sé.
- “se”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
se
From Old Swedish sēa, sē, sīa, from Old Norse séa, sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną. Final -g of the past tense form added under influence of the Old Swedish plural form sāgho.
se (present ser, preterite såg, supine sett, imperative se)
- to see (not be blind)
Han sa att han var blind, men han kan se
- He said he was blind, but he can see
- to look
1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie[12]:
Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!
- Quite the opposite, miss Julie, as you can see I have rushed to find my abandoned one!
1915, John Wahlborg, Stjärnbanér i blågult[13]:
Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.
- What I have seen and heard and felt has quite simply overwhelmed me.
- to see; to understand
- to see, to visualize; to form a mental picture of
"Jag ser" for "I see" as in "I understand" does not work in (sense 3). See the synonyms instead.
- avse
- bortse
- frånse
- inse
- se an / se något an
- se efter
- se i syne
- se på
- se ut
- se till
- tillse
- återse
- överse
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈse/ [ˈsɛ]
- Rhymes: -e
- Syllabification: se
See ce.
se (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ) (historical)
- Alternative form of ce
See che.
se (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ) (historical)
- Alternative form of che
Cognate with Persian سه (seh).
se
se (impersonal, reflexive)
se (Jawi سي)
Se is only used when the referent is human. For non-human referents, toma is used instead.
se (Jawi سي)
- associative preposition: with
- ngori totagi butu se ngori rinongoru ― I go to the market with my younger sibling
- instrumental preposition: with, by, using
- tabu se usipera ― fire the gun (literally, “to shoot with the gun”)
Generally, when se takes a human referent, it is associative, and when se takes a non-human referent, it is instrumental, although exceptions do exist.
se (Jawi سي)
- and
- tohida riyaya se ribaba ― I see my mother and my father
- forms compound numbers
- bobato nyagimoi se tofkange ― the (council of) eighteen bobatos (literally, “the ten and eight bobatos”)
- Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
From Proto-Indo-European *suHyús. Cognate with Tocharian B soy, Old Armenian ուստր (ustr) and Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús).
se m
se
- Alternative form of kᵤse (“who, which”) (colloquial)
se
- The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.
se
- Letter of the Arabic alphabet: ث
se (indefinite article)
From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
se
See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.
se
- that (far)
See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.
se
- “se”, in Soha Tra Từ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Vietnam Communications Corporation. Available under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike license.
se
se
- Alternative form of see
se (not mutable)
- Contraction of basai.
se
- Alternative form of sy (“she”)
se
- Alternative form of sy (“they”)
40 | ||
← 3 | 4 | 5 → |
---|---|---|
Cardinal: se Ordinal: di-se, xxewa |
se
se
- to die
rolang sho-de je da nga-n-de mula ren se-gu-la diando rolang qhe-lai-li sho-de gu-li.
- As for this thing called ro-langs [type of Tibetan zombie], it is said that if a person among us dies, there will appear a ro-langs instead.
- Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
- Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun[15], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN
Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *sì, compare with Igala hì, Igbo si
- hè (Ìkálẹ̀)
sè
- (transitive) to cook
- Ó se ọbẹ̀ ilá. ― He cooked okra soup.
- (transitive) to boil
- Mi ò mọ ẹyin ín sè. ― I don't know how to boil eggs.
- When to cook is intransitive use dáná.
- (to boil): When referring to leafy vegetables or meat use bọ̀, when referring to water use hó.
- oúnjẹ sísè (“cooking”)
- sísè (“cooked, cooking”)
- àsè (“banquet”)
sé
- (transitive) to block; to shut
- Wọ́n sé fèrèsé náà. ― They blocked that window.
- (transitive) to miss
- Òkúta tí ó jù sé ihò. ― The rock she threw missed the hole.
se
From Proto-Iranian *číš (“what”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís (“who, what, which, that”).
se
se
- Alternative form of sed